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Pulse Modulation Techniques Overview

This document discusses and compares different pulse modulation techniques: pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse width modulation (PWM), and pulse position modulation (PPM). It also discusses frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM). PAM has high bandwidth requirements and noise, while PWM and PPM have constant amplitude to reduce noise. TDM uses time separation of signals instead of filtering, making it simpler than FDM and without crosstalk. TDM also only requires the bandwidth of the original signals.

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Allanki Sanyasi Rao
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36 views5 pages

Pulse Modulation Techniques Overview

This document discusses and compares different pulse modulation techniques: pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse width modulation (PWM), and pulse position modulation (PPM). It also discusses frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM). PAM has high bandwidth requirements and noise, while PWM and PPM have constant amplitude to reduce noise. TDM uses time separation of signals instead of filtering, making it simpler than FDM and without crosstalk. TDM also only requires the bandwidth of the original signals.

Uploaded by

Allanki Sanyasi Rao
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PULSE MODULATION

Disadvantages of PAM:
(1) The BW required for transmission of a PAM signal is very large as compared to the maximum
frequency present in the modulating signal.
(ii) As the amplitude of the carrier pulses is varied according to the amplitude of the modulating
signal, noise is maximum in the PAM wave.
(iii) As the amplitude of the PAM signal is varied, this also varies peak power required by the
transmitter.

Pulse Width Modulation

Advantages of PWM:
(i) Noise is less in PWM as the amplitude is kept constant. Note that PAM is noisy.
(ii) The signal and noise separation is easy.
(iii) The PWM does not require synchronization between transmitter and receiver.

Disadvantages:
(i) Large BW is required for PWM communication as compared to PAM.
(ii) The transmitter should be able to handle more power (equal to the power of the maximum width
pulse).

Pulse Position Modulation

Advantages of PPM:
(1) As the amplitude and width is kept constant, the transmitter handles constant power. As
amplitude is constant, It is less noisy.
(2) The signal and noise separation is easy.
(3) Due to constant pulse width and amplitude the transmitted power for each pulse is same.
Disadvantages:
(i) It needs synchronization between transmitter and receiver.
(ii) Large B.W. is required as compared to PAM.

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

The TDM is supposed to be superior in the following aspects:


(i) TDM instrumentation is simpler, whereas FDM requires modulators, filters and demodulators;
these are all replaced by the commutator and distributors of TDM. TDM synchronisation is but
slightly more demanding than that of FDM with suppressed carrier Modulation.

(ii) TDM is invulnerable to the usual sources of FDM inter channel cross talk. In fact, there is no
crosstalk in TDM, if the pulses are completely isolated and non-overlapping, (Since message
information or modulating signal separation is achieved by decommutation, or gating in time, rather
by filtering).
(iii) In order to reduce cross talk, the TDM system is provided with guard time between pulses,
analogous to the guard band in FDM. Thus, a practical TDM system will have both guard times and
guard bands, the former to suppress crosstalk, the latter to facilitate message reconstruction with
practical filters.
(iv) One more point regarding the band width requirement for TDM system, to multiplexing n
signals, each band limited to fm requires a band width of fm Hz and if modulated by the carrier,
the band width becomes 2flfm Hz. Now if the n signals are multiplexed in FDM, using a single
side band (SSB) technique, the band width is Thus TDM system using PAM (Pulse Amplitude
modulation) signals has the same band width as AM-SSB systems. Similarly if AM-DSB technique
is used for sending n signals, the band width is 2flfmi which is the same as required for PAM/AM
systems.
TDM systems are being used more commonly in long distance telephone communications. TDM
and FDM technique are together used in radio telemetry. Note that Radio telemetry is used for
measurements on distant objects.

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