BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]
PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION WITH STUDIO 5 PROJECT
COMMUNITY LIBRARY
FINAL REPORT AND CALCULATION
NAME: EVON LOW SIEW CHENG
STUDENT ID: 0318156
TUTOR: MR. SIVA
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CONTENT
LIGHTING CALCULATIONS
1. NATURAL DAYLIGHTING
[Link] READING AREA
1-2
[Link] COLLECTION AREA
2. ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
[Link] STUDY AREA
3-4
5-7
[Link] SPACE
8-10
3. PERMENANT SUPPLEMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING FOR INTERIORS- PSALI
[Link] SPACE
11
[Link]
12-14
ACOUSTICS CALCULATIONS
4. REVERBERATION TIME
15-16
[Link] ROOM
[Link] ROOM
17-18
5. TRANSMISSION LOSS
[Link] KITCHEN AND CAF
19-20
[Link] EXTERIOR PUBLIC SPACE AND EXHIBITION
21-22
6. REFERENCES
23
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INTRODUCTION
The community library project is designed with the concept of bring
people from different generations together to share their skill and
knowledge. Besides, this library also aims to make Jalan Haji Salleh a
more vibrant place and also providing a safe place for the kids to
hangout after school.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this assignment is to enable students to be able to
understand the principles of lighting and acoustics by integrating the
project with studio 5, which involves design solutions to the issues
encountered such as natural lighting and ways to manage noise and
spatial acoustics.
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FLOOR PLANS
FIGURE A: GROUND FLOOR PLAN
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FIGURE B: FIRSTFLOOR PLAN
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FIGURE C: SECOND FLOOR PLAN
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FIGURE D: MEZANINE FLOOR PLAN
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NATURAL DAYLIGHTING
KIDS READING AREA
Figure 2.1: Kids Reading Area, First Floor
Daylighting factor distribution standard according to MS1525;
DAYLIGHT FACTOR (%)
>6
3-6
1-3
0-1
DISTRIBUTION
Very bright with thermal glare
problems
Bright
Average
Dark
The Kids reading area is located on the first floor of the library facing the
front view of the street. The front faade is made with glass panels with
perforated metal shading and concrete walls.
DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION FORMULA;
DF=
Ei
100
Eo
In this case, the ratio of Area of Space to Area of Faade allowing daylight
penetration is taken as the Daylight Factor (value confirmed by Ecotect
daylighting simulation);
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211
2
Area of Space ( m )
Area
of
Faade
penetration ( m
allowing
daylight 73.86
Ratio of Area of Space to Area of Faade
Daylight Factor (%)
Ei
73.86
=0.35
211
3.5
Ei=
Eo
DF
100
Ei=
32000
3.5
100
Ei=1120 lux
Based on calculations, the Daylight Factor calculated is as follows;
DAYLIGHT FACTOR (%)
>6
3-6
1-3
0-1
DISTRIBUTION
Very bright with thermal glare
problems
Bright
Average
Dark
The Ei value obtained is 1120 lux at 3.5% daylight factor. Under the
MS1525 standard, it falls under the bright category, which is optimum for
the kids reading area, making it more comfortable for the users of the
space to read or play.
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BOOK
COLLECTION
AREA
Figure 2.2: Book Collection Area, Second Floor
Daylighting factor distribution standard according to MS1525;
DAYLIGHT FACTOR (%)
>6
DISTRIBUTION
Very bright with thermal glare
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problems
Bright
Average
Dark
3-6
1-3
0-1
The selected space is the Book Collection area which is found on the
second floor of the library. It is placed in the middle of the library plan, the
rear facade which consist of two large glass panels to allow natural
lighting to penetrate into the building
DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION FORMULA;
DF=
Ei
100
Eo
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In this case, the ratio of Area of Space to Area of Faade allowing daylight
penetration is taken as the Daylight Factor (value confirmed by Ecotect
daylighting simulation),
Area of Space ( m
Area
of
Faade
penetration ( m
128
)
allowing
daylight 181.025
Ratio of Area of Space to Area of Faade
Daylight Factor (%)
Ei
181.025
=1.41
128
14.1
Ei=
Eo
DF
100
Ei=
32000
14.1
100
Ei=4512 lux
Based on calculations, the Daylight Factor calculated is as follows;
Daylight Factor (%)
>6
3-6
1-3
0-1
Distribution
Very bright with thermal glare
problems
Bright
Average
Dark
The Ei value obtained is 4512 lux and 14.1% daylight factor. Under the
MS1525 standard, it falls under the very bright category with thermal
glare problem. To solve the thermal glare problem, double glazed low-e
laminated glass panels is used to decrease the thermal gain, besides, the
flat roof is over hanged to provide shading for the building and decrease
the amount of light entering the building, while will provide a comfortable
experience to users.
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ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
QUIET STUDY AREA
Figure 2.5: Quiet Study Zone, Second Floor
TYPE OF LUMIARES USED
Type of Fixtures
Circular LED indirect soft light downlight
Product Brand and code
Luminous Flux (lm)
Colour Rendering Index
(CRI)
Colour Temperature (K)
Wattage (per head)
Voltage
ABB: DL6WS15F30P110
3000
80
4500k neutral white
11 Watt
120V
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LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION quiet room
Dimension of Room (m)
Length, l = 10 m
Width, W = 7.9 m
Height, H = 4 m
Total Floor Area (m)
Height of Luminaire (m)
Work Plane Height (m)
Mounting Height
Lumen of Light Fixtures (lux)
Standard
illumination
(MS1525)
Reflectance value
Room Index / RI (K)
79
4
0.8
3.2
3000 lux
200 lux
K=[
L W
]
( L+W ) H m
Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
10 7.9
K=[
]
( 10+7.9 ) 3.2
K=[
Floor: 0.2
79
]
57.28
K=1.38
Utilization Factor, UF (refer 0.56
chart)
Maintenance Factor, MF
1.0 (GIVEN)
No. of Luminaire, N
N=[
N=[
E A
]
F UF MF
200 79
]
3000 0.56 1
N=9.4 9
Spacing
(SHR)
SHR =
to
Height
Ratio
SHR =
1
A
Hm
N
1
79
3.2
9
SHR =0.93
Use
S max =SHR H m
S max =0.93 3.2
S max =2.96 m
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Fittings Layout
Fittings required along 10m wall
10
=3 rows
2.96
Fittings required along 7.9m wall
7.9
=2.6 3rows
2.96
No. of Fittings = 3 x 3 = 9
ARRANGEMENT OF LIGHTING
Figure 2.6: Quiet Study Zone, Lighting Arrangement
According to the MS1525 standards, the Quiet Study Zone should have
about 200 lux illumination for user comfort. When calculated to fulfil this
standard with a 3000lux downlight, a total of 9 luminaires with spacing of
not more than 2.96m is needed to fulfil the requirements.
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Figure [Link]
Study Room Light
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EXHIBITION SPACE
Figure 2.3: Exhibition space, Ground Floor
TYPE OF LUMIARES USED
Type of Fixtures
Circular LED downlight
Product Brand and code
Luminous Flux (lm)
Colour Rendering Index (CRI)
Colour Temperature (K)
Wattage (per head)
Voltage
COMPACT: SKU: 911401589111
3000
80
4500k neutral white
30 Watt
200V
LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION
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Dimension of Room (m)
Length, l = 10 m
Width, W =7.8 m
Height, H = 3.5 m
Total Floor Area (m)
Height of Luminaire (m)
Work Plane Height (m)
Mounting Height
Lumen of Light Fixtures (lux)
Standard
illumination
(MS1525)
Reflectance value
Room Index / RI (K)
100 m
3.5 m
1.2 m
2.3 m
3000 lux
200 lux
K=[
L W
]
( L+W ) H m
Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
10 7.8
K=[
]
( 10+7.8 ) 2.3
K=[
Floor: 0.2
78
]
40.94
K=1.905
Utilization Factor, UF (refer 0.65
chart)
Maintenance Factor, MF
0.8
No. of Luminaire, N
N=[
E A
N=[
]
F UF MF
200 100
]
3000 0.65 0.8
N=13
Spacing
(SHR)
to
Height
Ratio
SHR =
1
A
SHR =
Hm
N
1
100
2.3
13
SHR =1.2
Use
S max =SHR H m
S max =1.2 2.3
S max =2.8 m
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Fittings Layout
Fittings required along 7.8m wall
7.8
=2.79 3 rows
2.8
Fittings required along 10m wall
10
=3.57 4 rows
2.8
No. of Fittings = 3 x 4 = 12
ARRANGEMENT OF LIGHTING
Figure 2.4: Exhibition space, Lighting Layout
According to the MS1525 standards, exhibition should have about 200 lux
illumination for user comfort. When calculated to fulfil this standard with a
3000lux downlight, a total of 12 luminaires with spacing of not more than
2.8 is needed to fulfil the requirements.
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PSALI - Permanent
Lighting for Interiors
Supplementary
Artificial
EXHIBITION SPACE
Figure 3.1: Exhibition Space, Lighting Layout, PSALI
There are 12 luminaires installed for the exhibition space in 4 rows. They
are to be controlled through 3 sets of switches, one for each row. SW1 and
SW3 can be turned off during the day as sufficient daylight enters the
space through the front window, whereas SW2 would be turned on most
throughout the day to fulfil the 200 lux requirement as stated in MS1525
and also to provide uniform lighting for the exhibition.
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MAKERSPACE
Figure3.2: Makerspace, Ground Floor
TYPE OF LUMIARES USED
Type of Fixtures
Product Brand and code
Luminous Flux (lm)
Colour Rendering Index (CRI)
Colour Temperature (K)
Wattage (per head)
Voltage
Circular LED downlight
COMPACT: SKU: 911401589111
3000
80
4500k neutral white
30 Watt
200V
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LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION
Dimension of Room (m)
Length, l =7 m
Width, W = 7.8 m
Height, H = 3.5 m
Total Floor Area (m)
Height of Luminaire (m)
Work Plane Height (m)
Mounting Height
Lumen of Light Fixtures (lux)
Standard
illumination
(MS1525)
Reflectance value
Room Index / RI (K)
54.6 m
3.5 m
1m
2.5 m
3000 lux
300 lux
K=[
L W
]
( L+W ) H m
Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
7 7.8
K=[
]
( 7+7.8 ) 2.5
K=[
Floor: 0.2
54.6
]
37
K=1.5
Utilization Factor, UF (refer 0.6
chart)
Maintenance Factor, MF
0.8
No. of Luminaire, N
N=[
N=[
E A
]
F UF MF
300 54.6
]
3000 0.6 0.8
N=11
Spacing
(SHR)
SHR =
to
Height
Ratio
SHR =
1
A
Hm
N
1
54.6
2.5
11
SHR =0.89
Use
S max =SHR H m
S max =0.89 2.5
S max =2.2 m
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Fittings Layout
Fittings required along 7m wall
7
=3.18 3 rows
2.2
Fittings required along 7.8m wall
7.8
=3.5 4 rows
2.2
No. of Fittings = 3 X 4 =12
ARRANGEMENT OF LIGHTING AND PSALI
Figure 3.3: Makerspace, Lighting Layout, PSALI
According to the MS1525 standards, a makerspace should have about 300
lux illuminations for user comfort and usage. When calculated to fulfil this
standard with a 3000lux downlight, a total of 12 luminaires with spacing of
2.2 is needed to fulfil the requirements.
There are 12 luminaires installed for the dance studio in 3 rows. They are
to be controlled through 3 sets of switches, one for each row. SW1 can be
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turned off during the day as sufficient daylight enters the space through
the open entrance, whereas SW2 and SW3 would be turned on most
throughout the day to fulfil the 300 lux requirement as stated in MS1525.
ACOUSTIC CALCULATIONS
REVERBERATION TIME
MEETING ROOM
Figure 4.1: Meeting Room, First Floor
3
Volume of space = Area x Height = 14.67 x 3.5 = 51.32 m
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MEETING ROOM
LOCATION
MATERIAL
AREA, A(m2)
Wall
Concrete
Plasterboa
rd
Glass
Glass
Wood
Cushion
Carpet
Human
12.95
Ceiling
Door
Wall
Table
Chair
Floor
Human
14.8
2.2
5.5
1.8
1.44
14.8
10
Absorption
Coefficient, S
500Hz
2000Hz
0.02
0.02
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.49
0.2
0.36
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.09
0.7
0.3
0.37
SA
500Hz
0.259
2000Hz
0.259
2.22
0.22
0.55
0.018
0.7
2.96
3.6
10.689
0.74
1.54
3.85
0.162
1
4.44
3.7
15.691
Below is the calculation for the sound absorption for all materials at 500Hz
and 2000Hz,
At 500hz,
at 2000hz,
RT=
0.16 V
A
RT=
0.16 V
A
RT=
0.16(51.32)
8.603
RT=
0.16(51.32)
15.691
RT=0.77 s
RT=0.52 s
From the calculation above, the reverberation time of Meeting Room is from
0.77s - 0.52s which is within the range of the standard requirement which is
within the range of 0.8s -1.2s, therefore, this meeting room has sufficient sound
absorption that suits its intended purpose.
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DISCUSSION ROOM
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Figure 4.2: Discussion Room, Second Floor
3
Volume of space = Area x Height = 14.43 x 3.5 = 50.5 m
Below is the calculation for the sound absorption for all materials at 500Hz
and 2000Hz,
DISCUSSION ROOM
LOCATION
Wall
Ceiling
Door
Wall
Window
Table
Chair
Floor
Human
MATERIAL
Concrete
Concrete
Glass
Glass
Glass
Wood
Cushion
concrete
Human
At 500hz,
Absorption
AREA, A(m2) Coefficient, S
500Hz 2000Hz
37.3
0.02
0.02
14.43
0.02
0.02
2.2
0.1
0.07
9.9
0.1
0.07
3.8
0.1
0.07
0.64
0.01
0.09
1.08
0.49
0.7
14.43
0.2
0.2
6
0.36
0.37
SA
500Hz
0.746
0.2886
0.22
0.99
0.38
0.0064
0.5292
2.886
2.16
8.2062
at 2000hz,
RT=
0.16 V
A
RT=
0.16 V
A
RT=
0.16( 50.5)
8.2062
RT=
0.16( 50.5)
8.0672
RT=0.99 s
2000Hz
0.746
0.2886
0.154
0.693
0.266
0.0576
0.756
2.886
2.22
8.0672
RT=1 s
From the calculation above, the reverberation time of Discussion Room is
from 0.99s - 1s which is within the range of the standard requirement
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which is within the range of 0.8s -1.2s, therefore, this Discussion room has
sufficient sound absorption that suits its intended purpose.
TRANSMISSION LOSS
BETWEEN KITCHEN AND CAFE
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Figure5.1: Workshop, Second Floor
STANDARD REQUIREMENTS
A kitchen space is assumed to have a sound pressure level of 65 dB
during peak time use from the Noise Criteria. According to the American
National standards (ANSI), the sound pressure level of a cafe space should
not exceed 40dB. Therefore, the barrier between these must bring down
the noise level by at least 25dB for the requirements to be met
CALCULATION (SRI)
WALL (plastered brick): 53 dB
Door (Timber): 43 dB
1
Use, SRI 10 log T
1
SRI 10 log T
53
T=
10 log
1
T
35
1
5.3
10
T=
T =5.01 106
Compone
nts
Wall
Door
1
T
1
4.3
10
T =5.01 105
Material
Area
( Sound
2
m )(S) Reductio
n Index
(SRI)
150mm Brick A=6.3 x 53
wall
3.5
plastered
=20.05
both sides
m2
Timber Door
10 log
A=2.2 x 43
0.9
=2
Transmissi
on
Coefficient
(T)
6
5.01 10
5.01 105
SxT
1.0 10
1.0 104
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m2
Use TL, equation
T av=
ST 1+ST 2
S total
T av=
( 1.0 10 )+(1.0 10 )
22.05
T av=9.07 10
Substitute into SRI equation
SRI =10 log
1
T av
SRI =10 log
1
9.07 106
SRI =50 dB
65 dB 50 dB = 15dB
Hence, from the calculation above, a 150mm brick wall plastered on both
sides is able to bring down the noise pressure of 65dB from the kitchen
down to 15dB in the cafe.
EXTERIOR PUBLIC SPACE TO EXHIBITION
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PUBLIC SPACE
Figure 5.2: Exhibition Space, Ground Floor
STANDARD REQUIREMENTS
A public space is assumed to have a sound pressure level of 60 dB during
peak time use from the Noise Criteria. According to the American National
standards (ANSI), the sound pressure level of a exhibition space should
not exceed 35dB. Therefore, the barrier between these must bring down
the noise level by at least 25dB for the requirements to be met.
CALCULATION (SRI)
WALL (glass): 26 dB
1
Use, SRI 10 log T
26
T=
10 log
1
T
1
10 2.6
T =2.51 103
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Compone
nts
Material
Wall
Glass
Area
( Sound
2
Reductio
m )(S)
n Index
(SRI)
A=9.25 x 26
3.5
=32.36
m2
Transmissi
on
Coefficient
(T)
2.51 103
SxT
8.12 102
Use SRI Equation
SRI =10 log
1
T av
SRI =10 log
1
3
2.51 x 10
SRI =26 dB
60 dB 26 dB = 34dB
Hence, from the calculation above, a 29mm thick glass is able to bring
down the noise pressure of 60dB from the public space down to 34dB in
the exhibition.
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REFERENCES
Acoustic
Traffic.
(2014).
ABSORPTION
COEFFICIENTS.
Retrieved
from
[Link]
E-Boutiqs. (2013). Philips Essential 12W LED Downlight - 3000K - Warm White.
Retrieved
from
[Link]
[Link]
Pacific Door Systems Limited. (2016). Acoustic Doors. Retriever from
[Link]
The Brick Industry Association. (August, 2000). Technical Notes 5A - Sound
Insulation - Clay Masonry Walls. Retrieved from
[Link]
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