Industrial
Valves
Module 1
Functions:
Start
& stop flow
Control flow rate
Controlling direction of flow
Relieving over pressure in pipeline or
equipment (human,piping,equipment safety)
Regulating system pressure
Types:
Valves can be divided into following main types
Isolation or block valves
Throttling or regulating valves
Non return valves
Pressure control valve
Isolation
valves
4
[Link] valve
A
sliding disk slide up and down in and out of
the flow
Uses
Fully open/closed
Non throttling
In frequent operation
Gate valve.
Gate Valve Operation
Application:
Oil
Gas
Air
Slurries
Steam
Corrosive
liquids
Vacuum
Cryogenic
8
Advantages
High
capacity
Tight shut off
Low cost
Little resistance to flow
Disadvantages
Poor
control
Can not be used for throttling
Cavitate at low pressure drop
10
Rising stem gate valve
Valve
threads are out of direct contact of fluid
11
Non rising stem gate valve
use at limited space
12
2. Ball valve
Valve
is operated by turning the ball a quarter
turn in clockwise & anti clockwise (open)
13
Ball valve:
14
Uses:
Fully
open/closed
Limited throttling
15
Application:
Gases
Liquids
High
temperatures
Slurries
16
Advantages
Low
cost
High capacity
Low leakage and maint.
Tight sealing with low torque
17
Disadvantages
Poor
throttling
Cavitation
18
[Link] valve
Plug
valves also called cocks, used where
quick shutoff is required.
19
Plug valve
20
Plug valve or Cock
21
Uses:
Start
and stop the flow
Can be used as three way valve due to multi
ports
22
Plug valve Applications
Gas
and liquid fuel
Water.
Extreme temperature flow
Boiler feed water.
Low Pressure Steam .
Corrosive Liquids and Gases
23
Diaphragm Valve:
Flexible diaphragm provide excellent leak tight
properties.
24
Uses:
Starting
and stopping flow
Moderate throttling
25
Application:
Gases
Corrosive
liquids
Sanitary handling of pharmaceutical and
foodstuff
Radioactive fluids
slurry
26
THROTTLING
(Regulating)
Valves
27
[Link] Valve:
A
conical plug moves in and out of the fluid
Uses
Throttling service/flow regulation
Frequent operation
28
Globe Valve
29
Globe Valve.
30
Globe Valve Ops.
31
Application:
Liquids
Gases
slurries
Vacuum
Cryogenic
Corrosive
substance
32
Advantages:
Efficient
throttling
Accurate flow control
33
Disadvantages:
High
pressure drop
More expensive than others
34
Tee pattern globe valve
35
Angle Pattern globe valve
36
[Link] Valve
Uses
accurate flow Cont.
Instrumentation
Gage
meter
37
Butterfly Valve:
A
disc shaped closure is
rotated through 90
degree for control
38
Butterfly Valve
Uses:
Throttling
Fully open/closed
Frequent operation
39
Application:
Gases
Liquids
Slurries
Granules
Sanitary
handling of pharmaceutical
Vacuum
40
Advantages:
Low
cost and maint.
High capacity
Good flow control
Low pressure drop
41
Disadvantages:
High
torque required for control
cavitations at lower flow
42
Non Return
Valves
43
Check Valve:
Prevent
in- line back flow
44
Swing check valve (liquids)
installed horizontal & vertical
45
Swing check valve Ops.
46
Piston check valves
47
Check valve (Ball)
48
Spilt disc check valve:
49
Spilt disc check valve
operation:
50
Lift check valve(For vapor)
51
Pressure Relief
valves
52
Pressure Relief Valves
Releases
excess pressure to protect system.
Use with Gases & liquid.
53
Type of Pressure Relief Valve
Safety
valve :Used with compressible gases .steam and air services .
Relief valve : Used in liquid systems. as pressure overspill devices .
54
Relief Valve for liquids)
55
Safety Valve (gases)
56
safety valves used on steam & Air
systems
57
58
Control Valves:
Used
to regulate flow i.e., vary flow by
opening and closing by certain percentage
59
Control Valves
Control
system normally consist of the
following components:
Control
valves.
Actuators.
Controllers.
Sensors.
60
61
62
Pressure/Temperature Rating:
Manufacturers
should list the temp. and
pressure rating of their valve
Rating will be unique to the specific valve
material including the type of seal and end
connection.
63
End Connection:
Threaded
ends are cheap but can be stripped
and leak
Welded end provide no leaks and are cheap
initially, but if there is a problem then valve
must be cut out,
Flanged ends are expensive but are the best
from installation and removal standpoint.
64
Valve Standards:
ANSI---American
National Standard Institute
API---American Petroleum Institute
ASME--- American Society Of Mechanical
Engineers
AWWA--- American Water Works Association
BSI---British Standard Institute
MSS Manufacturer Standardization society
NACENational Association Of Corrosion
Engineering
65
[Link] valve sizing equation
Q=Cv (P/G)1/2
2. Head Loss
h=KV2/2gc
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