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Code No: RR410203 Set No. 1
IV [Link] I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
COMPUTER METHODS IN POWER SYSTEMS
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. The load flow data for the power system shown in figure1 is given in the following
tables:
Figure 1
Bus code p-q Impedance zpq
1-2 0.08+j0.24
1-3 0.02+j0.06
2-3 0.06+j0.18
Generation Load
[Link]
Bus code Assumed bus voltage Megawatts Megavars Megawatts Megavars
1 1.05+j0 0 0 0 0
2 1.0+j0 20 0 50 20
3 1.0+j0 0 0 60 25
The voltage magnitude at bus 2 is to be maintained at 1.03 p.u. The maximum
and minimum reactive power limits of the generator at bus 2 are 35 and 0 megavars
respectively. With bus 1 as slack bus, obtain voltage at bus 3 using G.S. method
after first iteration.(Assume Base Mva=50) [16]
2. A sample power system is shown in diagram. Determine V2 and V3 by N.R method
after one iteration. The p.u. values of line impedances are shown in figure2.
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[16]
Figure 2
3. For the network shown in figure3, obtain the complex bus bar voltages at bus (2)
at the end of first iteration, using Fast Decoupled method. Line impedances are in
p.u. Given Bus (1) is slack bus with
V1 = 1.06 00 ,
P2 + jQ2 = −5.96 + j1.46
|V3 | = 1.02 P3 = 2.0 p.u.
Assume V02 = 16 00 and V03 = 1.026 00 .
Figure 3
[Link]
[16]
4. Develop the necessary matrices of
(a) Fault admittance matrix is phase and sequence component form. [6+6]
(b) Fault impedance matrix in sequence component form for a three phase fault
at a bus in a power system, for short circuit studies. [4]
5. Derive the expressions for fault Current at the buses and lines , Voltages at the
faulted bus and at other buses when a single ?line-to-ground fault occurs at a bus
on conventional phase ‘a’, using fault impedance and Bus impedance matrices , in
sequence component form. [16]
6. (a) Define the following terms :
i. Steady state stability limit.
ii. Dynamic state stability limit.
iii. Transient state stability limit .
(b) List the assumptions made in the transient stability solution techniques.
(c) Derive the expression for steady state stability limit using ABCD parameters.
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Code No: RR410203 Set No. 1
[2+2+2+4+6]
7. (a) Derive and explain theconcept of equal area criterion for stability analysis of
a power system.
(b) Discuss why
i. Transient stability limit is lower than steady state stability limit.
ii. The use of automatic reclosing circuit breakers improve system stability.
[Link]
[8+4+4]
8. (a) Give the mathematical model for the transient stability analysis of multi ma-
chine power system.
(b) Discuss fourth-order Runge-Kutta for solving the swing equation. [8+8]
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Code No: RR410203 Set No. 2
IV [Link] I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
COMPUTER METHODS IN POWER SYSTEMS
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
[Link]
1. (a) What are acceleration factors? Explain their importance in power flow studies.
(b) Describe load flow solution with P.V buses using G-S method.
2. (a) Describe the Newton-Raphson method for the solution of power flow equations
in power systems deriving necessary equations.
(b) What are P-V Buses? How are they handled in the above method.
3. For the system shown in figure3, find the voltage at the receiving end bus at the
[4+12]
[12+4]
end of first iteration. Load is 2 + j0.8 p.u. Voltage at the sending end (slack) is 1
+ j0p.u. Line admittance is 1.0 – j4.0 p.u. Transformer reactance is j0.4 p.u. Use
the Decoupled load flow method. Assume VR = 1 6 0◦
Figure 3
[16]
4. Develop the necessary matrices of
[Link]
(a) Fault admittance matrix is phase and sequence component form. [6+6]
(b) Fault impedance matrix in sequence component form for a three phase fault
at a bus in a power system, for short circuit studies. [4]
5. (a) Explain the three phase representation of a Power systems model for short
circuit studies using fault impedance and Bus impedance matrices and hence
develop the performance equations. [8]
(b) The bus impedance matrix in phase Component form is given by
1 2 3
abc 1 j0.5 j0.1 j0.2
ZBU S=
2 j0.1 j0.7 j0.3
3 j0.2 j0.3 j0.8
012
Determine ZBU S . Derive the formula used. [4+4]
6. (a) Define the following terms :
i. Steady state stability limit.
ii. Dynamic state stability limit.
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Code No: RR410203 Set No. 2
iii. Transient state stability limit .
(b) List the assumptions made in the transient stability solution techniques.
(c) Derive the expression for steady state stability limit using ABCD parameters.
[2+2+2+4+6]
7. Draw the diagrams to illustrate the application of equal area criterion to study
[Link]
transient stability for the following cases :
(a) A switching operation causing the switching out of one of the circuits, of a
double circuit line feeding an infinite bus.
(b) A fault on one of the parallel circuits of a two circuit line feeding an infinite
bus. The fault is very close to the sending end bus and is subsequently cleared
by the opening of faulted line. [8+8]
8. (a) What are the factors that affect transient stability?
(b) What are the methods used to improve the transient stability limit?
(c) Write some of the recent methods for maintaining stability. [6+6+4]
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Code No: RR410203 Set No. 3
IV [Link] I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
COMPUTER METHODS IN POWER SYSTEMS
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
[Link]
1. (a) Explain the load flow solution using G-S method with the help of a flow chart.
(b) How do you classify system variables in terms of state, input and output
variables, in power flow studies. [12+4]
2. (a) Describe the Newton-Raphson method for the solution of power flow equations
in power systems deriving necessary equations.
(b) What are P-V Buses? How are they handled in the above method. [12+4]
3. Consider the three bus system. The p.u line reactances are indicated on the figure3.
The line resistances are negligible.
Figure 3
[Link]
The data of bus voltages and powers are given below
Bus No. Type Latest Voltages Generation Demand
P Q P Q
0
1 Slack 16 0 - - - -
0
2 PQ 1.01 -8
6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.3
3 PQ 0.97 6 -100 - - 0.7 0.2
Determine the load flow solution to be solved using Decoupled method for one
iteration. [16]
4. (a) Develop the performance equations in admittance form using 3- φ represen-
tation for finding fault voltages and fault currents when a fault occurs at a
bus.
(b) The per Unit Bus Impedance Matrix is given by :
1 2 3
ZBU S = 1 j0.3 j0.2 j0.28
2 j0.2 j0.4 j0.25
3 j0.28 j0.25 j0.42
A three phase fault occurs at bus 2 through a fault impedance of j 0.2 [Link].
Calculate the fault current, bus voltages and line currently during the fault.
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Code No: RR410203 Set No. 3
5. Derive the expressions for fault Current at buses and lines, Voltages at the faulted
and other buses when a single-line-to-ground fault occurs at a bus on conventional
phase ‘a’, using fault impedance and Bus impedance matrices in phase Component
form. [16]
6. (a) Define the following terms :
i. Steady state stability limit.
[Link]
ii. Dynamic state stability limit.
iii. Transient state stability limit .
(b) List the assumptions made in the transient stability solution techniques.
(c) Derive the expression for steady state stability limit using ABCD parameters.
[2+2+2+4+6]
7. (a) Write a short notes on methods of improving stability of power system.
(b) A generator operating at 50Hz delivers 1 p.u. power to an infinite bus through
a transmission circuit in which resistance is neglected. A fault takes place
reducing the maximum power transferable to 0.3 p.u. where as before the
fault this power was 2.0 p.u. and after the clearance of the fault it is 1.5 p.u..
By the use of equal area criterion determine the critical clearing angle. [8+8]
8. (a) What are the factors that affect transient stability?
(b) What are the methods used to improve the transient stability limit?
(c) Write some of the recent methods for maintaining stability. [6+6+4]
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Code No: RR410203 Set No. 4
IV [Link] I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
COMPUTER METHODS IN POWER SYSTEMS
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
[Link]
1. The load flow data for the power system shown in figure1 is given in the following
tables:
Figure 1
Bus code p-q Impedance zpq
1-2 0.08+j0.24
1-3 0.02+j0.06
2-3 0.06+j0.18
Generation Load
[Link]
Bus code Assumed bus voltage Megawatts Megavars Megawatts Megavars
1 1.05+j0 0 0 0 0
2 1.0+j0 20 0 50 20
3 1.0+j0 0 0 60 25
The voltage magnitude at bus 2 is to be maintained at 1.03 p.u. The maximum
and minimum reactive power limits of the generator at bus 2 are 35 and 0 megavars
respectively. With bus 1 as slack bus, obtain voltage at bus 3 using G.S. method
after first iteration.(Assume Base Mva=50) [16]
2. A sample power system is shown in diagram. Determine V2 and V3 by N.R method
after one iteration. The p.u. values of line impedances are shown in figure2.
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Code No: RR410203 Set No. 4
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[16]
for implementing this algorithm.
Figure 2
3. (a) Derive Fast-Decoupled load flow algorithm and give step by step procedure
(b) State merits and demerits of this method.
4. Derive the equations for fault Current , line Currents , bus Voltages when a three
[10+6]
phase fault occurs (which is not grounded) at a bus, using fault admittance matrix
in phase Component form. [16]
5. Derive the expressions for fault impedance and fault admittance matrices in phase
and sequence components form necessary for short circuit analysis of power systems,
for three phase-to-ground fault. [4+4+4+4]
6. (a) Define the following terms :
i. Steady state stability limit.
[Link]
ii. Dynamic state stability limit.
iii. Transient state stability limit .
(b) List the assumptions made in the transient stability solution techniques.
(c) Derive the expression for steady state stability limit using ABCD parameters.
[2+2+2+4+6]
7. (a) What are the methods of improving transient stability.
(b) A generator is delivering 1.0 p.u. power to infinite bus system through a purely
reactive network. A fault occurs on the system and reduces the output to zero.
The maximum power that could be delivered is 2.5 p.u.. When the fault is
cleared, original network conditions exist again. Compute critical clearing
angle. [6+10]
8. (a) What are the factors that affect transient stability?
(b) What are the methods used to improve the transient stability limit?
(c) Write some of the recent methods for maintaining stability. [6+6+4]
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