EE318, Electronic Design Lab Report, EE Dept, IIT Bombay, April 2006
SMS over PSTN Using DTMF Signaling
Batch - B5
N Praneeth Kumar (03007033) <praneeth@[Link]>
Srikanth Mallepula (03007034) <srikanthm@[Link]>
Rajasekhar Reddy S (03007036) <rsekhar@[Link]>
Supervisors: Abhay Karandikar and L. R. Subramanian
Course Instructor: Prof. [Link]
Abstract
In the past decade, Short Service Message (SMS) has become very popular. The
usefulness of SMS lies in the fact that the user can view the message at his convenience.
Until now, SMS has been confined only to wireless mobile communication. There is an
increasing need to add SMS capability to landline phones that work on Public Switching
Telephone Network (PSTN). In this report, we present how that can be achieved using a
microcontroller (89C52) and a DTMF Transceiver IC (CMX860). We used JHD162A
(Intelligent LCD) to display the message. We used TEA1062A IC as hybrid to interface
the 2-wire telephone line to 4-lines of CMX860 IC.
Introduction
Telephone lines are capable of carrying signals in the bandwidth of 0 to 4 kHz. It
is possible to send digital data (binary) by using just two frequencies. We are using
1300 Hz for 1 and 2100 Hz for 0. We propose to store the data in digital form in the
RAM of microcontroller and send it to the SMS server over the telephone lines.
The project can be divided into three parts, namely
(a). Message input, display and storage
(b). Interfacing microcontroller with DTMF transceiver for message transmission
and reception
(c). Interfacing 4-line transmission and reception of DTMF transceiver with 2 wire
telephone lines
The block diagram of the project is shown in Fig. 1
A relay is used between telephone lines and the telephone. Microcontroller controls the
relay and it disconnects the telephone from the telephone line if the incoming signal is
detected as message. So the telephone rings for sometime before deciding if the incoming
signal is a message or a voice call.
a) Message input, display and storage:This part includes a keyboard to input the message and the destination number
and intelligent LCD to display the message. Both the keyboard and LCD are controlled
by the microcontroller, AT89C52. External interrupt 0 is used to indicate the pressing of
a key. Port 1 is interfaced to keyboard and Port 2 is interfaced to LCD. The message
typed is simultaneously displayed on the LCD and stored as ASCII values in the RAM of
the microcontroller. The destination telephone number to which message is to be sent is
also stored as part of the message. The service centre to which the message along with
the destination number is to be sent is fixed.
b) Transmission and reception of message:The message stored in ASCII form is transmitted serially by FSK using
Telephone signaling transceiver IC (CMX 860). The IC operates with 11.0592MHz
oscillator crystal. It needs two DC supplies, one for digital signal level (DVdd) and
another for analog signal level (AVdd), that is transmitted and received on the telephone
lines. The correct operation of the IC can be checked from the voltage at pin 15 (Vbias)
which will be approximately at DVdd/2 except in power save mode. The IC is controlled
by the microcontroller. The IC has serial interface with the microcontroller. The serial
interface of the microcontroller operates in synchronous mode. The frequency of the
serial clock is 1MHz. Whenever data transfer begins, the IC select pin (CSN-pin 23) is
taken low and is kept low till the completion of the data transfer. The interrupt pin
(IRQN-pin 27) is connected to external interrupt 1 of the microcontroller. When the
message and the destination number are given, the microcontroller first gives command
to CMX 860 to dial the number corresponding to the service centre, which is fixed using
DTMF tones. Then, the IC is programmed by microcontroller to operate in FSK
transmission mode. The IC then transmits continuous 1s for some time (<65ms) on the
line to make sure that the communication to the service center is established. Each ASCII
byte of the message is transmitted serially from the microcontroller to the IC. The IC
transmits the input byte on its output lines using FSK (Frequency Switched Keying). A
start bit and stop bit are added to each byte. No parity bit is added. The frequency
corresponding to 0 is 2100Hz and that corresponding to 1 is 1300Hz. The baud rate of
3
transmission is 1200bps. After the end of transmission of the message, the IC transmits
continuous 1s for some time (>65ms) to indicate the end of the data transfer. The IC then
disconnects from the line.
When the service center transmits a message, it first dials the destination
telephone number. The destination telephone rings. The ring detector circuit connected to
the IC CMX860 will cause an interrupt to occur at the pin IRQN which is connected to
the external interrupt 1 of the microcontroller. The microcontroller programs the IC in
FSK demodulator mode. If there are continuous 1s on the line, the incoming call is a
message transfer and the relay is disabled. Otherwise, the incoming call is a voice call
and the telephone is allowed to ring. If the incoming signal is a message call, it programs
the IC in start-stop mode and waits for data to arrive. If the data doesnt arrive in a
timeout (65ms), there is supposed to be an error in the transfer and the microcontroller
ignores the call and terminates the connection. The IC receives and transfers each byte to
the microcontroller. The IC operates in this mode till there are continuous 1s for some
time(65ms) or there is no signal on the line. After this is noted, the microcontroller
disables the receiver of the IC and displays the received message.
Fig. 2 External circuitry of CMX860 IC
c) Interfacing 4-line transmission and reception of DTMF transceiver with 2 wire
telephone lines
For this module TEA1062 is used for a low voltage FSK modulated signal transmission
circuit with the dialer interface. The TEA1062 is integrated circuit that performs all
speech and line interface functions required in fully electronic telephone sets. They
perform electronic switching between dialing and speech. It has DTMF signal input for
dialing. On Hook/Off Hook status of the dialing circuit is controlled by the relay drive
pin (RDRVN) of the IC CMX 860. When this is low, the telephone is off hook and when
it is high, it is on hook.
The circuit diagram of the line interfacing part is shown in fig 3. In this circuit, the signal
to be transmitted from the IC CMX 860 is input at MIC- and MIC+ (pins 6 and 7). The
MUTE input is kept high so that DTMF transmission also takes place through the CMX
IC only.
Fig. 3 Circuit diagram for telephone line interfacing part with TEA1062A
For adjusting gains for transmitted signal and receiving amplifier input of the line
interfacing circuit following parameters are chosen.
RVA = 39 k
R4 = 100 k
R6 = 110 k
R7 = 68 k
Zbal = 130 + (830 || 220 nF)
The algorithm executing at the microcontroller is given in next page.
Flow chart of the algorithm at the microcontroller:-
Start
Initialize CMX
860 and enable
interrupts
no interrupts
Do nothing
Int 0
Int 1
Disable
interrupts
Enable
interrupts
Message
input and
display
no
Message
Call?
Disable
interrupts
yes
no
Send?
Turn off the relay
yes
Program CMX to
transmit DTMF of
service center
Transmit
continuous 1s
from CMX
Receive data
no
Transmit data
serially by FSK
modulation
Finish?
yes
Store and
display data
Transmit
continuous 1s
from CMX
Enable
interrupts
Enable interrupts
3
3
Conclusions and Future Work
The work in part (a) is completed. The keys typed on the keyboard are
simultaneously stored in the RAM and displayed on the LCD. We are able to interface
CMX 860 to microcontroller. We are able to send and receive FSK modulated data from
the server (made by batch B8) using 4 line connection. We can extend this to telephone
lines by using a hybrid (device to convert two-wire signal to four-wire signal and vice-
versa). We have observed that the required level of anti-side tone suppression could not
be achieved using TEA1062A. So we are doing half duplex communication.
REFERENCES
1. Datasheet of CMX 860, Telephone Signaling Transceiver, CML Microcircuits,
October 2004.
2. Datasheet of JHD162A, LCD, Source: http:// [Link] and its
instruction manual.
3. Datasheet TEA1062; TEA1062A, Low Voltage transmission circuits with dialer
interface, Philips Semiconductors 1997 Sep 03.
4. Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, Architecture, Programming and
Applications, second edition, Thomson Delmar Learning, 1997.
5. Application notes on SMS on CML wire-line products CML Microcircuits,
December 2002.
6. ETSI ES 201 912 V1.2.1 ETSI standard for SMS transfer between a fixed
network and a service center