J.T.O.

Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

INTRODUCTION TO THE 5ESS SWITCH

This lesson will introduce the 5ESS-2000 Switch. The 5ESS-2000 Switch has
3 major types of equipment modules: the SM/SM-2000 (Switching Module), CM
(Communication Module), and the AM (Administrative Module). Each module
performs assigned functions that contribute to the total operation of the 5ESS-2000
Switch.

1.0

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 5ESS SWITCH

The 5ESS-2000 Switch is a digital exchange that can serve as a local (lines),

toll (trunks), tandem (lines and trunks), OSPS (Operator Service Position System) or
international gateway exchange, depending on the type of switch. It can serve a
small community with fewer than 100 subscribers or a large metropolitan area
serving more than 100,000 subscribers.

Modular Distributed Design

Figure
Different Modules of 5ESS Switch
The 5ESS-2000 Switch is digital switching system with distributed processing.
Distributed processing means that multiple processors handle all call processing

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

functions. Many processors are distributed throughout the system supported by a

central processor. These distributed processors handle second-to-second decisions
that must be made to process a call. Call processing, self-maintenance, and testing
are performed independently in each module. Processors communicate with each
other via an internal digital network that links the modules together.
The 5ESS-2000 Switch hardware is subdivided into three major types of
equipment modules: the SM (Switching Module), the CM (Communications Module),
and the AM (Administrative Module). Each module performs its assigned functions to
contribute to the operation of the entire switch.
The SM connects all lines and trunks to the 5ESS-2000 Switch. It performs
most of the call processing functions. There can be many SMs per 5ESS-2000
Switch.
The CM provides communication between the SMs and the AM. There is one
CM per 5ESS-2000 Switch.

Growth and Degrowth

Modular architecture makes it easy to increase or decrease the capacity of
the exchange. Increase in the capacity of the switch is called growth. Decrease in
the capacity of the switch is termed degrowth. The SM is the primary module for
growth or degrowth of the 5ESS-2000 Switching system. Growth or degrowth is
accomplished by changing the number of SMs in a switch or the number or units
within the SMs.

2.0

SWITCHING MODULE
All external lines, trunks, and special services circuits are terminated at the

switching module. The analog and digital signals are converted to the digital format
used inside the 5ESS-2000 Switch. The SM performs almost 95% of the call
processing and maintenance functions including:

Line and trunk scanning

Tone and cadence generation

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

Digit analysis

Call routing

Circuit switching

Packet switching

Announcements

Call progress supervision

Routine maintenance and self-maintenance

The SM provides many subscriber calling features including:

Call Waiting

Abbreviated Dialing

Call Diversion

Conference Calls

One 5ESS-2000 Switch can support as many as 192 SMs. Each SM can
handle as many as 5120 lines or 500 trunks, or a combination of the two. The SM2000 can handle more than 65,000 lines and about 18,000 trunks. The maximum
number of SM-2000s that can be supported by one switch is dependent upon
engineering considerations.

2.1

Types of Switching Modules

A 5ESS-2000 Switch can be equipped with the following types of SMs.

LSM (Local Switching Module): This type of SM serves local lines, and
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) users. The LSM is usually
referred to as the SM.

HSM (Host Switching Module): This type of SM provides the normal

LSM subscriber interfaces and also interfaces one or more RSMs
(Remote Switching Modules).

RSM (Remote Switching Module): This type of SM is designed to meet

the needs of those communities that are too small to be served by their

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

own 5ESS-2000 Switch in a remote area. This is done by having the RSM
connected to an HSM. This RSM can be as far away as 242 kilometers
from the host. Up to 4 RSMs (called a MMRSM (Multi-Mod RSM) can be
interconnected to serve 16,000 lines, 2,000 trunks, or a combination of
line and trunks. The RSM provides full stand-alone capabilities, including
direct trunks to other exchanges, and can be used singularly or grouped
in clusters.

PSM (Position Switching Module): This type of SM supports OSPS

(Operator Services Position System) features.

Originally the SMs were called IMs (Interface Modules).

Occasionally on equipment and in documentation, you will see references to
the IM. This is really a reference to the SM.

Figure
Types of Switching Module

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

2.2

Switching Module Components

An SM is comprised of two types of cabinets. The single SMC (Switching

Module Controller) cabinet is numbered 1 and contains the control units that are
assigned specific locations within the SMC.

Figure
Switching Module Components

Control Units - that control all activities within the SM, such as call
processing and maintenance functions.
An SM can have from one to four LTP (Line/Trunk Peripheral) cabinets
that are numbered 0, 2, 3 and 4.

Peripheral Units - that perform testing functions and provide customers

and other exchanges access to the 5ESS-2000 Switch digital network.
There are two types of peripheral units.

Interface Units - that interface packet data, analog and digital

lines, and trunks to the 5ESS-2000 Switch.

Service Units - that provides support as test equipment and

multiport conferencing circuits.

The newer, more capacity SM-2000 cabinets are called the same (SMC and
LTP) but are arranged quite differently. This will be discussed later in more detail. The
numbering of the cabinets is important as diagnostic messages will indicate specific
cabinets for trouble correcting procedures.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

LPTO

SMC1

LTP2

LTP3

LTP4

Figure
Switching Module Cabinets

SM Control Units
Located in the SMC cabinets are the two SM control units, the SMP
(Switching Module Processor) and the TSI (Time Slot Interchanger). These two units
are combined into the MCTSI (Module Controller and Time Slot Interchange), which
is also referred to as the MCTU.

Figure
SMC Cabinet

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

Switching Module Processor

The SMP contains the microprocessor and memory used to perform the call
processing and maintenance functions within the SM. The SMP performs five major
functions:

Controls peripheral units.

Performs call processing.

Performs SM maintenance.

Initializes SM memory.

Communicates with the AM and other SMs.

Time Slot Interchanger

The second control unit in the SM is the TSI (Time Slot Interchanger). The TSI
performs the time portion of the time-space-time division switching. This type of
switching allows multiple inputs access to a set number of outputs when processing
phone calls.
The TSI transmits and receives peripheral time slots to and from peripheral
units. Peripheral time slots contain digital call data from lines and trunks or other user
data, such as from computers.
The TSI also switches data from the network side to the CM where it is routed
to other SMs.
The TSI interchanges the peripheral time slots to the network time slots on
two NCT (Network Control and Timing) links connecting the SM to the CM. In the
reverse direction, the TSI also interchanges network time slots to peripheral time
slots. The TSI also interchanges peripheral time slots between different peripheral
units.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

Note: There are various versions of the MCTU. Currently an SM can be equipped
with an MCTU2/MCTU3 (Module Controller Time Slot Interchange Unit Model 2 or
Model 3).

SM Peripheral Units
The SM peripheral units consists of the following:

Interface Units.

Packet Switch Unit.

Service Units.

Interface Units
There are two analog interface units:

LU (Line Unit) - connects analog lines from the subscribers telephones

to the 5ESS-2000 Switch Digital Network.

ATU (Analog Trunk Unit) - terminates a variety of analog trunks to the

digital switching network. These voice frequency trunks can be
interchange trunks, trunks to PBXs (Private Branch Exchange), trunks to
announcement machine units, or local test circuits.

There are two digital interface units:

ISLU2 (Integrated Services Line Unit Model 2) - terminates both digital

and analog subscriber lines. The ISLU2 is equipped in SMs that have
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), and its primary purpose is to
provide service to the ISDN subscribers.

DLTU (Digital Line Trunk Unit) - terminates digital trunks from other
exchanges or from RSM facilities in a switch and converts T1 or PCM
(Pulse Code Modulation) 2Mb/s (Megabit per second) format to network
time slot format.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

Packet Switch Unit

The PSU (Packet Switch Unit) is a special interface unit that does not directly
terminate lines or trunks. The PSU performs several miscellaneous ISDN functions:

Processes

ITU-T

(International

Telecommunication

Union

Telecommunication Standardization Sector) No. 6 and 7 signalling.

Processes packet switched data.

Service Units/Service Circuits

There are five types of service units, three of which are referred to as DSUs
(Digital Service Units). The different types are as follows:

LDSU (Local Digital Service Unit)

The LDSU has the following two functions:

To generate digital tones.

To decode digital tones.

The tones generated or decoded by the LDSU can be routed to any line or
trunk on a particular SM. The LDSU functionality can be provided in a variety of
equipment configurations ranging from a full unit to a single circuit pack.
GDSU

(Global Digital Service Unit)

Every 5ESS-2000 Switch has at least one GDSU which can provide services
to any SM in the exchange. The GDSU can also be configured in a variety of ways.
The GDSU has the following two functions:

Conference capabilities.

Transmission testing.

DSU2-RAF/SAS

(Digital Service Unit 2 - Recorded Announcement

Function/Service Announcement System)
The DSU2-RAF/SAS provides an announcement when a call is routed to a

vacant code, equipment is busy, or blocking conditions exist. Other uses include
OSPS features and when customized announcements are needed. SAS has more
announcement capacity than its predecessor, RAF.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

MMSU

10

(Modular Metallic Service Unit)

The MMSU, also referred to as MSU, provides the following three functions:

Metallic test access.

Subscriber line testing.

A scan and distribute function.

PPMU

(Periodic Pulse Metering Unit)

Subscriber lines used in coinboxes, hotels and restaurants very often have a
home meter installed. These subscribers are connected to the PPMU (or PPUM
auxiliary), which injects the correct signalling to increment the home meter, and
provides the subscriber with an accurate measure of phone usage.

3.0

COMMUNICATION MODULE
Because of the distributed processing architecture of the 5ESS-2000 Switch,

information must constantly be exchanged between processors. The CM

(Communications Module) serves 5ESS-2000 Switch. This section describes the
functions, linkages, and major components of the CM.

Communication Module Functions

In the switch, the AM and SMs are not directly connected to each other. The
CM routes messages between each module so they all work together. The CM has
four main functions:

Call Switching: The CM interconnects the paths between switching

modules to complete telephone calls and to relay data.

Message Switching: The CM provides paths to send information

between processors to process calls, maintain records, and perform
system tasks.

Network Timing: The CM provides accurate timing and synchronization

for the 5ESS-2000 Switch.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

11

Fast Pump: The CM provides resources to quickly download (pump)

software, from the AM to ANSM if needed.

Figure
Communication Module Linkages

Communication Module LInkage

The AM is connected to the CM by the DSCH (Dual Serial Channel) bus. This
metallic bus has two serial bit streams that receive and relay control messages.
NCT (Network Control and Timing) links are fibre optic cables that connect
each SM to the CM. The NCT links carry information in a maximum of 512 time slots
divided between two physical links. One of the 256 time slots.
Each of the control time slots is used to carry intermodule control messages.
The other 255 time slots per link are used to carry call data (voice samples or
customer data transmissions).
The CLNK (Communications Link) is the hardware path between the SMP
(discussed in later lessons) and the MSPU (Message Switch Peripheral Unit) or the
CM which is introduced in this lesson. This is the path that carries the control time

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

12

slot. Because of the redundant nature of the CM hardware, each SM has alternate
CLNK paths across the switching network.

3.1

CM Cabinet Configurations
The CM lineup can vary in size from a minimum of two to a maximum of

twelve cabinets that are grown from the centre out in mirror image. Basic cabinets 5
and 6 are always equipped and depending on the number of SMs supported,
additional cabinets can be added, two at a time, starting with growth cabinets 4 and
7.
0

Growth CM Cabinets

Basic CM
Cabinets

10

11

Growth CM Cabinets

Figure
CM Cabinets

Major Components of the CM

All versions of the CM are divided into two functional units: The MSGS
(Message Switch), and the ONTC (Office Network and Timing Complex). The
following description is based on the most common type of CM currently in the field,
the CM2.
The MSGS and ONTC are each made up of subunits. The four major
functions of the CM are performed by these hardware subunits:

MSGS

MSCU (Message Switch Control Unit).

MSPU (Message Switch Peripheral Unit).

ONTC

CMCU (Communications Module Control Unit).

TMSU (Time Multiplexed Switch Unit).

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

13

The ONTC also includes some functional areas of the SM/SM-2000.

MSGS
MSCU

MSPU

ONTC
CMCU

TMSU

Figure
CM Components
The MSCU provides control over the MSPU. If passes control information to
and from the AM and the other CM units; it also interprets the destination code of the
control messages flow between processors in the AM and the SMs.
The MSPU processes control messages and switches them to the AM or
SMs. The MSPU can be regarded as a series of mail boxes in which messages are
deposited before they are routed. Each SM has assigned capacity in the MSPU, and
control messages are transferred under direction of the MSCU.
The CMCU provides timing for the system and provides control for the TMS
(Time Multiplexed Switch). It also provides the connection path between the TMS and
AM, MSCU and MSPU.
The TMSU terminates the NCT links and switches both data and control time
slots between the links. The hardware units of the TMS perform the actual switching
of the calls between trunks.
No single unit of the CM is more important than others. Because of the
interconnecting paths, all the parts are necessary. Because of this, virtually all parts
of the CM are duplicated.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

3.2

14

Types of Communication Modules

There are four types of CMs in the field:

CM1: This was the earliest type of CM. It operates much the same as the
CM2 which was just described, but is of an older vintage. It is made up of
a maximum of 4 cabinets of equipment. It is capacity-limited (32 SMs) and
has been replaced nearly everywhere with CM2.

CM2: Most common today, the CM2 can support up to 192 SMs, or a mix
of SMs and SM-2000. It is made up of a minimum of 2 cabinets, but can
grow to as many as 12 when needed.

CM2 with QLPS (Quad Link Packet Switch): This is a modification of

the CM2 which adds additional control message capacity. It is available
for offices with high capacity SM-2000s. It is nearly identical to the CM2,
with additional hardware units added.

CM2C: This unit is intended for small office applications and supports only
a limited number of SMs. It is made up of 2 shelves, which can reside in
an SM cabinet.

4.0

ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE
In the 5ESS-2000 Switch, the AM (Administrative Module) is a switch

equipment module which has the overall control of the entire 5ESS-2000 Switch. The
AM controls the CM and communicates with all the SMs (through the CM). The AM
monitors itself and the CM for malfunctions. If there are any problems, they are
reported to maintenance personnel.

4.1

Administrative Module Functions

The AM has a minimum of one cabinet and can have a maximum of three

cabinets. The AM performs resources allocation and processing functions that are
done more efficiently on a centralized basis such as:

Call routing for intermodule and intramodule calls.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

4.2

Administrative data processing/billing data.

Traffic measurement reports/system performance reports.

Memory management.

System maintenance.

Maintaining file records of changes to the system Software Release.

Personnel interface/system monitoring.

Allocating trunks for call processing.

15

Administrative Module Components

There are three main units located within the AM :

CU (Control Unit).

IOP (Input/Output Processor).

DFC (Disk File Controller).

The CU monitors overall system operation. The IOP interfaces with the MCC
(Master Control Centre), ROP (Receive Only Printer) and other peripheral devices.
The DFC controls the TD (Tape Drive) and Disk Drive (DD).
The Control Unit consists of: the CC (Central Control) and the MM (Main
Memory) subunits.

The CC has six major functions:

Executes programs: the CC contains logic circuits that execute step-bystep instructions to control the operation of the AM processor.

Executes program requests: responds to requests from the SM and from

maintenance personnel.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

16

Processes administrative data: compiles report information and prints

reports periodically.

Monitors system operation: maintains a log of equipment status and a list

of OOS (Out-Of-Service) equipment.

Updates duplicate CU: communicates with duplicate standby CU to keep

its memory up-to-date.

Manages data transfer: controls memory transfer between its own

memory, its hard disk, and the microprocessors that serve the peripheral
units in the IOP.

The MM stores program instructions and data. The MM stores the

instructions and other data needed by the processor to process calls,
collect administrative information, and perform system maintenance.

CU
TD
CU

DFC
DD

CC
MCC
MM

IOP
ROP

Figure
Administrative Module Components

4.3

AM Peripheral Component Functions

Disk File Controller

The DFC is responsible for interfacing with the SCSI (Small Computer
System Interface) Peripheral Devices, such as the disk and tape drives.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

17

SCSI Disk Drive

The functions of the SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) disk drive are
as follows:

Stores copies of software used in the 5ESS-2000 Switch - if data in the

MM is lost, it is restored from the disk copy.

Stores hardware configuration data - information on the disk defines the

configuration of hardware, and line and trunk terminations.

Stores billing data - disk has a temporary area for billing data. The data is
stored until it is requested by the host collector or dumped to tape.

Tape Drive
The tape drive is a backup for information stored on disk. The tape drive may
be either a conventional computer nine track tape drive or a DAT (Digital Audio Tape).
Data can be transferred from tape to disk or from disk to tape. Billing data for the
Revenue Accounting Office is also stored on tape.

Input/Output Processor
The IOP is the interface for other peripheral devices used by the switch, such
as maintenance interfaces (MCC and ROP), datalinks and alarm signalling.

Master Control Centre

The AM maintains up-to-date records on system operations and knows the
status of all hardware units throughout the exchange. This information is available to
maintenance personnel through the human/maintenance interface the MCC (Master
Control Centre). The MCC is the main local workstation for maintenance personnel. It
uses a full-colour video display terminal as a window to the system. By entering poke
commands selected from menus on the terminal screen or man machine language
commands selected from the 5ESS-2000 Switch Commands and Reports Manual,
maintenance personnel can diagnose equipment, remove equipment from service,
restore equipment to service, test lines and trunks, and modify the database and

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

18

service features for customers. The ROP (Receive-Only Printer) provides a printed
copy of reports from the MCC.
The primary functions of the MCC are to provide the following:

Visual displays of system status and alarm information.

The means to control, test and reconfigure the system.

The means to manually recover the system.

Access to exchange data.

5.0 CALL PROCESSING

There are five functional steps of call processing, including the location of the
originating and terminating equipment. These steps are :

Origination: Origination begins when the subscribers line goes off-hook

or when an incoming trunk is seized. Origination receives the incoming
digits, selects the digit analysis tables, and determines the screening
information for this call.

Digit Analysis: Digit analysis interprets the digits that it receives from
origination, selects a destination for each call, and passes the dialled
digits to routing.

Routing/Screening: Routing uses the destination information form digit

analysis and screening information form origination to select the
terminating trunk group or line. The type of charges associated with this
call is determined and sent to charging.

Charging: Charging uses the charging information form routing to expand

the charging data into a format useable by the Call Accounting process.
There are various types of call accounting features; form basic AMA
records to Fee Calculation.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

19

Subscriber Line
or
Incoming Trunk

Origination

Digital Analysis

Routing/Screening

Charging

Termination

Subscriber Line
or
Outgoing Trunk
Figure
Call Processing Stages

Termination: The last step in call processing is termination.

Termination process are different for calls destined for lines and calls
destined for trunks.

Trunk Termination: An idle trunk member of the trunk group is

selected based on a predetermined pattern. After selection, digits are
outpulsed to the distant office.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

20

Line Termination: The line identified in routing is checked to determine if

the line has any special features. Ringing is applied to the line if
applicable or the special feature is activated.

Call Processing
The most important function of a 5ESS-2000 Switch is to process subscriber
calls. Subscribers calls can be classified as line-to-line, line-to-trunk, trunk-to-line, or
trunk-to-trunk. A line-to-line call is a call that starts on a line served by a 5ESS-2000
Switch and terminates to another line served by the same switch. The SMs involved
in the call will perform almost 95 percent of the call processing functions.
During a line-to-line call, the originating SM detects when a subscribers
telephone receiver has been picked up. The SM provides dial tone and then removes
dial tone when the first digit is dialled. It then collects and analyzes the dialled digits.
Next, the SM sends a request to the AM for a call path. The terminating SM locates
the subscriber line for the line-to-line call and provides ringing.
Basic Call Types
Origination
Line
Line
Trunk
Trunk

Termination
Line
Trunk
Line
Trunk

When the AM has selected and available path, it alerts the CM to set-up a link
between the SMs.
The CM provides call paths between SMs and carries all internal system
communications.
The functions of the SM, AM and CM in a trunk-to-trunk call are basically the
same as the line-to-line call described above except that the originating SM detects a
trunk seizure rather than a subscriber picking up the receiver. Also, the terminating
SM locates an available trunk instead of a line.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

21

If a call involves both a line and a trunk (line-to-trunk, trunk-to-line), the

scenarios above may differ slightly. Also, the scenarios may differ depending on the
applications supported by your exchange.
Line-To-Line calls can be of two types:

INTRA-SM where both subscriber lines (originated and terminated) are

connected to same SM. This doesnt require use of CM.

INTER-SM where both subscriber lines are connected to different SMs.

This requires use of CM.

6.0

5ESS-2000 SWITCH APPLICATIONS

The 5ESS-2000 Switch was designed with a flexible modular approach with

regard to both software and hardware, allowing for digital services, and capabilities
that support many applications. Current applications supported by the system are as
follows:

Local exchange.

Toll exchange.

Gateway exchange.

OSPS (Operator Service Position System).

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network).

STP (Signalling Transfer Point).

SSP (Services Switching Point or Action Control Point).

MSC (Mobile Switching Centre or Wireless).

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

22

Local Exchange
Local subscribers gain access to the local exchange through lines. The
exchange switches a call from an internal subscriber to another subscriber directly or
through a trunk circuit to a subscriber in another exchange. A trunk circuit (or trunk)
connects a local exchange to another local exchange or toll exchange. A local
exchange has high percentage of lines and a small percentage of trunks.

Toll Exchange
A toll exchange (or trunk tandem exchange) connects a local exchange to
another local exchange or to a gateway exchange. A toll exchange has a high
percentage of trunks and a low percentage of lines, if any.

Gateway Exchange
There is one international network consisting of interconnected gateway
exchanges. Each country (A and B) in this network has its own gateway exchange,
an international toll exchange. International calls enter and leave the country from
this gateway exchange.

Local

Toll

GWA

GWB

Figure
5ESS Switch Applications

Local

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

23

Operator Service Position System

The 5ESS-2000 Switch offers automatic operator services via the OSPS
(Operator Service Position System). OSPS applications are Directory Inquiry to
supply directory number to calling subscribers. Traffic Assistance allows operators to
complete calls and respond to inquiries for subscribers. The OSPS uses a special
SM called a PSM (Position Switching Module).

Integrated Services Digital Network

Another type of 5ESS-2000 Switch application is the ISDN (Integrated
Services Digital Network). ISDN offers new voice and data services, and allows
features such as OSPS. ISDN also allows voice, data and signalling information to
travel over the same digital subscriber line. It lets all three components use the same
transmission path simultaneously.
Two people with ISDN can make phone calls and use their computer
terminals to access one or more computers at the same time. ISDN service is fully
compatible with POTS service. ISDN service requires specific ISDN hardware and
software in the SM.

Signalling Transfer Point

The STP (Signalling Transfer Point) is an exchange application that sends
signalling messages on their way to the proper destination over a different path than
the associated voice circuit. STPs are associated with the CCS7 (Common Channel
Signalling 7) network. This application allows for more efficient use of trunk circuits.

Signal
Transfer
Point
Signal

Signal

Local/Toll

Voice

Local/Toll/
Gateway

Figure
5ESS as Signalling Transfer Point

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

24

Service Switching Point

The SSP (Service Switching Point), also called ACP (Action Control Point), is
a 5ESS-2000 Switch application that is part of an IN (Intelligent Network)
configuration. IN technology allows the introduction of advanced services, primarily
through software updates, with minimal network rearrangements and minimal service
disruption. The SSP is able to recognize and incoming IN call, process it, or request
call handling instructions by use of a remote database that is accessed by many
switches in the IN.

Mobile Switching Centre

The MSC (Mobile Switching Centre) performs the switching functions for
wireless systems. This 5ESS-2000 Switch application monitors subscriber mobility,
manages resources, communicates with other networks, performs call routing and
control functions. The MSC configuration includes an AM, CM, SMs, WGSM
(Wireless Global Switching Module), at least one WSM (Wireless Switching Module),
and possibly a WRSM (Wireless Remote Switching Module) or multimodule.

MSC

AM

WSM

CM

SM

WGSM

Figure
5ESS As Mobile Switching Centre

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

7.0

25

Maintenance Tools
The MCC (Master Control Centre), customer documentation, TLWS (Trunk

and Line Workstation) function, and RC/V (Recent Change and Verify) function are
all essential maintenance tools of 5ESS.

Master Control Centre

The MCC is the primary communication link between maintenance personnel
and the 5ESS-2000 Switch of performing the maintenance functions. In smaller
exchanges, it is possible to have only the MCC terminal. Larger exchanges will need
more terminals and printers.
The primary MCC functions are to provide the following:

Visual displays of system status and alarm information.

The means to control, test and reconfigure the system.

The means to manually recover the system.

Access to Exchange data.

The MCC consists of the following components:

TAU (Test Access Unit): Used to make certain trunk and line tests. It
contains jacks for connecting portable test equipment such as voltmeters
to the trunk and line circuits.

Speakerphone: Used to communicate with other work locations or other

exchanges.

ROP (Receive-Only Printer): Provides paper copies of reports.

Video Display Terminal

with Keyboard:

Used most often to

communicate with the system. The video terminal displays commands

and reports (input/output) and the keyboard provides a means of entering
requests and commands to the system.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

26

Office Alarm Unit (not shown in figure): Notifies you problems in the
switch with visual and audible alarms.

Trunk and Line Workstation

The function of the TLWS is to test the lines and trunks in an exchange. This
function may be invoked from terminals located within the exchange (MCC) or from
remote maintenance facilities.
The term TLWS can be used to reference the TLWS function (software) or the
terminal used to access the TLWS function (hardware). A terminal is defined for use
as a TLWS in the switchs ECD database.

TLWS Function
The TLWS function is used to:

Remove and restore service to subscriber lines and trunks for testing.

Test subscriber lines.

Initiate operational and transmission tests on trunks.

Operational tests check the ability of a trunk to complete a call.

Transmission tests measure the quality of signals being reserved

by a trunk.

TLWS Terminals
The TLWS need only be a VDT (Video Display Terminal) and keyboard,
although it may be equipped with the same equipment as the MCC. The basic TLWS
equipment allows you to enter the TLWS commands and receive the test results. The
input data, circuit information, and results are displayed on the VDT.
The TLWS function can be initiated from following terminals:

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

27

MCC (Master Control Centre): This is the primary terminal for the TLWS
function. All TLWS functions can be performed from this terminal.

OMC (Operations and Maintenance Centre): This is a remote

maintenance facility that can usually perform maintenance for several
exchanges.

STLWS (Supplementary Trunk and Line Workstation):

Many

exchanges than the MCC where the TLWS function can be initiated.
These terminals are the STLWS terminals.
Since the MCC is usually used for controlling the exchange (initializations,
etc.), most exchanges equip several STLWSs and use these for line and trunk testing
instead of using the MCC as the main TLWS terminal.

Beltline Circuit
Sometimes tests are performed from locations other than the MCC. For
instance, during installation, difficult fault conditions might occur in the SM (Switching
Module), that can be located at a distance from the MCC. This may cause some
inconvenience for maintenance personnel, since they must walk back and forth
between the SM and the MCC. To avoid that, the 5ESS-2000 Switch frames
(cabinets) are equipped with connectors to allow the maintenance personnel to
connect portable I/O devices, such as a TTY or a terminal with keyboard near the
SM. This feature is called the beltline circuit. Beltline jacks (connectors) are
multipled at optional frame locations around the exchange making the circuit
accessible from several points. They are mounted on a jack strip located between the
fuse panels at the top of the equipment frames. Although the beltline jacks can be
multipled to each SM, a maximum of two beltline circuits may be used at the same
time. They are referred to as Beltline A and Beltline B. The beltline jacks are wired to
the peripheral controllers in the IOP (Input/Output Processor) unit.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

28

Figure
Maintenance of 5ESS

Recent Change and Verify

The RC/V (Recent Change and Verify) function enables you to view and alter
the 5ESS-2000 Switch databases, and is accessed from the MCC (Master Control
Centre), OMC (Operation and Maintenance Centre), STLWS (Supplementary Trunk
and Line Workstations), or from optionally equipped RC/V terminals. The MCC and
the OMC have access to all RC/V functions. Individual terminals, however, may be
restricted to specific functions.
RC/V provides the capability to view and alter the databases in the 5ESS2000 Switch.
The RC/V function has the following two modes:

RC (Recent Change) mode provides a way of accessing and changing

the system databases to reflect changes in customer services or system
capabilities.

V (Verify) mode provides the ability to view, but both change, database
contents. This allows one to verify that the correct changes were made.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

29

Database forms, called views, can be output on the video screen and/or
printed out on the ROP (Receive-Only Printer). Paper copies of the database forms
can be saved and used as Office Records.
The three databases that are maintained in the 5ESS-2000 Switch are as
follows:

ECD (Equipment Configuration Database).

SG (System Generation Database).

ODD (Office Dependent Database).

The ECD contains data that defines the physical and logical configuration of
the AM processor as it applies to the 5ESS-2000 Switch.
The SG database contains boot information and defines the disk layout in the
AM processor. The system uses this database only during initializations.
The ODD database contains specific data used to define the switching
characteristics and customer information for a particular 5ESS-2000 Switch.
Administrative and maintenance personnel access the ODD on a routine basis to
verify or update switching or customer information.

Customer Documentation
Customer documentation is categorized into the following four types:

Descriptive

Documents:

Provides

explanations

of

all

available

documents, introductions to the 5ESS-2000 Switch and its functions, and

explanations of the system software and hardware. These documents are
supported by illustrations, tabulated information, and drawings. Refer to
these documents for background information on the 5ESS-2000 Switch or
clarifications of terms used in procedural documents.

Procedural Documents: Instructions executed sequentially to do such

tasks as operations and maintenance procedures, recent change,

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

30

hardware change, software retrofit, and software update. The instructions

are written so that the objective can be accomplished by both experienced
and non-experienced personnel. When additional data is required, this
type of document also includes non-procedural information.

Reference Documents: Provides reference information that can be used

for clearing faults above the circuit pack level. Reference documents can
be hardware related (to solve faults related to the cabling and backplane
wiring) or software related (to solve problems such as programming errors
or database errors).

Site-dependent Documents: Contains information unique to a particular

exchange, such as floor layouts, rack layouts, or cable listings.

8.0

SUMMARY
The 5ESS-2000 Switch uses distributed (or many) processors. In the switch,

its modular design features a CM, AM and one or more SM s

with

the

growth/

degrowth (Addition/Removal of equipment within the module) of SMs serving as the

mode for changing the capacity of the exchange.
Switching Module has following components:

Control units.

Peripheral interface units including the packet switch unit.

Peripheral service units.

Control units provide the following:

Call processing.

SM diagnostics.

Quickly reinitialized RAM (Random Access Memory).

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

31

Time division switching.

Interface units provide the following:

Terminations for analog and digital lines.

Terminations for analog and digital trunks.

Packet switching.

Service unit provide the following:

Tone generation and decoding.

Conferencing and transmission testing.

Announcements.

Metallic line and trunk test.

Metering.

The duplicated CM cabinet lineup is comprised of a minimum of two cabinets

(Basic 5 and 6) and a maximum of twelve cabinets (Basic 5 and 6 and growth 0-4
and 7-11), that are grown from the centre out.
The major functions of the CM are call switching, message switching, network
timing, and normal pump. The CM is linked to the AM with a DSCH bus (metallic), to
the SM with NCT links (fibre optic cables), and from its MSPU to the SMP with a
CLNK. The types of CMs are CM1, CM2, CM2 with Quad Link Packet Switch, and
CM2C. The major components of the CM and their functions are:

MSGS

MSCU: Provides control over the MSPU.

MSPU: Processes control time slots.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

32

TMS

CMCU: Provides timing and control.

TMSU: Terminates NCT links and switches data and control time
slots between them.

The AM performs resource allocation and processing functions best

performed in a centralized manner and provides overall control of the exchange.
AM has the following major components:

Control Unit.

Input/Output Processor.

Disk File Controller.

The Control Unit consists of the following subunits:

Central Control.

Main Memory.

The IOP controls data transfer between the AM and external devices.

The MCC is the local workstation or window to the system.

The ROP records system output.

The DFC controls the disk and tape drives.

The Disk Drive stores the following:

Copies of software.

Hardware configuration data.

Billing data.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

33

The Tape Drive backs up the software release, exchange data and billing
data.
The 5ESS-2000 Switch supports the following applications:

Local exchange.

Toll exchange.

Gateway exchange.

OSPS (Operator Service Position System).

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network).

STP (Signalling Transfer Point).

SSP (Services Switching Point or Action Control Point).

MSC (Mobile Switching Centre or Wireless).

The MCC, TLWS, RC/V, customer documentation and beltline circuit are tools
essential for switch maintenance.

Introduction
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Welcome to the world of the 5ESS. In this file I will be covering
the switch topology, hardware, software, and how to program the switch. I
am sure this file will make a few people pissed off <grin> over at BellCORE.
Anyways, the 5ESS switch is the best (I think) all around switch. Far
better then an NT. NT has spent too much time with SONET and their S/DMS
TransportNode OC48. Not enough time with ISDN, like AT$T has done. Not only
that, but DMS 100s are slow, slow, slow! Though I must hand it to NT, their
DMS-1 is far better then AT$T's SLC-96.

What is the 5ESS

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The 5ESS is a switch. The first No. 5ESS in service was cut over in
Seneca,
Illinois (815) in the early 1982. This test ran into a few problem, but all
and all was a success. The 5ESS is a digital switching system, this
advantage was realized in No. 4 ESS in 1976. The 5ESS network is a TST
(Time Space Time) topology, the TSIs (Time Slot Interchangers) each

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

34

have their own processor, this makes the 5ESS one of the faster switches.
Though I hear some ATM switches are getting up there.

5ESS System Architecture & Hardware

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

5ESS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

OSS Data Links
^ ^
^
| |
|
| |
|
......|.|....|......
:
v v
v
:
:
------------- :
:
|
| :
:
|
Input
| :
:
|
Output |====== TTY/CRT
:
| Processor | :
:
------------- :
:

...........................
----------:
:
| Switch |<===========
:
| Module |<========] |
:
^
..............
----------:
v v
: :
|
:
o
: =======
---------: :
|
------------ :
o
: | TMS |<->|Message |
: :
|
| Main
| :
o
: |
|<->|Switch |<============
|
| Store
| :
----------: =======
---------: :
|
|
-----.------ :
| Switch |
:
^ ^
: :
|
|
|
:
| Module |<========= |
: :
v
v
|
:
-----------<===========
: :
-------------|
:
:.........................: :
| 3B
|
=======
:
:
| Central
|
:
:
| Control
|<=====>
Disk! :
:
-------------:
:
:
................................
:
COMMUNICATIONS MODULE

ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

35

The 5 ESS is a digital SPC switching system which utilizes distributed

control, a TST switching network and modular hardware and software design.
The major components are:
ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE
Two 3B20S Processors

(Which equal a 3B20D)

- Central control and main storage

- Disk storage for infrequently used programs and data, and main storage
regeneration.
- The two 3B20S processors are always comparing data, and when one fails
the other acts in its place.
Two Input/Output Processors (IOP)
- Provides TTY and data-link interfaces to the 3B20D Processor, 5ESS
Network, Master Control Center (MCC), and various Operational Support
Systems (OSS). Here is a list of the defult TTY (also called
"channels")
tty
ttyA
ttyB
ttyC
ttyJ
terminals
ttyK
terminals
ttyL
terminals
ttyM
terminals
ttyN
terminals
ttyO
terminals
ttyP
ttyR
ttyQ
RCV)

Channel Name
Master control console (MCC) terminal.
Master control console (MCC) terminal.
Traffic report printer
supplementary trunk and line work station (STLWS)
supplementary trunk and line work station (STLWS)
supplementary trunk and line work station (STLWS)
supplementary trunk and line work station (STLWS)
supplementary trunk and line work station (STLWS)
supplementary trunk and line work station (STLWS)
Repair service bureau - Recent change and verify (RSB-RCV)
Office records printer
Switching control center-recent change and verify (SCC-

ttyS

terminals
Repair service bureau-automatic line insulation testing
(RSB-ALIT) terminal.
Switching control center-recent change and verify (SCC-

ttyT

terminals
Switching control center-recent change and verify (SCC-

ttyU
ttyV
ttyW
ttyY
ttyZ
ttyi
ttyj
ttyk
ttyl

terminals
Belt line B
Local recent change and verify (RCV) terminal
Remote recent change and verify (RCV) terminal.
Network administration center (NAC) terminal.
The switching control center (SCC) terminal.
SLC(R) carrier maintenance
STLWS - fifth of six
STLWS - sixth of six
STLWS - first of six

ttyR
RCV)
RCV)

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

ttym
ttyn
ttyo
ttyp
ttyq
ttyr
ttys
ttyt
ttyu
ttyv
ttyw
ttyx
ttyy
ttyz

36

STLWS - second of six

STLWS - third of six
STLWS - fourth of six
RCV/Repair Service Bureau
RCV/Network Administration Center
ALIT/Repair Service Bureau
Maintenance
Maintenance
Belt line A
Local RC/V
Remote RC/V
Maintenance Control Center/Switching Control Center System
(MCC/SCCS)
Maintenance Control Center/Switching Control Center System
(MCC/SCCS)
Maintenance Control Center/Switching Control Center System
(MCC/SCCS)

FILE

Destination file name in /rclog partition

mt00
mt04
mt08
mt0c
mt18
mt1c
mttypc0
mttypc1

High-density tape device, rewind after I/O

High-density tape device, does not rewind after I/O
Low-density tape device, rewind after I/O
Low-density tape device, does not rewind after I/O
Low-density tape device, rewind after I/O
Low-density tape device, does not rewind after I/O
Special tape device, IOP 0, rewind after I/O
Special tape device, IOP 1, rewind after I/O.

Two Automatic Message Accounting (AMA) units

- Uses data links to transport calling information to central revenue
accounting office and AMA tape. Here is the basic structure AMA
structure for the OSPS model.
- Called customer's telephone number, either a
seven- or ten-digit number
- Calling customer's telephone number, seven digits
- Date
- Time of day
- Duration of conversation.

COMMUNICATIONS MODULE
Message Switch (MSGS)
- Provides for control message transfer between the 3B20D Processor and
Interface Modules (IM's)
- Contains the clock for synchronizing the network.
Time Multiplexed Switch (TMS)
- Performs space division switching between SM's
- Provides permanent time slot paths between each SM and the MSGS
for control messages between the Processor and SM's (or between SM's)
Switching Module (SM)

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

37

- Terminates line and trunks

- Performs time division switching
- Contains a microprocessor which performs call processing function
for the SM

5ESS - SWITCH MODULE

-------------|
|
|
SMPU
|
|------------|
--------|
|
|
|
(64)
|
|
Analog Sub Lines <---->| LU
|<-------->|
|
|-------|
|
|
|
|
(64)
|
|
Analog Trunk Lines <-->| TU
|<-------->|
|
(256)
|-------|
|
TSIU
|<-------->
|
|
|
|
|
|
(128) |
512
|
SLC-96 Remote <------->| DCLU |<-------->|
Time
|<-------->
|
|
|
Slots
|
|-------|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(256) |
|
T1 Lines
<---------->| DLTU |<-------->|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|------------|
--------|
|
|
DSU
|
--------------

NCT
Links
to
TMS

COMMON COMPONENTS OF THE SWITCH MODULE (SM)

Switch Module Processor Unit (SMPU)
- Contains microprocessors which perform many of the call processing
functions for trunks and links terminated on the SM.
Time Slot Interchange Unit (TSIU)
- 512 time slot capacity
- Connects to the TMS over two 256-time slot Network Control and Timing
(NCT) links.
- Switches time slots from Interface Units to one of the NCT links (for
intermodule calls).
- Switches time slots from one Interface Unit to another within the SM
(for intramodule calls).
Digital Service Unit (DSU)
- Local DSU provides high usage service circuits, such as tone decoders
and generators, for lines and trunks terminated on the SM.
- Global DSU provides low usage service circuits, such as 3-port
conference circuits and the Transmission Test Facility, for all lines
and trunks in the office (requires 64 time slots).

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

38

The SM may be equipped with four types of Interface Units:

Line Unit (LU)
- For terminating analog lines.
- Contains a solid-state two-stage analog concentrator that provides
access to 64 output channels. The concentrator can be fully equipped
to
provide 8:1 concentration or can be fully equipped to provide 6:1 or
4:1
concentration.
- Each TU requires 64 time slots.
Trunk Unit (TU)
- For terminating analog trunks.
- Each TU requires 64 time slots.
Digital Line Trunk Unit (DLTU)
- For terminating digital trunks and RSM's.
- Each fully equipped DLTU requires 256 time slots.
- A maximum of 10 DSls maybe terminated on one DLTU.
The SM may be equipped with any combination of LU's, TU's, DCLU's and
DLTU's
totaling 512 time slots.
5ESS System Software
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The 5ESS is a UNIX based switch. UNIX has played a large part in
switching systems since 1973 when UNIX was use in the Switching Control
Center
System (SCCS). The first SCCS was a 16 bit microcomputer. The use of
UNIX for SCCS allowed development in C code, pseudo code, load test,
structure and thought. This led the development of the other switching
systems
which AT$T produces today (such at System 75, 85, 1AESS AP, and 5ESS).
NOTE: You may hear SCCS called the "mini" sometimes
The 5ESS's /etc/getty is not set up for the normal login that one would
expect to see on a UNIX System. This is due to the different channels that
the 5ESS has. The some channels are the TEST Channel, Maintenance Channel,
and RC Channel (which will be the point of focus). Once you are on one
channel you can not change the channel, as someone has said " it is
not a TV!" You are physically on the channel you are on.
Test Channel
~~~~~~~~~~~~
The TEST channel is where one can test lines, and test the switch itself.
This is where operating support systems (such as LMOS) operate from.
This channel allows one to monitor lines via the number test trunk aka
adding a third trunk), voltage test and line seizure.
Here is a list of OSSs which access the test channels on the 5ESS.
Group
Special Service Center

Operating Support Systems

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

39

SMAS via NO-Test

SARTS (IPS)
NO-TEST trunk (from the switch)
TIRKS
17B and 17E test boards (CCSA net using X-Bar)
RTS
BLV
POVT
DTAC
etc...
Repair Service Bureau
#16LTD
#14LTD
LMOS (IPS)
MLT-2
ADTS
TIRKS
TFTP
TRCO
DAMT
ATICS
etc...
SCC Channel
~~~~~~~~~~~
The SCC channel is where the SCC looks and watches the switch 24 hours a
day,
seven days a week! From this channel one can input RC messages if necessary.
A lot of people have scanned these out, and though they were AMATs. Well
this
is in short, WRONG! Here is a sample buffering of what they are finding.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------A

S570-67 92-12-21 16:16:48 086901 MDIIMON BOZOVILL DS0

REPT MDII WSN SIGTYPE DP
TKGMN 779-16
SZ 21
OOS 0
SUPRVSN RB TIME 22:16:48 TEN=14-0-1-3-1 TRIAL 1 CARRFLAG NC
OGT NORMAL CALL CALLED-NO
CALLING-NO
DISCARD 0

ID

S4C0-148963487 92-12-21 16:17:03 086902 MAIPR BOZOVILL DS0

OP:CFGSTAT,SM=1&&192,OOS,NOPRINT; PF
S570-67 92-12-21 16:17:13 086903 S0 BOZOVILL DS0
OP CFGSTAT SM 5 FIRST RECORD
UNIT
MTCE STATE
ACTIVITY
RESULT
LUCHAN=5-0-0-3-4
OOS,AUTO,FE
BUSY
LUCHAN=5-0-0-2-5
OOS,AUTO,FE
BUSY
LUCHAN=5-0-0-0-3
OOS,AUTO,FE
BUSY
LUCHAN=5-0-0-3-5
OOS,AUTO,FE
BUSY
LUHLSC=5-0-0-1
OOS,AUTO,FE
BUSY
LUCHAN=5-0-0-0-2
OOS,AUTO,FE
BUSY
LUCHAN=5-0-0-3-6
OOS,AUTO,FE
BUSY
LUCHAN=5-0-0-1-4
OOS,AUTO,FE
BUSY
M

S570-983110 92-12-21 17:09:53 144471 TRCE WCDS0

TRC IPCT EVENT 2991
DN 6102330000 DIALED
DN 6102220001

HDWCHK
INH
INH
INH
INH
INH
INH
INH
INH

DGN
CATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
CATP
ATP
ATP

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

40

TIME 17:09:52
----------------------------------------------------------------------------This has nothing to do with AMA, this is switch output on say the SCC
channel. This is used by the SCCS for logging, and monitoring of alarms.
The whole point of this channel is to make sure the switch is doing what it
should do, and to log all activity on the switch. NOTHING MORE!
To go into these messages and say what they are would take far too long,
order the OM manuals for the 5ESS, watch out, they are about 5 times the
size of
the IM (input manual) set. On average it takes someone three years of
training
to be able to understand all this stuff, there is no way anyone can write a
little file in Phrack and hope all who read it understand everything about
the
5ESS. RTFM!
RC Channel
~~~~~~~~~~
The RC/V (Recent Change/Verify) Channel is where new features can be
added or taken
away from phone lines. This is the main channel you may come in contact
with,
if you come in contact with any at all. When one connects to a 5ESS RC/V
channel
one may be dumped to a CRAFT
shell if the login has not been activated. Access to the switch when the
login is active is controlled by lognames and passwords to restrict
unwanted entry to the system. In addition, the SCC (Switching Control
Center) sets permission modes in the 5ESS switch which control the RC
(recent change) security function.
The RC security function determines whether recent changes may be made
and what types of changes are allowed. If a situation arises where the RC
security function denies the user access to recent change via RMAS or RC
channels, the SCC must be contacted so that the permission modes can be
modified. (Hint Hint)
The RC security function enables the operating telephone company
to decide which of its terminals are to be allowed access to which
set of RC abilities. NOTE that all verify input messages are always
allowed and cannot be restricted, which does not help too much.
The RC security data is not part of the ODD (office dependent data).
Instead, the RC security data is stored in relatively safe DMERT operating
system files which are only modifiable using the following message:
SET:RCACCESS,TTY="aaaaa",ACCESS=H'bbbbb;
where: aaaaa = Symbolic name of terminal in double quotes
H' = Hexadecimal number indicator in MML
bbbbb = 5-character hexadecimal field in 5E4 constructed
from binary bits corresponding to RC ability.
The field range in hexadecimal is from 00000 to
FFFFF.
This message must be entered for each type terminal (i.e.
"aaaaa"="rmas1", "rmas2", etc., as noted above in
TTY explanations).

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

41

NOTE: Order IM-5D000-01 (5ESS input manual) or OM-5D000-01 (5ESS output

manual)
for more information on this and other messages from the CIC at 1-800-4326600.
You have the money, they have the manuals, do not ask, just order. I
think they take AMEX!
When the message is typed in, a DMERT operating system file is created
for a particular terminal. The content of these files, one for each
terminal,
is a binary field with each bit position representing a unique set of RC
abilities. Conversion of this hexadecimal field to binary is accomplished
by converting each hexadecimal character to its equivalent
4-bit binary string.
---------------------------------------------------------HEX
BINARY | HEX
BINARY | HEX
BINARY | HEX
BINARY
-------------|--------------|--------------|-------------0
0000 | 4
0100 | 8
1000 | C
1100
-------------|--------------|--------------|-------------1
0001 | 5
0101 | 9
1001 | D
1101
-------------|--------------|--------------|-------------2
0010 | 6
0110 | A
1010 | E
1110
-------------|--------------|--------------|-------------3
0011 | 7
0111 | B
1011 | F
1111
---------------------------------------------------------Each bit position corresponds to a recent change functional area.
A hexadecimal value of FFFFF indicates that all bit positions are
set to 1 indicating that a particular terminal has total RC access. Also,
verify operations as well as lettered classes are not included in the
terminals security scheme since all terminals have access to verify views
and lettered classes.
In addition, maintenance personnel are able to verify the security
code for any terminal by typing the following message from either
the MCC (Master Control Center) or SCCS (Switching Control Center System)
Mini terminal:
OP:RCACCESS,TTY="xxxxx";
where: xxxxx = symbolic name of terminal in double quotes.
Each bit position corresponds to a recent change functional area.
To ensure redundancy, DMERT operating system files are backed up
immediately on disk by the SCC.
The input message that defines the password and CLERK-ID (another name for
username) is in the Global RC feature. This input message defines a clerkid
and associated password or deletes an existing one. (Recall that CLERK-ID
and
PASSWORD are required fields on the Global RC Schedule view 28.1 in
RCV:MENU:APPRC, but more on this later)
This new input message is as follows:
GRC:PASSWORD,CLERKID=xxxxxxxxxx,[PASSWD=xxxxxxxx|DELETE]
Note: CLERKID can be from 1 to 10 alphanumeric characters and
PASSWORD from 1 to 8 alphanumeric characters.
This input message can only be executed from the MCC or SCCS

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

42

terminals, and only one password is allowed per CLERK-ID. To

change a clerk-id's password, this message is used with the same
CLERK-ID but with a different password.

Global RC Schedule View 28.1 from the RC/V Recent Change Menu System
---------------------------------------------------------------------------5ESS SWITCH WCDS0
RECENT CHANGE 28.1
GLOBAL RECENT CHANGE SCHEDULING
*1.
*2.
#3.
#4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

GRC NAME
SECTION
CLERK ID
PASSWORD
MODE
RDATE
RTIME
SPLIT
SPLIT SIZE
MAX ERRORS
VERBOSE

__________
_____
__________
________
_______
______
____
_
_____
_____
_

---------------------------------------------------------------------------When the security is set up on the RC/V channel, one will see:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------5ESS login
15

WCDS0

5E6(1)

ttsn-cdN TTYW

Account name:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------There are no defaults, since the CLERK-ID and the password are set by craft,
but common password would be the name of the town, CLLI, MANAGER, SYSTEM,
5ESS, SCCS1, SCC, RCMAC, RCMAxx, etc,...
If one sees just a " < " prompt you are at the 'craft' shell
of the RC/V channel, the 5E login has not been set. The Craft shell is
running on the DMERT (which is a UNIX environment development operating
system,
a System V hack). The Craft shell prompt is a "<". From this shell one
will see several error messages. Here is a list and what they mean:
Error Message

Meaning

?A
?D
?E

Action field contains an error

Data field contains an error
Error exists in the message but can not be resolved to
the proper field (this is the "you have no idea"

message)
?I
?T

Identification field contains an error

Time-out has occurred on channel

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

?W

43

Warning exists in input line

Other output message meanings, from the RC/V craft menu.

OK
PF
RL
NG
IP
NA

Good
Printout follows
Retry later
No good, typically hardware failure
(ie: SM does not exist)
In progress
The message was not received by the backup control
process

When inputing RC messages it is best to do it in the middle of the day

since RC messages are sent to each channel! The SCC is watching and if
there are RC messages running across at 3 in the morning, the SCC is going
to wonder what the hell RCMAC (Recent Change Memory Administration Center)
is doing at three in the morning! However, one may be hidden by MARCH's
soaking, and the night shift at the SCC are overloaded and may miss
what is going on while correcting other major problems. So it is up to
you.
DMERT
~~~~~
The DMERT (Duplex Multiple Environment Real Time) uses the Western
Electric (another name for AT$T!) 3B20D Duplex processor (or 2 3B20S
Simplex processors). The DMERT software totals nearly nine thousand
source files, one million lines of non-blank source code,
and was developed by approximately 200 programers. There are eight main
releases of this software, they are referred to as generics (like 5E4.1,
5E4.2, to 5E8.1 also seen as 5E4(1), 5E4(2) to 5E8(1), this can be though
of as DOS version). DMERT is similar to regular UNIX but can be best
described
as a custom UNIX system based on the 3B20D, the DMERT OS can be ported to
PDP-11/70s or a large IBM Mainframe. The DMERT operating system is split
both
logically and physically. Physically, the software is evenly divided across
the five (there were seven Software Development systems all running a 3B20S
where the DMERT code was written) Software Development systems. Logical, the
software is divided into twenty-four different subsystems. To access this
from the "craft" shell of the RC/V channel, type:
RCV:MENU:SH!
NOTE:
This will dump one to a root shell, from which VaxBuster's (Who knows
nothing
about VAXen, always wondered about him) file on how to redirect a TTY may
come in useful.
Programing the 5ESS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
When programing the 5ESS there are things one should know, the first is that
one has a lot of power (just keep 911 in mind, it would be foolish to even

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

44

think of disrupting anyones service. 911 is there for a reason, it should

STAY
that way). And anything one does is logged, and can be watched from the
SCC. Note that the night SCC crew is a lot more lax on how things are done
then the day shift, so it would be best to do this at night. I could tell
you
how to crash the switch in two seconds, but that is not the point here.
Destroying something is easy, anyone can do that, there is no point to it.
All that taking down a switch will do is get one into jail, and get sued if
someone needed 911 etc,... (I think SRI is wishing they had talked to me
now).
RC from Craft Shell on RC/V Channel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RC and VFY is complex from the craft shell on the RC/V channel.
This is called the input text option. It is accessed by using the
RCV:APPTEXT:
This gets a little complex to follow, but the best thing to do
is to order the Manual 235-118-215 Recent Change Procedures Text Interface
[5E4] it is $346.87, another good one to get is 235-118-242, for $413 even
and last, but the best is 235-118-243, this beast is only $1344.63 what a
deal. When calling the CIC they will transfer you to a rep. from your area.
Gets to be kind of a pain in the ass, but.. Anyways, back on track:

RCV:APPTEXT:DATA[,SUMMARY|,NSUMMARY][,VFYIMMED|,VFYEND][,VFYNMVAL|,VFYSCIMG]
[,DEVICE={STDOUT|ROP|ROP0|FILE|TTYx}],FORM=...,DATA,FORM=...,END;
DATA

This is for more then one RC operation in the same command

FORM

The format that is to be used

SUMMARY (DEFULT)
NSUMMARY -

Turns on one line summaries on the read only printer (ROP)

VFYIMMED -

Prints out verifies (VFYs) immediately, does not wait for

session end.
Prints out all VFYs at session end, this is the DEFULT.

VFYEND

VFYNMVAL -

Turns off one line summary logging by the ROP

VFYSCIMG -

Print verify output in name-value pair format, this must be

directed into a file (see DEVICE).
Makes output into screen size image (DEFULT).

DEVICE

Redirect verify output to a device other than ones screen.

ROP/ROP0

Send verify output to the ROP

STDOUT

Send verify output to ones screen (DEFULT)

TTYx

- Send verify output to any valid tty (such as

ttya and ttyv) that exists in "/dev." You
must use the tty name, not tty number.
- Send verify output to a file in "/rclog". The
file will be prefixed with "RCTX", and the user
will be given the name of the file at the
beginning and end of the APPTEXT session.

FILE

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

END

45

END of message.

If the parameter is not entered on the command line, it may be

entered after the APPTEXT process begins, but must be entered prior to the
first "FORM=" statement. Here is a example of a MML RCV:APPTEXT.
rcv:apptext:data,form=2v1&vfy,set="[Link]"&lset="[Link]"&xxxxxxxx,pty=i,v
fy!
The 2V1 may look strange at first, it may help getting use to the basics
first. To just VFY telephone numbers, just do a:
RCV:APPTEXT:DATA,FORM=1V6-VFY,TN=5551212,VFY,END!
Though I can not really explain this any more then I have just due to
time and space. These input messages may look complex at first, but are
really simple, and much better then dealing with the menu system, but
you will need to learn RC yourself! No one can explain it to you.
Pulling AMA from the RC/V channel Craft Shell
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Pulling AMA up is done with one command. The command is:
OP:AMA:SESSION[,ST1|,ST2];
This command will request a report of the current or most recent automatic
message accounting (AMA) tape. ST1 and ST2 are the data streams.

Pulling up out of Service Lines, Trunks or Trunk Groups

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
One may want to pull up all the out of service lines, trunks, or
trunk groups for many reasons. These reasons i will not go into, but
from which lines can be set up. The command to do this from the craft
shell is a PDS command, this command is with a 'ball bat' (a `` ! '').
OP:LIST,LINES[,FULL][,PRINT][;[a][,b][,c][,d][,e]]!
OP:LIST,TRUNKS[,FULL][,PRINT][;[a][,b][,c][,d][,e]]!
OP:LIST,TG [,FULL][,PRINT][;[a][,b][,c][,d][,e]]!

FULL

All (primary and pending) are printed. Note FULL is not the
default when inputing this command.

PRINT

Print to the ROP in the CO.

a-e

This is port status to match against the subset of trunks, lines

or trunk groups that are specified. (This is required input
for FULL)

(Not a good idea)

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

46

The 5ESS RC/V Menu Shell

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To access this shell from the RC/V channel craft shell, type:
RCV:MENU:APPRC
at the `` < '' prompt.
To access the 5ESS RC/V menu system from the MCC, STLWS, and TLWS
channel/terminals, one uses what are called pokes. The poke that
is used here to access the RC/V Menu system on the 5ESS is 196.
Type 196 at the `` CMD< '' prompt, and you are on the RC/V menu system
of the 5ESS switch. This will cause ``RC/V 196 STARTING'' and
``RC/V 196 COMPLETED'' to be printed out on the ROP.
Either way, this will toss you into a menu system. The main menu looks like
this:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5ESS SWITCH WCDS0

RECENT CHANGE AND VERIFY CLASSES
H RCV HELP
A ADMINISTRATION
DEFINITION
B BATCH INPUT PARMS
1 LINES
2 LINES -- OE
3 LINES -- MLHG
4 LINES -- MISC.
5 TRUNKS17 CM MODULE
7 TRUNKS - MISC.
8 OFFICE MISC. & ALARMS

9 DIGIT ANALYSIS
10 ROUTING & CHARGING

20 SM PACK & SUBPACK

21 OSPS FEATURE

11
12
13
14
15

22
23
24
25
26
27
28

CUTOVER STATUS
BRCS FEATURE DEFINITION
TRAFFIC MEASUREMENTS
LINE & TRUNK TEST
COMMON NTWK INTERFACE

18 SM & REMOTE TERMINALS

19 SM UNIT

ISDN -- EQUIPMENT
ISDN
APPLICATIONS PROCESSOR
LARGE DATA MOVEMENT
OSPS TOLL & ASSIST/ISP
OSPS TOLL & ASSIST
GLOBAL RC - LINES

Menu Commands:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------The help menus for the 5ESS switch are lame, but I though that it would
be good to show them to you just for the hell of it, because it does explain
a little about the switch.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

47

SCREEN 1 OF 7 5ESS SWITCH

RECENT CHANGE VIEW H.1
COMMANDS FOR MENU PAGES
H

- Explains commands for MENU or views. If you enter H again, then it

will display next HELP page.
H# - Select HELP page. (# - help page number)
Q - Quit Recent Change and Verify.
R - Change mode to RECENT CHANGE
V - Change mode to VERIFY
< - Go to CLASS MENU page.
# - If on CLASS MENU page Go to a VIEW MENU page #.
# - If on VIEW MENU page Go to a RECENT CHANGE or VERIFY VIEW #.
#.# - Go to a RECENT CHANGE or VERIFY VIEW. (CLASS#.VIEW#)

--------------------------------------------------SCREEN 2 OF 7 5ESS SWITCH

RECENT CHANGE VIEW H.1
COMMANDS FOR MENU PAGES
#R
#I
#D
#DV
#U
#UI
#V
#N

Go to Recent Change view for read.

Go to Recent Change view for insert.
Go to Recent Change view for delete (only print Key fields).
Go to Recent Change view for delete with verify (print all fields).
Go to Recent Change view for update.
Go to Recent Change view for update in insert mode (user can change
each field sequentially without typing field number).
- Go to Verify view.
- Go to next menu page. Back to the 1st page if there's no next page.
-----------------------------------------------SCREEN 3 OF 7 5ESS SWITCH
RECENT CHANGE VIEW H.1
COMMANDS FOR BATCH

BMI - Delayed Activation Mode. Choose time or demand release (for time
release add service information). Select view number for Recent
Change.
BMD - Display Status of Delayed Activation Recent Changes.
BMR - Release a file of Recent Changes stored for Delayed Activation.
IM - Immediate Release Mode.

________________________________________________
SCREEN 4 OF 7 5ESS SWITCH
RECENT CHANGE VIEW H.1
COMMANDS FOR VIEWS
< - In first field: Leave this view and return to select view number.
< - Not in first field: Return to first field.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

^
^
>
*
?
Q
V

48

- In first field: Select new operation for this view.

- Not in first field: Return to previous field.
or ; - Go to end of view or stop at next required field.
- Execute the operation or go to next required field.
- Toggle help messages on and off.
- Abort this view and start over.
- Validate input for errors or warnings.

________________________________________________
SCREEN 5 OF 7 5ESS SWITCH
RECENT CHANGE VIEW H.1
COMMANDS FOR VIEWS
R
I
U
D
C

Review view from Data Base.

Insert this view into Data Base.
Update this view into Data Base.
Delete this view from Data Base (only print Key fields).
CHANGE: Change a field - All fields may be changed except key fields
when in the update mode only.
C - CHANGE-INSERT: Allowed in the review mode only - Allows you to review
C - CHANGE-INSERT: Allowed in the review mode only - Allows you to review
a view and then insert a new view with similar field. You must change
the key fields to use this facility. You may change other fields as
required by the new view.
P - Print hard copy of screen image (must have RC/V printer attached).

________________________________________________

SCREEN 6 OF 7 5ESS SWITCH

RECENT CHANGE VIEW H.1
COMMANDS FOR VIEWS
The following are used only on views containing LISTS.
`
:
[
]
;
#
{
}
=
*

- Blank entire row.

Sets this field to its default value.
- Sets this row to its default value.
- Go backward to previous row.
- Go forward to next row.
- Go to end of view or stop at next required field.
- Go to end of list and stop at next non-list field.
- Delete current row and move next row to current row.
- Move current row to next row and allow insert of row.
- Copy previous row to current row.
- Execute the operation or stop at next required field.

________________________________________________
SCREEN 7 OF 7 5ESS SWITCH
RECENT CHANGE VIEW H.1
COMMANDS FOR AUTOMATIC FORMS PRESENTATION

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

49

If RC/V is in automatic forms presentation and "Q" or "q" is

entered for the operation, the following commands are available.
A - Abort form fields. RC/V stays in the current form.
B - Bypass form. Go to next form using automatic forms presentation.
C - Cancel automatic forms presentation. The previous menu
will be displayed.
H - Display automatic forms presentation help messages.
< - Bypass form. Go to next form using automatic forms presentation.

____________________________________________________________________________
__

When accessing the databases, here is a list of database access selections:

I
R
U
D
V

(insert)
(review)
(update)
(delete)
(verify)

Insert
Review
Update
Delete
Verify

new data
existing data
or change existing data
(remove) unwanted data from the data base
the data in the data base.

These are to be entered when one sees the prompt:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------Enter Database Operation
I=Insert R=Review U=Update D=Delete : _
----------------------------------------------------------------------------When using the RC/V menu system of the 5ESS, you may go and just keep going
into
sub-menus, and fall off the end of the Earth. Here are the navigational
commands that are used to move around the menu system. As seen from the
RC/V menu system help, you see "SCREEN X out of X." This means that there
are
so many screens to go and to move between the screens you use the `` < '' to
move back (toward main menu) and `` > '' to move to the last menu. I know it
is shown in the help menu, but it is not explained like it needs to be.

Batch Input
~~~~~~~~~~~
The Batch Input feature for the 5ESS switch allows recent changes (RC)
to be entered at any date and time when the RC update would be
performed. This allows RC input to be entered quickly, and for a large
number of inputs. The large numbers of RC input can be released
quickly in batch mode. The RC input can then be entered at any time,
stored until needed, and then released for use by the system

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

50

whenever needed, at any specific date and/or time.

First and second level error correction is done during batch input.
There are several different modes of batch input. These are:
BMI - batch mode input - TIMEREL and DEMAND
BMD - batch mode display
BMR - batch mode release

BMI - Batch Mode Input - TIMEREL and DEMAND

Entering BMI (Batch Mode Input), one types `` BMI '' at the RC/V
menu prompt. Once entering, you will be prompted with whether
the input is DEMAND (demand) or TIMEREL (Time Release). DEMAND
input allows one to manual have the batch update the database,
TIMEREL is automatic. TIMEREL has one enter a time and date.
When using DEMAND, you will be prompted for the file name. The
file will be in `` /rclog '' in the DMERT OS.
In TIMEREL, you will be prompted with the CLERK-ID, which in this
case is the file name for the file in the `` /rclog ''. Then
for VERBOSE options, the RC SRVOR (Recent Change Service Order)
is displayed on the screen.
-RC SRVOR View in the BMI TIMEREL Batch Option-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5ESS SWITCH
RECENT CHANGE B.1
SERVICE ORDER NUMBER VIEW
*1. ORDNO
*2. ITNO
*3. MSGNO

__________
____
____

#4. RDATE
#5. RTIME

______
____

Enter Insert, Change, Validate, or Print:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------ORDNO
ITNO
MSGNO
RDATE
RTIME

=
=
=
=
=

Service Order Number

Item Number
Message Number
Release Date (Update database Date)
Release Time (Update database Time)

BMD - batch mode display

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

51

BMD is a "mask" of RC/V done from the RC/V channel craft shell, by using
the
REPT:RCHIST or a pseudo menu system. All transactions are displayed on the
ROP,
though the data could also be sent to a file in the `` /rclog '' in DMERT.
The Pseudo menu system looks like:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Summary of clerk activity
2. Activity by service order number
3. Activity by clerk ID
4. Return to view or class menu.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------1
2
3
4

allows one to view the "DELAYED RELEASE SUMMARY REPORT."

produces a "DELAYED RELEASE REPORT BY SERVICE ORDER."
produces the "DELAYED RELEASE REPORT BY CLERK ID."
Return to view or class menu, self-explanatory.

REPT:RCHIST - BMD
The REPT:RCHIST BMD (Text) command is done from the RC/V channel craft
shell. The command synopsis is:
5E2 - 5E5 (Generics)
REPT:RCHIST,CLERK=[,FORMAT={SUMMARY|DETAIL}]{[,ALL]|[,PENDING][,COMPLETE]
[,ERROR][,DEMAND]}[,DEST=FILENAME][,TIME=XXXXXXXXXX];
5E6 - 5E8 (Generics)
REPT:RCHIST,CLERK=a[,FORMAT={SUMMARY|DETAIL}] {,ALL|,b}[,DEST={c|FILE}]
[,TIME=XXXXXXXXXX];
SUMMARY
DETAIL
ALL
PENDING
COMPLETE

FILE
ERROR
DEMAND
TIME=XXXXXXXXXX

Report selection, format by key.

Report selection for Recent Change entire.
Report all recent changes.
Report pending recent change input.
Report released recent changes that was successful
when completed.
Name for file in /rclog
Report recent changes released with error.
Report demand recent changes.
XX - mounth, XX - day, XX - hour, XX minute, XX - Second

BMR - batch mode release

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

52

This is the manual release (updating) of the 5ESS database. This is done
from the RC/V channel craft shell. The command that is used is the
EXC:RCRLS
input message. There is no real need to go into this message.
Adding RCF (Remote Call Forward) on a 5ESS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. At the "MENU COMMANDS" commands prompt of the 5ESS main menu in the
RC/V APPRC menu system of the 5ESS, enter '12' for the "BRCS FEATURE
DEFINITION". Then access screen '1.11', this is the BRCS screen. When it
asks you to 'ENTER DATABASE OPERATION' enter "U" for Update and hit
return.
NOTE: When at menu '12,' you will NOT see '1.11' listed in the menu
options. By just accessing menu '1' you will not be able to add
features.
This is a problem with the 5ESS menu system.
2. Type in the Telephone Number. It should look like this:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------Mon Feb 31 09:09:09 2001

RFA_TN

------------------------------------------------------------------------SCREEN 1 OF 2

5ESS SWITCH WCDS0

RECENT CHANGE 1.11
BRCS FEATURE ASSIGNMENT (LINE ASSIGNMENT)

*1. TN 5551212
*5. PTY _*

A
_
_
_
_

ROW
P
1.
_
2.
_
3.
_
4.
_

11. FEATURE

* 2. OE _ ________
6. MLHG ____

/CFV

3. LCC ___
4. PIC 288
7. MEMB ____ 8. BFGN _______ _

FEATURE LIST (FEATLIST)

A P
15. FEATURE A P 19. FEATURE

A P

23. FEATURE

N _

________ _ _

________ _ _

________

________ _ _

________ _ _

________ _ _

________

________ _ _

________ _ _

________ _ _

________

________ _ _

________ _ _

________ _ _

________

----------------------------------------------------------------------------and will prompt you with:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------Enter Insert, Change, Validate, screen#, or Print: _
form operation prompt

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

53

----------------------------------------------------------------------------I
C
V
A
P
U

to
to
to
to
to
to

insert a form
change a field on a form
validate the form
display the desired screen number
print the current screen
update the form

Enter `` C '' to change, access filed 11 and row 1 (goto the /CFV
wherever it may be) or add /CFR if it is not there. If it does though,
leave the "A" (Active) field "N" (Yes or No). Change the P (Presentation)
column to "U" (Update). Then Hit Return.
NOTE: Different Generics have other fields, one of them being a AC
(Access
Code) field. This field is a logical field, that mean only accepts a
"Y" for yes and "N" for no. Also when adding the feature to the switch,
the row and field numbers may not be shown, but will always follow this
pattern. Also note that the /CFV (Call forwarding variable) feature may
not
be there, there maybe no features on the line. These examples are from
Generic 4 (2). Here is a example of 5E8 (which is not used too many
places,
but this is what menu 1.11 in the BRCS Feature Definition looks like:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------5ESS SWITCH
SCREEN 1 OF 2 RECENT CHANGE 1.11
(5112,5113)BRCS FEATURE ASSIGNMENT (LINE)
(*)1. TN _______ (*)2. OE _ ________
(*)6. MLHG ____
8. BFGN _______ _
(*)5. PTY _(*)
ROW

3. LCC ___

4. PID ___

7. MEMB ____

FEATURE

11. FEATURE LIST (FEATLIST)

A P AC R
ROW FEATURE
A P AC R

ROW

FEATURE

A P AC

________

_ _ _

________

_ _ _

15

________

_ _ _

________

_ _ _

________

_ _ _

16

________

_ _ _

________

_ _ _

10

________

_ _ _

17

________

_ _ _

________

_ _ _

11

________

_ _ _

18

________

_ _ _

________

_ _ _

12

________

_ _ _

19

________

_ _ _

________

_ _ _

13

________

_ _ _

20

________

_ _ _

________

_ _ _

14

________

_ _ _

21

________

_ _ _

R
1
_
2
_
3
_
4
_
5
_
6
_
7
_

Enter Insert, Change, Validate, screen#, or Print: _

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

54

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hit Return twice to get back to "ENTER UPDATE, CHANGE, SCREEN #, OR

PRINT:".
Enter a "U" for update and hit Return. It will say "FORM UPDATE".
3. Next access screen 1.22, call forwarding (line parameters) or it will
just come up automatically if you set the "P" to "U".

----------------------------------------------------------------------------Mon Feb 31 09:09:09 2001

RCFLNTN

---------------------------------------------------------------------5ESS SWITCH WCDS0

RECENT CHANGE 1.22
CALL FORWARDING (LINE PARAMETERS)
*1.
*6.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

TN
FEATURE
FWDTODN
BILLAFTX
TIMEOUT
BSTNINTVL
CPTNINTVL

5551212
CFR
______________________________
0
16. SIMINTER
0
17. SIMINTRA
0
18. CFMAX
0
19. BSRING

99
99
32
N

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------4. If you used the automatic forms presentation, it will have the telephone
number already on LINE1. If not retype the telephone number you want
forwarded. The bottom of the screen will say "ENTER UPDATE, CHANGE,
VALIDATE
OR PRINT:", type "C" for change and hit return.
5. When it says CHANGE FIELD type "9" and enter your forward to DN
(Destination
Number) including NPA if necessary. This will put you back to the "CHANGE
FIELD" prompt. Hit return again for the "ENTER UPDATE, CHANGE, VALIDATE
OR
PRINT:". Hit "U" for Update form and wait for "FORM UPDATED".
6. Lastly, access screen 1.12, BRCS FEATURE ACTIVATION (LINE ASSIGNMENT). At
the
prompt enter a "U" for Update, and on ROW 11 Line 1 (or wherever), change
the "N" in column "A" to a "Y" for Yes, and you are done.

Adding other features

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

55

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To add other features onto a line, follow the same format for adding the
/CFR, but you may not need to access 1.22. Some other features are:
Feature Code:
/LIDLXA
/CFR
/CWC1
/CFBLIO
/CFDAIO
/CFV
/CPUO
/CPUT
/CWC1D
/DRIC
/IDCT10
/IDCTX2
/IDCTX2
/IDCTX2
/IDCTX3
/IDMVP1
/IDMVP2
/IDMVP3
/MWCH1
/MWCTIA2
/TGUUT

Feature Name:
-

CLID
Remote Call Forward
Call Waiting
call forward busy line i/o
call forward don't answer i/o
call forwarding variable
call pick up o !used in the selq1 field!
call pick up t !used in the tpredq field!
Premiere call waiting
Dist. ring
Inter room ID
1digit SC
Interoom ID 2
Premiere 7/30, convenience dialing
Premiere 7/30, no cd
Premiere 2/6, no convenience dialing
Premiere 2/6, CD, not control sta.
Premiere 2/6, CD, control station
Call hold
Call transfer 2
Terminal group ID number with TG view (1.29).

ANI/F the whole switch

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Automatic Number Identification failure (also called "dark calls") are
caused by variety of different things. To understand this better, here are
the technical names and causes, note this is not in stone and the causes
are not the only causes for a ANI-F to occur.
ANF
ANF2

ANI

-- Failure to receive automatic number identification

(ANI) digits on incoming local access and transport
area (LATA) trunk.
-- Automatic number identification (ANI) collected by
an operator following a failure to receive ANI
digits on an incoming centralized automatic
message accounting (CAMA) trunk from the DTMF decoder.
-- Time-out waiting for far off-hook from Traffic
Service Position System (TSPS) before sending ANI
digits.

Though, I have always wondered how to set one up myself in a safe way.
One way nice way to get ANI/F through a 5ESS to use a inhibit command.
INH:CAMAONI;
The command will inhibits centralized automatic message accounting (CAMA)
operator number identification (ONI) processing. This is done from the DTMF
decoder (going over later). This message will cause a minor alarm too
occur.
If in the CO when the alarm occurs, you will here this bell all the time,
because something is always going out. In this case, this alarm is a level 1
(max to five) and the bell will ring once.

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

Once this message is inputed, all calls through CAMA operator will be
free of change. So just dial the operator and you will have free calls.
To place this back on the switch, just type:
ALW:CAMAONI;
and the minor alarm will stop, and things will go back to normal.

Setting up your own BLV on the 5ESS from the Craft shell RC/V Channel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Well, we have come to the fun part, how to access the No-Test trunk on
the 5ESS (this is also called adding the third trunk). I will not be too
specific on how to do this. You will need to figure out just how to do
this.
The first thing you want to do is to request a seizure of a line for
interactive trunk and line testing. One must assign a test position (TP).
SET:WSPHONE,TP=a,DN=b
SET:WSPOS,TP=a,DN=b
a = A number between 1 and 8
b = The number you wish assigned to the test position
This will chose a number to be the test number on the switch. Now using
the CONN:WSLINE one can set up a BLV.
CONN:WSLINE,TP=a,DN=b;
a = TP that you set from the SET:WSPOS
b = The number you want to BLV
To set this up on a MLHG (can come in real useful for those peksy
public packet switched networks), do a:
CONN:WSLINE,TP=a,MLHG=x-y;
x = MLHG number, y = MLHG member number

To take set things back to normal and disconnect the BLV do a:

DISC:WSPHONE,TP=z
z = TP 1 through 8
NOTE:
One may need to do a ALW:CALLMON before entering the CONN commands
BIG NOTE:
If you set your home telephone number as the test position, and you
have only one phone line, you are stupid.

56

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

57

Comments about the Underground

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
There are a few people out there who have no idea what they are doing,
and
go on thinking they know it all (i.e. No Name Brand). It pisses me off when
these people just go off and make shit up about things they have no idea
what they are talking about.
This file is to all the lazy people out there that just keep bitching
and moaning about not knowing where to find information.

Other Sources
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Here is a list of Manuals that you can order from the CIC (1-800-432-6600).
Note that some of these manuals are well over hundreds of dollars.
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual

234-105-110
235-001-001
235-070-100
235-100-125
235-105-110
235-105-200
235-105-210
235-105-220
235-105-231
235-105-24x
235-105-250
235-105-250A
235-105-331
235-105-44x
235-118-200
235-118-210
235-118-213
235-118-214
235-118-215
235-118-216
235-118-217

Manual 235-118-218
Release
Manual 235-118-21x
Manual 235-118-224
Manual 235-118-225
Manual 235-118-240
Manual 235-118-241
Manual 235-118-242
Manual 235-118-24x
Manual 235-118-311
Manual 235-118-400
Manual 235-190-101
Manual 235-190-105
Manual 235-190-115
Manual 235-190-120
Manual 235-190-130
Manual 235-190-300
Manual 235-600-103
Manual 235-600-30x
Manual 235-600-400

System Maintenance Requirements and Tools

Documentation Guide
Switch Administration Guidelines
System Description
System Maintenance Requirements and Tools
Precutover and Cutover Procedures
Routine Operations and Maintenance
Corrective Maintenance
Hardware Change Procedures - Growth
Generic Retrofit Procedures
System Recovery
Craft Terminal Lockout Job Aid
Hardware Change Procedures - Degrowth
Large Terminal Growth Procedures
Recent Change Procedures Menu Mode Generic Program
Recent Change Procedures Menu Mode
Menu Mode 5E4 Software Release
Batch Release 5E4 Software Release
Text Interface 5E4 Software Release
Recent Change Procedures
Recent Change Procedures Batch Release 5E5 Software
Release
Recent Change Attribute Definitions 5E5 Software
Recent Change Procedures - Menu Mode
Recent Change Procedures 5E6 Software Release
Recent Change Reference 5E6 Software Release
Recent Change Procedures
Recent Change Reference
Recent Change Procedures 5E8 Software Release
Recent Change Procedures
Using RMAS 5E4 Software Release
Office Records and Database Query 5E4 Software Release
Business and Residence Modular Features **
ISDN Features and Applications
Local and Toll System Features
Common Channel Signaling Service Features
Local Area Services Features
Billing Features
Translations Data
ECD/SG Data Base
Audits

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual
Manual

235-600-500
235-600-601
235-700-300
235-900-101
235-900-103
235-900-104
235-900-10x
235-900-301
250-505-100
363-200-101
TG-5

Assert Manual
Processor Recovery Messages
Peripheral Diagnostic Language
Technical Specification and System Description
Technical Specification
Product Specification
Product Specification
ISDN Basic Rate Interface Specification
OSPS Description and Procedures
DCLU Integrated SLC Carrier System
Translation Guide

Practice 254-341-100 File System Software Subsystem Description

3B20D Computer
Practice 254-301-110 Input-Output Processor Peripheral Controllers
Description and Theory of Operation AT$T 3B20D
Model 1 Computer
None.
Practice 254-341-220 3B20 System Diagnostic Software Subsystem
Description 3B20D Processor
CIC Select Code 303-001 Craft Interface User's Guide
CIC Select Code 303-002 Diagnostics User's Guide
CIC Select Code 303-006 AT$T AM UNIX RTR Operating System, System
Audits Guide
IM-5D000-01 Input Manual
OM-5d000-01 Output Manual
OPA-5P670-01 The Administrator User Guide
OPA-5P672-01 The Operator User Guide
OPA-5P674-01 The RMAS Generic - Provided User Masks
Trademarks
~~~~~~~~~~
5ESS - Registered trademark of AT$T.
CLCI - Trademark of Bell Communications Research, Inc.
CLLI - Trademark of Bell Communications Research, Inc.
ESS - Trademark of AT$T.
SLC - Registered trademark of AT$T.
UNIX - Registered trademark of AT$T.
DMERT - Registered trademark of AT$T.
SCCS - Registered trademark of AT$T
DMS - Registered trademark of Northern Telecom
DEC - Registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
VT100 - Trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
Acronyms and Abbreviations
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ADTS
ALIT
AMA
AP
ATICS
BLV
BMD
BMI
BMR
BRCS
CAMA

Automatic Data Test System

Automatic Line Insulation Testing
Automatic Message Accounting
Attached Processor (1AESS 3B20)
Automated Toll Integrity Checking System
Busy Line Verification
Batch Mode Display
Batch Mode Input - TIMEREL and DEMAND
Batch Mode Release
Business Residence Custom Service
Centralized Automatic Message Accounting

58

J.T.O. Phase II (Switching Specialisation) : 5ESS

CIC
DAMT
DLTU
DMERT
DSU
DTAC
GRASP
IOP
IPS
ISDN
ITNO
LMOS
LU
MCC
MLT-2
MML
MSGNO
MSGS
NCT
ODD
OE
ONI
ORDNO
OSPS
OSS
POVT
RC
RC/V
RDATE
RMAS
RTIME
RTS
SARTS
SCCS
SLC
SM
SMAS
SMPU
SONET
SPC
STLWS
TFTP
TIMEREL
TIRKS
TMS
TRCO
TSI
TSIU
TU
VFY

Customer Information Center (AT$T)

Direct Access Mechanize Testing
Digital Line Trunk Unit
Duplex Multiple Environment Real Time
Digital Service Unit
Digital Test Access Connector
Generic Access Package
Input/Output Processor
Integrated Provisioning System
Integrated Services Digital Network
Item Number
Loop Maintenance Operations System
Line Unit
Master Control Center
Mechanized Loop Testing - The Second Generation of Equipment
Man Machine Language
Message Number
Message Switch
Network Control and Timing
Office Dependent Data
Office Equipment
Operator Number Identification
Service Order Number
Operator Service Position System
Operations Support System
Provisioning On-site Verification Testing
Recent Change
Recent Change and Verify
Release Date (Update Database Date)
Remote Memory Administration
Release Time (Update Database Time)
Remote Test Unit
Switched Access Remote Test System
Switching Control Center System
Subicer Loop Carrier
Switching Module
Switched Maintenance Access System
Switch Module Processor Unit
Synchronous Optical Network
Stored Program Control
Supplementary Trunk and Line Work Station
Television Facility Test Position
Time Release
Trunk Integrated Record Keeping System
Time Multiplexed Switch
Trouble Reporting Control Office
Time Slot Interchangers
Time Slot Interchange Unit
Trunk Unit
Verify

59