Perform a gage R&R study with multiple operators and one part
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The gage R&R tools in Minitab require multiple operators and multiple parts. Con
versely, Type 1 Gage Study in Minitab requires one operator and one part.
If you have multiple operators and one part, follow these instructions to assess
gage repeatability and reproducibility:
Arrange your data in stacked format, with Operator names in one column, and all
measurements in a separate column.
Choose Stat > ANOVA > General Linear Model > Fit General Linear Model.
In Responses, enter the column that contains your measurements, such as 'Measure
ments' .
In Factors, enter the column that contains your operator identifiers, such as 'O
perator'.
Click Random/Nest. In Factor type, chooseRandom for 'Operator'.
Click OK in each dialog box to run the analysis.
In the output, the Variance Component for Operator is the reproducibility varian
ce. The Variance Component for Error is the repeatability variance.
[Link] PortalStoreB
The %Contribution table can be convenient because all sources of variability add
up nicely to 100%. Example:
gage2
The %Study Variation table doesn t have the advantage of having all sources add up
nicely to 100%, but it has other positive attributes. Because standard deviatio
n is expressed in the same units as the process data, it can be used to form oth
er metrics, such as Study Variation (6*standard deviation), %Tolerance (if you e
nter in specification limits for your process), and %Process (if you enter in an
historical standard deviation). Of course, there are guidelines for levels of a
cceptability from AIAG as well:
If the Total Gage R&R contribution in the %Study Var column (% Tolerance, %Proce
ss) is:
Less than 10% - the measurement system is acceptable.
Between 10% and 30% - the measurement system is acceptable depending on the appl
ication, the cost of the measuring device, cost of repair, or other factors.
Greater than 30% - the measurement system is unacceptable and should be improved
.
If you are looking at the %Contribution column, the corresponding standards are:
Less than 1% - the measurement system is acceptable.
Between 1% and 9% - the measurement system is acceptable depending on the applic
ation, the cost of the measuring device, cost of repair, or other factors.
Greater than 9% - the measurement system is unacceptable and should be improved.
We field a lot of questions about %Tolerance as well. %Tolerance is just compar
ing estimates of variation (part-to-part, and total gage) to the spread of the t
olerance.
When you enter a tolerance, the output from your gage study will be exactly the
same as if you hadn't entered a tolerance, with the exception that your output w
ill now contain a %Tolerance column. Your results will still be accurate if you
don't put in a tolerance range; however, including the tolerance will provide y
ou more information.
For example, you could have a high percentage in %Study Var for part-to-part, an
d a high number of distinct categories. However, when you compare the variation
to your tolerance, it might show that in reference to your spec limits, the var
iation due to gage is high. The %Tolerance column may be more important to you
than the %Study Var column, since the %Tolerance is more specific to your produc
t and its spec limits.
Think of it this way: Your total variation comprises part-to-part and the gage (
Reproducibility and Repeatability). After adding a tolerance, we get to see wha
t percentage of variation really dominates within the tolerance bounds specified
. If the ratio between the Total Gage R&R and the tolerance is high (%Tolerance
>30%), that provides insight about the types of parts being selected. It s tellin
g us that the measurement tool cannot effectively decipher if the part is good o
r bad, because too much measurement system variation is showing up between speci
fications.
I hope the answers to these common questions help you next time you re doing Gage
R&R in Minitab!