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Common Laboratory Values Reference Guide

This document provides reference values and information for common laboratory tests including complete blood count (CBC), differential count, absolute neutrophil count, bleeding screen, urinalysis, and electrolytes. It lists the normal ranges, general functions and clinical significance of abnormal results for each test. For example, the CBC measures components of blood like hemoglobin, red blood cells and white blood cells. Abnormal CBC results can indicate conditions like anemia or infection. The urinalysis evaluates properties of urine to detect issues with the kidneys or other body systems.

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Putri Agustin Mere
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6 views1 page

Common Laboratory Values Reference Guide

This document provides reference values and information for common laboratory tests including complete blood count (CBC), differential count, absolute neutrophil count, bleeding screen, urinalysis, and electrolytes. It lists the normal ranges, general functions and clinical significance of abnormal results for each test. For example, the CBC measures components of blood like hemoglobin, red blood cells and white blood cells. Abnormal CBC results can indicate conditions like anemia or infection. The urinalysis evaluates properties of urine to detect issues with the kidneys or other body systems.

Uploaded by

Putri Agustin Mere
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

REFERENCE MANUAL

V 36 / NO 6

14 / 15

Common Laboratory Values


CBC
Test

Normal value

Function

Significance

Hemoglobin

12-18 g/100 mL

Measures oxygen carrying capacity


of blood

Low: hemorrhage, anemia


High: polycythemia

Hematocrit

35%-50%

Measures relative volume of cells


and plasma in blood

Low: hemorrhage, anemia


High: polycythemia, dehydration

Red blood cell

4-6 million/mm3

Measures oxygen-carrying capacity


of blood

Low: hemorrhage, anemia


High: polycythemia, heart disease, pulmonary disease

White blood cell


Infant
4-7 y
8-18 y

8,000-15,000/mm3
6,000-15,000/mm3
4,500-13,500/mm3

Measures host defense against


inflammatory agents

Low: aplastic anemia, drug toxicity, specific infections


High: inflammation, trauma, toxicity, leukemia

Test

Normal value

Significance

Neutrophils

54%-62%

Increase in bacterial infections, hemorrhage, diabetic acidosis

Lymphocytes

25%-30%

Viral and bacterial infections, acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, antigen reaction

Eosinophils

1%-3%

Increase in parasitic and allergic conditions, blood dyscrasias, pernicious anemia

Basophils

1%

Increase in types of blood dyscrasias

Monocytes

0%-9%

Hodgkins disease, lipid storage disease, recovery from severe infections, monocytic leukemia

Diffential Count

Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)


Calculation

Normal value

Significance

(% Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes + % Bands) x Total White Cell Count


100

>1500

<1000 Patient at increased risk for infection;


defer elective dental care

Bleeding Screen
Test

Normal value

Function

Significance

Prothrombin
time

1-18 sec

Measures extrinsic clotting of blood

Prolonged in liver disease, impaired Vitamin K production,


surgical trauma with blood loss

Partial thromboplastin time

By laboratory control

Measures intrinsic clotting of blood,


congenital clotting disorders

Prolonged in hemophilia A, B, and C and Von Willebrands


disease

Platelets

140,000-340,000/mL

Measures clotting potential

Increased in polycythemia, leukemia, severe hemorrhage;


decreased in thrombocytopenia purpura

Bleeding time

1-6 min

Measures quality of platelets

Prolonged in thrombocytopenia

International
Normalized
Ratio (INR)

Without anticoagulant
therapy: 1; Anticoagulant
therapy target range: 2-3

Measures extrinsic clotting


function

Increased with anticoagulant therapy

Test

Normal value

Function

Volume

1,000-2,000 mL/day

Specific gravity

1.015-1.025

Measures the degree of tubular


reabsorption and dehydration

Increased in diabetes mellitus; decreased in acute nephritis,


diabetes insipidus, aldosteronism

pH

6-8

Reflects acidosis and alkalosis

Acidic: diabetes, acidosis, prolonged fever


Alkaline: urinary tract infection, alkalosis

Casts

1-2 per high power field

Test

Normal value

Sodium (Na)

135-147 mEq

Increased in Crushings syndrome

Potassium (K)

3.5-5 mEq

Increased in tissue breakdown

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

24-30 mEq

Chloride (Cl)

100-106 mEq

Urinalysis
Significance
Increased in diabetes mellitus, chronic nephritis

Renal tubule degeneration occurring in cardiac failure,


pregnancy, and hemogobinuric-nephrosis

Electrolytes

400

RESOURCE SEC TION

Function

Significance

Reflects acid-base balance


Increased in renal disease and hypertension

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