Acharya Polytechnic
Parametric Modelling Lab
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Acharya Polytechnic
Parametric Modelling Lab
Drawing:
A drawing is a graphic representation of an object, or a part of it, and is the result of
creative thought by an engineer or technician.
Machine Drawing:
It is the drawing pertaining to machine parts or components. It is presented through a
number of orthographic views, so that the size and shape of the component is fully
understood. Part drawings and assembly drawings belong to this classification. An
example of a machine drawing is given in Fig. 1.1.
Part Drawing:
Component or part drawing is a detailed drawing of a component to facilitate its
manufacture. All the principles of orthographic projection and the technique of graphic
representation must be followed to communicate the details in a part drawing. A part
drawing with production details is rightly called as a production drawing or working
drawing.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Assembly Drawing:
A drawing that shows the various parts of a machine in their correct working locations is
an assembly drawing (Fig. 1.2)
Fig. 1.2 Assembly Drawing
Multi-View Drawing:
A multiview drawing refers to a drawing that has the top view, side view, and front view of
the particular object it is representing. The purpose of a multiview drawing is to represent
a three dimensional object on a two dimensional sheet of paper or in a two dimensional
drawing space.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Acharya Polytechnic
Parametric Modelling Lab
Projection System:
A projection is defined as a representation of an object on a two dimensional plane. A
projection is called orthographic projection when the point of sight is imagined to be
located at infinity so that the rays of sight are parallel to each other and intersect the
plane of projection at right angle to it.
Principle of first angle projection:
In first angle projection, the object is imagined to be positioned in the first quadrant. The
view from the front of the object is obtained by looking at the object from the right side of
the quadrant and tracing in correct sequence.
Visualizing a Multi view Drawing:
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Orthographic Projection:
It is the Projection of points at 90 degrees to a parallel projection plane.
Object Suspended in a Glass Box to Produce 6 Principal Views:
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Parametric Modelling Lab
U.S. Standard for the Arrangement of the Six Principal Views:
Sectional View:
A sectional view is obtained by imagining the object, as if cut by a cutting plane and the
portion between the observer and the section plane being removed.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Full section View:
A sectional view obtained by assuming that the object is completely cut by a plane is
called a full section or sectional view.
Half Section view:
A half sectional view is preferred for symmetrical objects. For a half section, the cutting
plane removes only one quarter of an object.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Acharya Polytechnic
Parametric Modelling Lab
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Acharya Polytechnic
Parametric Modelling Lab
Parametric Modeling:
Parametric modeling uses parameters to define a model. Examples of parameters are
dimensions used to create model features, material density, formulas to describe swept
features, imported data (that describe a reference surface).
The parameter may be modified later, and the model will update to reflect the
modification. Typically, there is a relationship between parts, assemblies, and drawings. A
part consists of multiple features, and an assembly consists of multiple parts. Drawings
can be made from either parts or assemblies.
Parametric Modeling Software:
The parametric nature of a software package is defined as its ability to use the standard
properties or parameters in defining the shape and size of a geometry. The main function
of this property is to transform the selected geometry to a new shape or size without
considering its original dimension. We can change the shape and size of any feature at
any stage of design process. This property makes the designing process very easy.
Various Parametric modeling softwares used in industries are:
1. CATIA
2. UNIGRAPHICS
3. PRO/E
4. SOLID WORKS
5. SOLID EDGE
6. INVENTOR PROFESSIONAL
7. TURBO CAD
8. AUTODESK
Constraints:
Constraints are the logical operations that are performed on the selected element to
define its size and location with respect to other elements or reference geometry.
There are two types of constraints:
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
1. Geometric constraints: These are the logical operations performed on the
sketched elements to define their size and position with respect to other elements.
2. Assembly constraints: These are the logical operations performed to restrict
the degrees of freedom of a component and to define its precise location and
position with respect to the other elements in the assembly.
Need for constraints:
By constraining elements in a sketch we can restrict their degrees of freedom in order to
make them more stable. The stability ensures that the size, shape and location of the
sketches do not change unexpectedly, with respect to the surrounding. It is always
recommended to constrain the sketches so that all their degrees of freedom are
restricted.
Concept of Constrained Sketches:
Generally, after drawing the sketch and applying the constraints, the sketch can exist in
any one of the following five states:
1. Iso-Constraint: It is also known as fully constrained sketch. It is the one in
which all degrees of freedom, of each element, are defined using the geometric
and dimensional constraints.
2. Under-Constraint: An Under-Constrained sketch is one in which all degrees of
freedom, of each entity are not completely defined using constraints. These
sketches tend to change their position, shape and size unexpectedly.
3.
Over-Constraint: An Over-Constrained sketch is the one in which some extra
constraints are applied. It is always recommended to delete extra constraints and
make the sketch iso-constrained before exiting Sketcher environment.
4. Inconsistent: The Inconsistent stage of the sketch occurs when a change is
made to the sketch, but the its current geometry cannot accommodate that
change.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
INTRODUCTION TO SOLID EDGE
Solid Edge is 3D CAD parametric featured modeling software. It provides solid modeling, drafting
and assembly modeling functionality for mechanical engineers, designers and drafters.
Solid Edge contains four workbenches on which solid models are made. They are
1. Part Modeling
2. Assembly Modeling
3. Sheet Metal
4. Drafting
Part Modeling:
The solid part modeling environment allows the user to construct 3D solid model with true
features. The part modeling process starts with a base features such as a block on a cylinder
which can be built upon with part features to create a part model. Part features include
protrusion, cutout, holes, ribs, thin walled solids, round draft angles and chamfers. The user can
also construct rectangular and circular feature pattern and mirror copies.
Assembly Modeling:
Solid Edge can manage large complex assembly containing many parts and sub-assemblies. The
assembly environment commands for fitting parts together with natural assembly techniques
such as mate and align.
Sheet Metal:
Solid Edge has a separate sheet metal part modeling environment to better accommodate the
unique requirements of sheet metal parts. Similar to part environment, the sheet metal modeling
process starts with a base feature which can be built upon with additional features. The base
feature can be a flat section of include one or more bends. The added features can be flat
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
section, simple or complex flanges. When completed the sheet metal parts can be quickly
flattened using industry standard formulas or custom programs.
Solid Edge Display:
Solid edge displays the tool features on the left of the screen with edge bar which shows the
steps involved. The center of the screen has three planes perpendicular to each other. They are
1. Top plane ( X-Z plane)
2. Right plane ( Y-Z plane)
3. Front plane ( Z-X plane)
The menu bar contains the tools for zooming, fit, saving the files and also has solid edge setting
tools.
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Parametric Modelling Lab
2-D Drawing Commands:
2-D drawing commands are those commands or tools which are used for drawing 2-dimensional
sketches on the plane selected.
Sketch: It is a 2-dimensional tool used for selecting the planes ( front, top and right ) for
drawing sketch for the use of solid modeling.
The 2-D drawing commands are as follows:
1. Line: Draws a continuous series of lines and arcs that can be perpendicular or tangent to
each other. You can create an open or closed shape by drawing lines and arcs in any
combination. The last point of the line or arc is the first point of the next line or arc.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
This command starts in line mode by default. If you want to start by drawing an arc, press the
A key on the keyboard, or click the Arc button on the ribbon bar. You can switch from line
mode to arc mode as you draw using the L and A keys, or the Line and Arc buttons on the
ribbon bar.
2. Curve: Draws a smooth curve by points. You can click and drag, or you can click several
edit points to define the curve. If you click to create edit points, you must define at least
three points when you create the curve. When you click and drag to create the curve, it will
have two edit points.
When you create a curve, edit points (A) and curve control vertex points (B) are created to
help you edit and control the shape of the curve.
3. Arc: Draws an arc tangent or perpendicular to one or two elements. The first point defines
one end of the arc. If you place the first point on a key point of an element you want the
arc to be tangent or perpendicular to, then the second point defines the sweep.
If you place the first point in free space, then this command works like the Arc by 3 Points
command. In this case the first point defines an end point. You can then either define a point on
the arc and then the end point, or the end point and then a point on the arc.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
4. Circle: Draws a circle using a center point and radius.
5. Rectangle: Draws a rectangle using three points. The first two points define the width
and rotation angle of the rectangle, and the third point defines the height. You can also
draw a square with this command.
The 2-D edit commands are as follows:
1. Fillet: Draws a fillet between two elements. The elements can be arcs, lines, circles,
ellipses, or curves.
2. Chamfer: Draws a chamfer, or bevel, between two linear elements. You can control the
chamfer angle and the setback distances for both elements.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
3. Smart Dimension: Places a dimension on any single element or between any two
elements. The dimension types available depend on the elements you select.
You can use Smart Dimension to place a dimension on the following single elements:
Length and angle of a line
Radius and diameter of a circle
Length, angle, radius, and diameter of an arc
4. Trim: Trims open and closed elements either to the closest intersection in both directions
or to the selected element.
5. Mirror: Mirrors one or more selected elements about a line or axis that you define. You
can mirror without copying, or mirror and copy.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Acharya Polytechnic
Parametric Modelling Lab
Constraints Tools Bar:
These commands are used for constraining an object so that the does not move and stay in a
fixed position while many operations are performed on it.
The tools used for constraining the object are as follows:
1. Connect: Connects two elements such that:
A keypoint of one element remains connected to a keypoint of another element.
For example, you can connect the endpoint of one element to the endpoint of
another element.
A keypoint of one element remains connected to any point along another element.
For example, you can connect the endpoint of one element to a random location on
another element.
2. Parallel: This is a command used for making two lines parallel when they are not parallel.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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3. Concentric: Makes an arc or circle concentric with another arc or circle.
4. Perpendicular: Makes two elements perpendicular. You can make two lines, a line and
an arc, or a line and a circle perpendicular.
5. Tangent: Makes two elements tangent. For example, you apply a tangent relationship at
the endpoint between a line and an arc.
6. Equal: Makes elements equal. You can apply the equal relationship to the lengths of lines
and the radii of arcs and circles.
7. Symmetric: Makes elements symmetric about an axis. The characteristics of the
elements on each side of the axis, such as size and position, are maintained by the
symmetric relationship. You can select a line to use as a symmetry axis when you use this
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
command, or you can activate a line to use as a symmetry axis with the Set Symmetry Axis
command.
3-D Drawing Commands:
1. Protrusion: It is a 3D drawing command which is used for producing a solid object from a
2D drawing. The protrusion of an object can be made for any dimension.
The types of protrusion are as follows:
i) Revolved Protrusion: It is used for producing round objects such as rings, bushes
and can also be used for making spherical objects.
ii) Swept Protrusion: It is a tool used for producing arc like structures and elbow
connections.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
iii) Lofted Protrusion: It is a tool used for producing pyramid like structures and object
having inclined lateral surfaces such as cone.
2. Cutout: It is a 3D drawing command used for removing material from a protruded object
to create a cavity in an object.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
3. Hole: Constructs one or more holes. You can use the Hole command to construct simple,
threaded, tapered, counter bored, and countersunk holes.
4. Threads: It is a command used to create external and internal threads in the parts.
5. Rib: This command is used for creating supporting structures like diagonal rib in L-section.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
6. Round: Rounds the edges of a part. You can use a constant rounding radius, a variable
radius, or a combination of the two. You can also create a blend between edges, faces, or a
combination of the two.
Rounding and Blending:
Rounding allows you to replace a model's sharp edges with a smooth, rounded surface to
improve its appearance or function. Rounding is edge-based, which means you can only
round edges.
Cap Sharp Edges: The Cap Sharp Edges option modifies the blend to roll along sharp edges,
keeping the original edge intact.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Model 1
Procedure for creating the model:
1. Open Solid Edge software and click on solid part icon.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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2. Click on Protrusion command and select Front(X-Z) plane to draw the profile of the given
model.
3. Using line tool draw the profile of the given model as shown in the figure. Makw sure that
the sketch is fully constrained.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
4. After finishing the sketch click on the return button.
5. Enter the thickness of the part as shown in figure and click finish.
6. Click on cutout command and select top portion of the part.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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7. Draw two rectangles of width 80mm and height 10mm to select the portion to be cut.
8. Click Return button and cut the unwanted portion as shown in the figure.
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9. Click on the finish button to complete the model.
10. Save the model by giving suitable filename.
Signature of Lab In charge:
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
Date:
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Model 2
Signature of Lab In charge:
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
Date:
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Model 3
Signature of Lab In charge:
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
Date:
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Model 4
Signature of Lab In charge:
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Date:
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Model 5
Signature of Lab In charge:
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Model 6
Signature of Lab In charge:
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Model 7
Signature of Lab In charge:
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Model 8
Signature of Lab In charge:
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Date:
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Model 9
Signature of Lab In charge:
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
Date:
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Model 10
Model 11
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Model 12
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Assembly Model 1
Assemble all parts of the screw jack, shown in Figure and generate the following views:
(i) Half sectional view from the front, and
(ii ) View from above
(iii) Isometric View.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Signature of Lab In charge:
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
Date:
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Assembly Model 2
Assemble the parts of the Plummer block, shown in Figure and generate the
following views:
(i) Half sectional view from the front, with left half in section, and
(ii ) View from above.
(iii) Isometric View.
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Signature of Lab In charge:
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
Date:
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Assembly Model 3
Assemble the parts of the Muff Coupling, shown in Figure and generate the
following views:
(i) View from right side.
(ii ) View from above.
(iii) Isometric View.
Take D=25 mm, W=8 mm, T=7 mm.
Signature of Lab In charge:
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
Date:
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Hexagonal Headed Nut and Bolt
Draw the three views of an ISO threaded hexagonal bolt 100 mm long, 20 mm dia
and hexagonal nut assembly in the axis horizontal position. Indicate all proportions
and actual dimensions.
Signature of Lab In charge:
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
Date:
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Scheme of Examination
Sl no
1
Questions
Create the model and drawing views(any 3) along with
dimensions and annotations as per sketch given
Marks
30
OR
Create the model and drawing views(any 3) along with
dimensions and annotations using equations
30
Create the assembly model and drawing with dimension,
BOM, Balloons- as per the given sketch
50
Viva
20
Total
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Parametric Modelling Lab
Praveen Kumar H.G, Lecturer, Department of Automobile Engineering
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Acharya Polytechnic
Parametric Modelling Lab
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Parametric Modelling Lab
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