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Diffusion and Dissolution in Pharmacy

Diffusion and dissolution are important mass transfer processes. Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration driven by random molecular motion. It is described by Fick's laws of diffusion. Dissolution is the process where solute molecules transfer from a solid to liquid solution. There are several theories that describe dissolution including the diffusion layer model. For oral dosage forms to dissolve, they often must first disintegrate in the gastrointestinal fluids, with disintegration increasing the surface area available for dissolution. Tablets and capsules may disintegrate directly while granules first need to disaggregate before dissolving.

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260 views10 pages

Diffusion and Dissolution in Pharmacy

Diffusion and dissolution are important mass transfer processes. Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration driven by random molecular motion. It is described by Fick's laws of diffusion. Dissolution is the process where solute molecules transfer from a solid to liquid solution. There are several theories that describe dissolution including the diffusion layer model. For oral dosage forms to dissolve, they often must first disintegrate in the gastrointestinal fluids, with disintegration increasing the surface area available for dissolution. Tablets and capsules may disintegrate directly while granules first need to disaggregate before dissolving.

Uploaded by

Ashique Farhad
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DIFFUSION &

DISSOLUTION
Reference:
Martins Physical Pharmacy
&
Aultons Pharmaceutics

Diffusion is defined as the spontaneous process of


mass transfer of individual molecules of a substance
brought about by random molecular motion and
associated with a driving force such as a
concentration gradient.

Ficks Laws of Diffusion

Large values of D correspond to fast diffusion. The diffusion coefficient depends both on
what is diffusing and on the medium in which it is diffusing.
The diffusion coefficient, D does not ordinarily remain constant. D is affected by
concentration, temperature, pressure, solvent properties, and the chemical nature of the
diffusing substance.

Ficks Laws of Diffusion


Ficks 2nd Law of Diffusion
An equation for mass transport that emphasizes the change in
concentration with time at a definite location rather than the mass
diffusing across a unit area of barrier in unit time is known as Fick's second
law.

Ficks Laws of Diffusion

Dissolution is the process of mass transfer of


molecules or ions from solid state to solution form.
Theories of Drug Dissolution:
I.
Diffusion layer model/Film Theory
II.

Danckwerts model/Penetration or surface


renewal Theory

III.

Interfacial barrier model/Double barrier or


Limited solvation theory.

Solid dosage forms may or may not disintegrate when they


interact with gastrointestinal fluid following oral
administration depending on their design.
For disintegrating solid oral dosage forms, disintegration
usually plays a vital role in the dissolution process since it
determines to a large extent the area of contact between the solid
and liquid.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the dissolution process

Dissolution process of solid dosage Forms :


TABLETS OR
CAPSULES
DISINTEGRATION

GRANULES OR
AGGREGATES

DISSOLUTION

DISSOLUTION

DRUG IN
SOLUTION
(IN-VITRO OR IN-VIVO)

IN-VIVO

DISAGGREGATION
DISSOLUTION

FINE PARTICLES

ABSORPTION
IN-VIVO

DRUG IN
BLOOD,OTHER
FLUIDS,AND
TISSUES

Reading Assignment for Weekend:


Martins Physical Pharmacy 5th
edition - Chapter 12: Diffusion
(pages 302, 305-6)
Aultons Pharmaceutics 3rd edition
Chapter 2: Dissolution &
Solubility (pages 17-18)

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