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Understanding Correlation in Statistics

This document discusses quantitative variables, correlation, and relationships between variables. It defines explanatory and response variables, and discusses using scatterplots to examine the linear relationship between two quantitative variables plotted on the x and y-axis. It describes how to interpret scatterplots to determine if points follow a linear pattern, the strength of the relationship, and presence of outliers. Correlation coefficients range from -1 to 1 and measure the strength and direction of linear relationships, with values closer to 0 indicating a weaker relationship. While correlation determines association, it does not necessarily imply causation between variables.

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Adam Glassner
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6 views2 pages

Understanding Correlation in Statistics

This document discusses quantitative variables, correlation, and relationships between variables. It defines explanatory and response variables, and discusses using scatterplots to examine the linear relationship between two quantitative variables plotted on the x and y-axis. It describes how to interpret scatterplots to determine if points follow a linear pattern, the strength of the relationship, and presence of outliers. Correlation coefficients range from -1 to 1 and measure the strength and direction of linear relationships, with values closer to 0 indicating a weaker relationship. While correlation determines association, it does not necessarily imply causation between variables.

Uploaded by

Adam Glassner
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 6

Saturday, September 13, 2014

10:42 AM

Quantitative - data in numbers


Response - measurement an outcome of study
explanatory - explains values of response
Pretest - explanatory
response - post test
predict or focus - response variable

Homework

scatterplot - graphing two quantitative variables


x-axis - explanatory
y-axis - response
overall pattern
form is the plot linear? - points fallow rougly the line
is the plot curved?
is there a distinct pattern?
strength - do the points follow closely to the trend?
plots close to line - strong
points farther from line - strength is less
correlation - number used to summarize strength

direction are the points increasing or decreasing


positively associated - increasing
negative association - decreasing
outilers - are there points outside the general pattern
are there outliers
correlation coefficient - measures strength of linear relationship

Correlation = 0 no linear relationship


Positive - positive association
Negative - negative association
Closer correlation is to 0 - weaker the relationship is
Anything greater than .8 - strong
.5-.7 is moderate
Closer the value to 0, weaker
R ranges from -1 to 1
r = 1 straight increasing line
r = -1 straigt decreasing line
Changing scale of x or y will not change r

Subtract mean for each number


divide by standard deviation is standardizing
N - sample size
Jmp easily outputs correlation
Homework - give different pieces

get standard deviation of both variables

relationship between two variables - one isn't causing the other to happen
association does not mean that changes in the explanatory variable cause changes in the response variable
Stat 101 Page 1

JMP
Printout

association does not mean that changes in the explanatory variable cause changes in the response variable
association does not imply causation
lurking variable
temperature can be a lurking variable
- when it's hotter out, people usually eat more ice cream and can tend go out more

Stat 101 Page 2

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