MULTI-LAYER CONSTRUCTION
This method applies for double track project in Malaysia. It can saved lots of time by
performed lots of construction activity simultaneously.
Construction for Double Track is of the Multi-layer Construction, where works will take
place in a sequence from bottom to top. It begins with utilities, ground treatment, drainage
culverts, earthworks, bridgeworks and viaducts, trackworks, station building and systems
works. This method allows for simultaneous works carried out in all four states at the same
time.
Basement Construction Top Down Method
The technique:
Step 1:construct permanent structural retaining walls along the proposed basement perimeter
diaphragm wall, contiguous bored piles, etc
Step 2:construct pre-founded columns for one floor height over the proposed floor plan (Hsteel section inserted into the pre-bored holes)
*click image for larger view
Step 3:construct slab on the ground so that it rest on all the pre-founded columns, with an
allowance for several pre-determined openings for access
Step 4:first excavation-using several small machine, drive down through the opening and
start excavating temporary spoils located near the opening to be hauled, loaded and cart
away off site important factors to be strictly considered here are the artificial lighting and
adequate ventilation system
*click image for larger view
Step 5: repeat step 1 to 4 for the next lower floor (downwards)
*click image for larger view
1) Method Statement for Concreting Works
4.0 Working Methodology
4.1
Preparation of Base of Concrete
4.1.1 The surfaces where to concrete are to be poured cleaned of any laitance, mud, debris,
oils etc.
4.2.2 These surfaces should be roughened before continuous of concrete work to facilitate
proper concrete bonding between the structure.
4.2 Installation of Reinforcement Bars
4.2.1
All rebars shall be cleaned of laitance prior to installation.
4.2.2 The numbers, sizes, lengths and positions of all reinforcing bars, links, stirrups,
spacer bars and other parts of the steel reinforcement, would be installed in accordance with
the drawings and specifications.
4.2.3
Spacer blocks should be adequately secured to the reinforcement bars. Spacer block
is the same/greater grade as the concrete to be used.
4.2.1 The reinforcement bars shall be inspected and approved by the consultants prior to
the installation of formwork.
4.3 Formwork
4.3.1
The formwork should be installed as per the construction drawing.
4.3.2 The formwork should be installed to the required sizes, shapes, lines and dimensions
as shown on the drawings in order to obtain accurate alignment, location, grades, level and
verticality of the finished column.
4.3.3 The internal surface of the proprietary formwork should be cleaned and applied with
an approved release agent prior to erection and prior to installation of reinforcement.
4.3.4
False work should also be erected to give sufficient support and bracing and so that
any necessary adjustment to the proprietary formwork could be made.
4.3.5 Any gaps which might allow the leakage of concrete or its cement grout should be
sealed off by sponges, tapes etc.
4.3.6
During concrete placement operations, the falsework and formwork should be
monitored visually for any signs of abnormal deflection or [Link] formwork must be
strongly and rigidly supported.
4.4 Placing of Concrete
4.4.1
Each batch shall be placed and compacted within 2 hours of adding the cement to
dry aggregates and within 45 minutes of adding water to the cement and aggregates.
4.4.2
If site mix is used source of water must approved by S.O or pH test will be conduct.
4.4.3
Mix proportions will be follow as per construction drawing requirement.
4.4.4 When in situ concrete has been place for 4 hours, no further concrete shall be placed
against it for a further 20 hours.
4.4.5
Concrete shall be deposited in horizontal layers to a compacted depth not exceeding
450 mm where internal vibrators are used; or 300mm in all other cases. The surface of the
concrete shall be maintained reasonably level during placing.
4.4.6
Concrete shall not be dropped into place from height exceeding 1500mm.
4.4.7
No concrete shall be placed in flowing water. Underwater concrete if deemed shall
be placed in position by tremies or pipelines from the mixer. All concreting works shall be
comply to Section 9 (JKR/SPJ/1988).
4.5 Post Concreting Inspection
4.5.1
Prior to removal of the formwork, approval form the consultants shall be obtained.
Minimum Periods Between Concreting And Removal Of Forms
Type of Structure
Vertical faces of beams, wall columns, piles, foundation
plinths and precast items.
Underside of Slabs
Underside of Beams
Days
3 days
14 days
28 days
4.5.2 After removal of the formwork, each concrete structure shall be inspected by the
surveyors and project engineers / site supervisors for its size, shape, lines, dimensions,
alignment, location, level and verticality. In case there be any defects, these defects shall be
identified and recorded. Remedial measures shall be proposed and agreed by the consultants
prior to implementation.
4.2.1 The formwork removed shall be inspected again for distortion or damage. Distorted or
damaged components should be repaired or replaced. Otherwise, irreparable components
should be identified and set aside to prevent unintentional use.
4.3 Curing
4.3.1
Exposed surfaces, immediately shall be protected from the sun and rain in a manner
approved by consultant.
4.3.2 All concrete after it has set, shall be kept continuously damp until thoroughly cured.
Provision shall be made for adequate water distribution to all part of the works, so that if
required, this treatment can be continued efficiently throughout the whole period of
construction.
4.3.3
In order to keep the concrete continuously damped, all exposed surfaces shall be
covered with gunny bags or shall have water impounded on them for the full period of curing
which shall be not less than 7 days.
5.0 Quality Control Procedure
Inspection by SC will be carried out before casting, cube test sample will be take for 7 days,
14 days and 28 days. All test cubes will be cure in curing tank before carry out cube crushing
test. All cube test will be label with necessary data for identification.