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Fully-Differential Amplifiers Overview

This document discusses fully differential amplifiers. It begins with an overview of the requirements for fully differential amplifiers including high speed, matching, output swing and power. It then covers various circuit implementations including those using linear transistors, error amplifiers, source followers, and folded cascode configurations. The document provides examples of different fully differential amplifier designs and compares their performance. It concludes with an example design problem to verify the specifications of a proposed fully differential folded cascode amplifier.

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94 views46 pages

Fully-Differential Amplifiers Overview

This document discusses fully differential amplifiers. It begins with an overview of the requirements for fully differential amplifiers including high speed, matching, output swing and power. It then covers various circuit implementations including those using linear transistors, error amplifiers, source followers, and folded cascode configurations. The document provides examples of different fully differential amplifier designs and compares their performance. It concludes with an example design problem to verify the specifications of a proposed fully differential folded cascode amplifier.

Uploaded by

Anonymous CNAdoj
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Fully-differential

amplifiers
Willy Sansen
KULeuven, ESAT-MICAS
Leuven, Belgium
[Link]@[Link]
Willy Sansen

10-05

081

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

082

Single-stage OTA
VDD

VDD

VB1

VB1
M2

M1

iCirc

M3

M2

M1

vOUT

iCirc

VB2

M4

VSS

M3

M4

VSS
Willy Sansen

10-05

083

Simple CMOS fully-differential OTA


VDD
VB1

M5

Differential pair
No current mirror

GBW =
vIN+

M1

vOUTCL

2
M3

3 M2

VB2

vINvOUT+
CL

gm1
2 CL

Problem:
keep M1-4 in
saturation:

M4

VSS

Control VOUTCOM
Control IDS5
Willy Sansen

10-05

084

Simple CMOS fully-diff. OTA with CMFB - 1


VDD

M5

VB

IB
vIN+

M1

3 M2

vIN-

vOUTCL

vOUT+
2
M3

1
M4

CL

VSS
Control VOUTCOM, IDS5
Willy Sansen

10-05

085

Simple CMOS fully-diff. OTA withy CMFB - 2


VDD

M5

B2 : 1
5

vIN+

M1

vOUTCL

2
M3

3 M2

VB

vINvOUT+
1
M4

CL

VSS
Control VOUTCOM, IDS5
Willy Sansen

10-05

086

Common-mode feedback equivalent circuit


VDD

M5

B2 : 1
5
3

vINCM

M1,2

vOUTCM
VB
2
M3,4

VSS

CL

2
M5,6
1 : B1

Control VOUTCOM, IDS5


Willy Sansen

10-05

087

Common-mode feedback CMFB


Ad
vind

+ A
- +

voutd

CL

vinc

CL

Ac
+
+

CMFB in unity gain : CMRR = AvCM


Three tasks : 1. Measure the output voltages
2. Cancel out the differential signals
3. Close the CMFB loop
Willy Sansen

10-05

088

Requirements fully-differential amplifiers


High speed : GBWCM > GBWDM
Matching
Output swing limited by :
Output swing of differential-mode amp
Input range of common-mode amp
Low power PCM < PDM
Willy Sansen

10-05

089

Load capacitance ?
CF
CS

CF
CL

+
vIN

+-

-+

Gm
CS

CM

CS

+-

vOUT

Gm
-+

CS
CF

CF

Willy Sansen

10-05

0810

Load capacitance CIN


CF
CL
vIN

CM

CS

+
vOUT

CS
CF

Willy Sansen

10-05

0811

Load capacitance CINDM


CF
CL
vINDM

CS

+
vOUT

CM

CS
CF
CINDM = CM +

CF + CL + CS
2
Willy Sansen

10-05

0812

Load capacitance CINCM


CF
CL
vINCM

CM

CS

+
vOUT

CS
CF
CINCM = 2 (CF + CL + CS)

> CINDM

Willy Sansen

10-05

0813

GBWDM & GBWCM


IB

IB

v+

v-

v+

v-

CL

vOUT+
R

GBWDM =

vOUT- vOUT+

gm

2 2CL
CLCM = 0

2CL

GBWDM =

vOUT2CL

gm

2 2CL
CLCM = 4 CL
Willy Sansen

10-05

0814

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0815

CMFB amplifier with linear MOSTs


VDD
Vr1
CL

CL

M2

M1

Linear MOSTs:
VDS3 200 mV
IDS = VDS(VGS-VT)
gm3 = VDS3

GBWDM =

M3

VSS

GBWCM =

gm1
2 CL
gm3
2 CL

is always smaller !
Willy Sansen

10-05

0816

Fully-differential amp. with linear MOSTs


M5

B : 2

M7

Vbias
CL

VDD

: B

M5

Cancel diff. signals

M6
M1

CL

M4

M2
B:1

Linear MOSTs:
VDS5 200 mV

GBWDM = B
GBWCM =

gm1

2 CL
gm5

2 CL

M3
1:B

VSS

is always smaller !
even with M5 in wi !
Willy Sansen

10-05

0817

Fully-differential amp. with linear MOSTs

Linear MOSTs:
VDS3 200 mV
Ref. Choi, JSSC, Dec.83, 652-653
Willy Sansen

10-05

0818

Total amplifier schematic

[Link] etal, CICC 1997


Willy Sansen

10-05

0819

Fully-differential OTA with FF

850 MHz
1.2 m CMOS
F. Opt Eynde, Kluwer Ac. 1993
Willy Sansen

10-05

0820

Transconductor with C

DG compen.

VDS1 = RDID 0.2 V


IDS1 = 1VDS1(VGS1-VT)
gm1 = 1VDS1 is constant

Ref. Alini, JSSC, Dec.92, pp.1905-1915


Willy Sansen

10-05

0821

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0822

Fully-differential amplifier with resistive CMFB


IB
M1

vin1
vo1

M1

M2

vo2

Av = gm1 (R // ro )
ro = ro1//ro2
vin2

Linear resistors R
To cancel
differential signals
Willy Sansen

10-05

0823

Fully-diff. amp. with source followers: Diff. mode

GBWDM =
gm1
2 CL
CL= 4 pF
Ref. Banu, JSSC, Dec.88, 1410-1414
Willy Sansen

10-05

0824

Fully-diff. amp. with source followers: CM

Ca

GBWCM =
gm6
4 CL

Ra

fndCM =
4
2Ra(CGS6+Ca)
fz =
Ref. Banu, JSSC, Dec.88, 1410-1414

1
2RaCa

Willy Sansen

10-05

0825

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0826

Fully-diff amp. with error amplifier: Diff. mode

GBWDM =
Ref. Ribner, CICC 85; Haspeslagh, CICC 88

gm1
2 Cc

Willy Sansen

10-05

0827

Fully-diff amp. with error amp. : Common mode

Nonlinear !

GBWCM =
Ref. Ribner, CICC 85; Haspeslagh, CICC 88

gm58
4 Cc

Willy Sansen

10-05

0828

Class AB fully-differential amplifier

Ref. Lee, JSSC


Dec.85, 1103-1113
Willy Sansen

10-05

0829

Comparison
Criterion

Linear
MOST

GBWCM/GBWDM

< 0.1

>1

>1

Required tol.

<1%

<6%

<6%

[Link] swing 0.8 VDDSS


Is limited by
cascodes
Power dissipation 1 amp

Error amp Error amp.


Source foll. Quad amp.

0.4 VDDSS 0.4 VDDSS


source foll. cm input
3 amps

2 amps
Willy Sansen

10-05

0830

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0831

Fully-differential amplifier with gain boosting

Willy Sansen

10-05

0832

Low-voltage (1.1 V) DIDO

Gata, JSSC Dec.02


1670-1678
Willy Sansen

10-05

0833

Linear CM amplifier

VoutCM = VDC + VGS7

Ref. Hernandez, JSSC


Aug.05, 1610-1617
Willy Sansen

10-05

0834

[Link]. with separate linear [Link]

Av = 0.3

Linear MOSTs
24 MHz/ 3 pF

3 V/ 5 mA

IDS1 = 0.25 mA Comp 4 k/ 2 pF > 20 MHz

Ref. Pasch, AICSP, 2000


Willy Sansen

10-05

0835

CMFB over 2 or more amplifiers


CL1
+
vIN

+-

-+

CL2
+-

CM

vOUT1

vOUT2

CM

-+

CL1

CL2
vCM

Efficient use of 2nd amplifier !


Ref. Mohieldin, JSSC April 2003, 663-668
Willy Sansen

10-05

0836

CMFB over 2 pseudo-differential amps


vCM

vCM

M5
M6
M7

CL

M1

M4

M3

M2
B

CL

B
Willy Sansen

10-05

0837

Fully-differential amplifier with SC CMFB

Willy Sansen

10-05

0838

Fully-differential amp. with SC CMFB : 1


Switches
1H closed
gives CMFB
and
precharge C

Willy Sansen

10-05

0839

Fully-differential amp. with SC CMFB : 2

Switches
2H closed
gives CMFB
and
precharge C
Willy Sansen

10-05

0840

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0841

Fully-differental folded cascode with source foll.


1 :

M4

M5

CL
2

IB1
Vr1

M3 +

Vr1

M1

M4

5
M3

M5

M4

CL
2

M7

Vr2
1

M6
M6

M2

Ra

VDD

Ra
3

IB2
VSS

Willy Sansen

10-05

0842

Fully-diff. amp. : Specifications


Techn: CMOS

Specs:

Verify:

Lmin = 0.8 m ; VT = 0.7 V


K'n = 60 A/V2 & K'p = 30 A/V2
VEn = 4 V/m & VEp = 6 V/m

GBWDM = 10 MHz CL = 3 pF
GBWCM = 20 MHz
all PM > 70o
VDD/VSS = 1.5 V
Maximum Vswingptp = Voutmax - Voutmin
Minimum Itot
Slew Rate, Noise, ...
Willy Sansen

10-05

0843

Fully-diff. folded cascode in BICMOS


1 :

M4

M5

CL
2

IB1
Vr1

M3 +

Vr1

M1

M4

5
M3

M5

M4

CL
2

M7

Vr2
1

M6
M6

M2

Ra

VDD

Ra
3

IB2
VSS

Willy Sansen

10-05

0844

Fully-diff. amp. : Specifications


Techn: BICMOS

Specs:

Verify:

Lmin = 0.8 m ; VT = 0.7 V


K'n = 60 A/V2 & K'p = 30 A/V2
VEn = 4 V/m & VEp = 6 V/m
fTn = 12 GHz & fTp = 4 GHz

GBWDM = 10 MHz CL = 3 pF
GBWCM = 20 MHz
all PM > 70o
VDD/VSS = 1.5 V
Maximum Vswingptp = Voutmax - Voutmin
Minimum Itot
Slew Rate, Noise, ...
Willy Sansen

10-05

0845

Table of contents

Requirements
Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs
FDAs with error amp.& source followers
Folded cascode OTA without SFs
Other fully-differential amps
Exercise

Willy Sansen

10-05

0846

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