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Energy Conversion Tables and Charts

This document contains information about energy conversion tables including units for pressure, heat, energy, calorific values, emissions, gas properties, and fuel comparisons. Conversion factors are provided between various units like kW, kcal, MJ, Btu, m3, gallons, and feet. Calorific values for fuels like natural gas, propane, butane, and oil are listed. Information on emissions from natural gas combustion and flammability and density properties of gases is also included.

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861 views4 pages

Energy Conversion Tables and Charts

This document contains information about energy conversion tables including units for pressure, heat, energy, calorific values, emissions, gas properties, and fuel comparisons. Conversion factors are provided between various units like kW, kcal, MJ, Btu, m3, gallons, and feet. Calorific values for fuels like natural gas, propane, butane, and oil are listed. Information on emissions from natural gas combustion and flammability and density properties of gases is also included.

Uploaded by

aecsuresh35
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Energy Conversion Tables and Information
  • Emissions and Other Gas Information
  • Fuel Comparison Tables

Energy Conversion Tables and

Information
Conversion Tables

Calorific Values
Fuel Comparison
Information

Other Gas Information

Emissions

Pressure

N/m

bar

mbar

mm wg

kPa/cm

1 N/m = 1 Pa
=

10-5

10-2

0.102*

1.02 x 10-5

1 bar =

105

1000

10200*

1.020

1 mbar =

100

10-3

10.2*

1.02

1 mm wg* =

9.81

9.81 x 10-5

0.0987
*

0.0001

10 mm wg* =

1mbar

Heat

kW

W = J/s

MJ/h

kcal/h

1000

3.6

860

0.001

3.6 x 10-3

0.86

0.2778

277.8

238.8

1.163 x 10-3

1.163

4.1868 x 10-3

kWh

MJ

J=Ws

kcal

3.6

6.6 x 106

860

0.2778

106

238.8

1J = 1 Ws =

2.778 x 10-7

10-6

2.388 x 10-4

1 kcal=

1.163 x 10-3 4.1868 x 10-6 4.1868 x 103

1 kW =
1 W = 1 J/s =
1 MJ/h =
1 kcal/h =
Energy
1 kWh =
1 MJ =

Calorific
Value

MJ/m3

kcal/m3

Btu/ft3

1
Thermie/1

1 MJ/m3 =

238.846

26.8392

2.38927 x
10-4

1 kcal/m3 =

0.0041868

0.11237

1.00034 x
10-6

1 Btu/ft3 =

0.0372589

8.89915

8.90216 x
10-6

1 Thermie/1 =

4.18538 x
103

9.99662 x
105

1.12332 x
105

Therms/UK Gal
5.54314 x
2.3208 x 104
=
106
Volume

m3/h

L/h

6.22884 x
105

5.545

UK gal/h

ft3/h

1 m3/h =

1000

220

35.3147

1 1/min =

0.06

60

0.22

2.119

1 ft3/s =

101.94

101938

2.24238 x 104

3600

1 UK Gal/s =

16.37

16366

3600

4.459 x 10-5

Top of page
Calorific Values
Commerical
19,900 Btu/lb net and 21,500 gross.
Propane
11,000 kcal/kg net and 11,900 gross.
Commercial
19,700 Btu/lb net and 21,200 gross.
Butane
10,900 kcal/kg net and 11,800 gross
UK Natural
Gas is
47.32 MJ/kg net and 52.41 MJ/kg gross.
typically
34.88 MJ/m3 net and 38.63 MJ/m3 gross.

Top of page
Emissions
For natural gas
100ppm NOx at 15%O2 equates to 171 mg/MJ th [netCV] or 205
mg/m3 at 15%O2 [NOx as NO2]
100ppm CO at 15%O2 equates to 104 mg/MJ th [netCV] or 125
mg/m3 at 15%O2
100ppm CH4 at 15%O2 equates to 59 mg/MJ th [netCV] or 71
mg/m3 at 15%O2
Concentration at reference conditions = Measured concentration x
[20.9% - (%O2Ref)] [20.9% - (%O2 actual)]
Note Boilers and furnaces are measured at 3% oxygen and gas
turbines at 15% oxygen.

Top of page

Other Gas Information


Net to gross heat inputs: the conversion factor varies by furl, for NG
it is 1.11 and for Propane is is 1.08.
Thus 60 kW gross NG is about 54kW net.
In addition an appliance at 80% gross efficiency will be about 88%
net efficiency.
Limits of Flammability NG = 4.5 to 15%
Propane = 2 to 10%
Butane = 1.8 - 9%
Specific heat of NG is about 1.86 kJ/kG per C whilst that of water is
about 4.18 kJ/kG per C.
Relative Density of NG is about 1.36m3/Kg [0.737 kg/m3] whilst that
of air is about 2.26 m3/kg. [SG about 0.6].
100 ft3 NG = 30 kW [30.4] or 1 m3 NG = 10 kW [10.7].
Taking NG as 1040 Btu/ft3 or 38.78 MJ/m3 gross.
Dewpoint of
59C for NG, 55C for LPG.
combustion products is
Theoretical
combustion air
9.76 for NG and 24 to 25 for LPG
requirements:
Stoichiometric dry flue
gas concentration of
11.9% for NG and 13.8 to 14% for LPG.
CO2

Top of page
Fuel Comparison Information
Grace C/Gas oil

Grade G oil

Propane

p/litre

p/kWh (p/th)

p/kWh (p/th)

P/kWh (p/th)

0.75 (20.94)

0.70 (20.57)

1.14 (33.50)

10

0.94 (27.55)

0.88 (25.71)

1.43 (41.87)

12

1.13 (33.18)

1.05 (30.85)

1.71 (50.25)

14

1.32 (38.71)

1.22 (35.75)

2.00 (58.62)

16

1.50 (43.96)

1.40 (41.03)

2.29 (66.99)

18

1.69 (49.53)

1.57 (46.01)

2.57 (75.37)

20

1.88 (55.10)

1.75 (51.29)

2.86 (83.74)

22

2.07 (60.07)

1.92 (56.27)

3.14 (92.12)

Fuel Price

1 therm = 29.31
kWh

1 litre Gas Oil = 10.6


kWh

1 litre Grade G oil =


11.4 kWh

1 litre propane = 7 1 tonne propane =


kWh
19,900kWh

Energy Conversion Tables (http://www.globalenergy.co.uk/archive/conversion_table.htm#a) and Information Conversion Tables Cal
(http://www.globalenergy.co.uk/archive/conversion_table.htm#top)Therms/UK Gal = 2.3208 x 104 5.54314 x 106 6.22884 x 105 5
Other Gas Information Net to gross heat inputs: the conversion factor varies by furl, for NG it is 1.11 and for Propane is i
1 litre propane = 7 kWh 1 tonne propane = 19,900kWh

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