Questions on Logarithmic Functions and Indices
1.
a)
Solve the following equations:
2x
i) 3
= 1000
(Cambridge IGCSE A-Maths 0606/23, May/June 2012 P2 Q5)
ii) 362y-5/63y = 62y-1/216y+6
b)
4x / 25-x = 24x / 8x-3 (IGCSE Q)
c)
3x+1 + 32-x = 28
d)
23x = 8 + 23x 1 (SPM 2011 P1 Q7 @ pg 162)
e)
3x + 2 3x = 8/9
f)
162x-3 = 84x
g)
9(3n 1) = 27n (SPM 2007 P1 Q8 @ pg 58)
h)
3n 3 x 27n =243 (SPM 2009 P1 Q7 @ pg 110)
i)
2x + 4 2x + 3 = 1 (SPM 2005 P1 Q7 @ pg 5)
j)
82x-3 = 1/(4x + 2) (SPM 2006 P1 Q6 @ pg 31)
k)
27(32x + 4) = 1
2.
(i) Write 125 = 53 as a logarithmic equation
(IGCSE Q)
(SPM 2010 P1 Q7 @ pg 136)
(SPM 2008 P1 Q7 @ pg 83)
(SPM 2012 P1 Q7 @ pg 187)
(ii) Express logb32 = 5 in index form
(iii) Evaluate:
(a)
blogbx
(b) 10lg10
(c)
3.
eln x for x = 3
For each of the following equations, sketch on separate axes its graph, showing clearly
where the graph crosses the axis:
a)
y = ex
(2)
b)
y = log3 x
(2)
c)
y = 2-x
(2)
d)
y = log3 (-x)
(2)
4.
Solve the equations:
a)
logx 128 = 7
(2)
b)
log5 (7x -1) = 3
(3)
c)
log4 t = 6 logt 16 -1
(5)
5.
Solve
(a) logq 343 = 3
(2)
(b) log4 (5n + 9) = 3
(3)
(c) logm 4 + 8 log4 m = 6
(6)
(d) 2 log3 x 3x log3 x + 6x = 4
(5)
6.
Solve
(a) logx 125 = 3
(2)
(b) log4 (9y + 4) = 4
(3)
(c) 3 logp p = logp 9
(6)
7.
Given that f(x) = log5 3 + log5 6 + log5 9 + log5 12 + log5 15
a)
Show that f(x) = 6 log5 3 + 3 log5 2 + 1
(3)
b)
Solve f(x) = 1 + log5 x + log5 x2
(3)
8.
a) Given that log8 7 = m log2 7, find the value of m.
(2)
b) f(x) = 16x log9 10 12 log9 10 + 4x log3 x 3 log3 x
i)
Factorise f(x) completely
ii) Hence, solve f(x) = 0
9.
(3)
(3)
Solve the simultaneous equations:
(a) 2 log3 x + 3 log5 y = 7
log3 x log5 y = 1
(b) (Given that p q): logp q + 3 logq p = 4
(4)
pq = 81
(5)
(c) 3 log2 x + 4 log3 y = 10
log2 x log3 y = 1
10. Solve:
(6)
(a) logq 5 + 6 log5 q = 5
(4)
(b) log3 (5x + 12) + log3 x = 2
(5)
11. Given that log9 10 = k log3 10,
(a) find the value of k.
(2)
(b) Factorise completely
4x log3 x 3 log3 x + 16x log9 10 12 log9 10 (2)
(c) Hence, solve the equation
(5)
4x log3 x 3 log3 x + 16x log9 10 12 log9 10 = 0
12. Solve
(a) logp 343 = 3
(2)
(b) log6(11q 4) = 3
(2)
(c) 9 logr 3 = log3 r
(3)
(d) Show that
(3)
log5 3 + log5 6 + log5 9 + log5 12 + log5 +15 = 6 log5 3 + 3 log5 2 + 1
(e) Solve the equation
(3)
log5 3 + log5 6 + log5 9 + log5 12 + log5 +15 = 1 + log5 x + log5 x2
13. (a) Solve the equations
(i)
logx 343 = 3
(2)
(ii)
log9(4y 3) = 2
(2)
(b) Solve, to 3 significant figures, logq 5 + 6 log5 q = 5
(5)
(c) Show that x log2 x5 log2 x2 (5x 2) log2 x.
(2)
(d) Hence solve the equation x log2 x5 log2 x2 = 20x 8 (4)
14. (a) Solve the equations log4 2 = p
(1)
Given that log2 3 = k log4 3
(b) find the value of k
(d)
(2)
Show that
(4)
5x log4 x 2 log4 x 10x log2 3 + 4 log2 3 = log4 (x5x 2/320x 8)
(e)
Hence solve the equation
(4)
5x log4 x 2 log4 x 10x log2 3 + 4 log2 3 = 0
15. Solve
(a) logq 343 = 3
(2)
(b) log4(5n + 9) = 3
(3)
(c) logm 4 + 8 log4 m = 6
(6)
(d) 2 log3 x - 3x log3 x + 6x = 4
(5)
16. Solve
(a)
logp 243 = 5
(2)
(b)
log4 (3q + 4) = 3
(2)
f(x) = 2x logx 3 5 logx 9 x + 5
(c)
Find the value of a and the value of b so that
f(x) = (x 5)(a logx 3 b)
(d)
Hence solve the equation f(x) = 0
(3)
(3)
17. (a) Solve the equations
(i)
log5 625 = x
(2)
(ii)
log3(5y + 3) = 5
(2)
(b) (i)
(ii)
Factorise
5x ln x + 3 ln x 10x 6
Hence find the exact solution of the equation
5x ln x + 3 ln x 10x 6 = 0
(5)
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