multicast
In computer networking, multicast (one-to-many or many-to-many distribution[1]) is group
communication[2] where information is addressed to a group of destination computers
simultaneously. Multicast should not be confused with physical layer point-to-multipoint
communication.
Group communication may either be application layer multicast[2] or network assisted
multicast, where the latter makes it possible for the source to efficiently send to the group in a
single transmission. Copies are automatically created in other network elements, such as
routers, switches and cellular network base stations, but only to network segments that
currently contain members of the group.
Network assisted multicast may be implemented at the Internet layer using IP multicast,
which is often employed in Internet Protocol (IP) applications of streaming media, such as
Internet television scheduled content (but not media-on-demand) and multipoint
videoconferencing, but also for ghost distribution of backup disk images to multiple
computers simultaneously. In IP multicast the implementation of the multicast concept occurs
at the IP routing level, where routers create optimal distribution paths for datagrams sent to a
multicast destination address.