Inventory Valuation
FIFO Periodic
FIFO Perpetual
Edjierson John Ongbit Derecho
PRACTICE
EXERCISE
1)
The Delta company uses a periodic inventory system. The beginning balance of
inventory and the purchases made by Delta during the month of July are given below:
Date
Description
Units
Unit cost
Total cost
July 01
Beginning inventory
500
$20
$10,000
July 18
Inventory purchased
800
$24
$19,200
July 25
Inventory purchased
700
$26
$18,200
Total
______
________
2,000
$47,400
______
________
Delta company sold 1400 units during the month
REQUIREMENT: USING FIFO, SOLVE FOR:
A) ENDING INVENTORY
B) COST OF GOODS SOLD
C) COST OF GOODS AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Solution:
Ending inventory in units:
Beginning
inventory
Purchases
made during
the month of
July (800 +
700)
500 units
1,500 units
Ending inventory:
600 units $26 = $15,600
Cost
goods
500 ofunits
sold
$20(COGS):
$10,000
800 units $24
$19,200
100 units $26
$2,600
Available for
sale during the
month of July
2,000 units
Units sold
during the
month of July
1,400 units
Cost of goods sold
(COGS)
$31,800
Ending
inventory
600 units
-
Cost of goods available for
sale
$47,400
Less ending inventory
$15,600
Cost of goods sold (COGS)
$31,800
2) Great company uses FIFO Perpetual inventory system. The inventory
transactions for September of the current year were as follows:
DATE
DESCRIPTION
September 1
8
18
22
30
Beginning Balance
Sale
Purchase
Sale
Purchase
REQUIREMENT: USING FIFO, SOLVE FOR:
A) ENDING INVENTORY
B) COST OF GOODS SOLD
C) COST OF GOODS AVAILABLE FOR SALE
UNITS
UNIT COST
TOTAL COST
800
200
160, 000
500
700
210
147, 000
220
110, 000
800
500
DATE
PURCHASES
UNIT COST TOTAL COST
UNIT
September
1
8
18
22
700
30
500
210
220
SALES
UNIT COST TOTAL COST
UNIT
500
200
100000
300
500
200
210
60000
105000
147000
110000
COS
UNIT
BALANCE
UNIT COST TOTAL COST
800
200
160000
300
200
60000
300
200
60000
700
210
147000
200
210
42000
200
210
42000
500
220
110000
265000
EI
COGAS
417000
152000
What is First in, First out (FIFO)?
It assumes that the goods first purchased are first sold and
consequently the goods remaining in the inventory at the end of the
period are those most recently purchased or produced
It is in accordance with the ordinary merchandising procedure that
the goods are sold in the order they are purchased
The rule is first come, first sold
What is First in, First out (FIFO)?
Inventory is expressed in terms of recent or new prices and cost of
goods sold is representative of earlier prices
This method favor the statement of financial position in that the
inventory is stated at current replacement cost
Objection to the method
There is improper matching of cost against revenue because the cost
of goods sold are stated at earlier or older prices resulting in an
understatement of cost of sales
In a period of inflation or rising of prices, the FIFO method would
result to the highest net income
In a period of deflation or declining of prices, the FIFO method would
result to the lowest net income
Methods used in FIFO
Periodic
Perpetual
-this method requires the preparation stock cards
NOTE:
Under FIFO-periodic and FIFO-perpetual, the inventory costs are
the same
Additional Information
In general, sales returns should be costed back to the unit price of the most recent inventory
Except in cases where all of the goods sold were from the older inventories, sales returns should be
costed to the price of the older inventories
inventory
Example:
inventory, beg
5000 @ 50
purchase
3000 @ 60
sale
3000
sales return
2000
The sales return should have a unit cost of 50 since all of the goods sold were from the beginning inventories
Additional Information
inventory
Example:
inventory, beg
4000 @ 50
purchase
3000 @ 60
sale
5000
sales return
2000
Following the general rule, the sales return should be costed back to the latest purchase which is 60 per unit
Sales
Gross Sales
Less: Sales Ret. and Allow.
Sales Discounts
Net Sales
Cost of Sales
Beg. Inventory
Purchases
Add: Freight-in
Less: Purchase Ret. And Allow.
Purchase Discounts
Net Purchases
Goods Available for Sale
Ending Inventory
Cost of Sales
Gross Profit
Less: Selling and Admin
NET INCOME
XX
XX
XX
(XX)
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
(XX)
(XX)
XX
(XX)
XX
1) QUALI company which used the periodic inventory system provided
the following transaction for June:
June
PURCHASES
2
4
7
9
12
SALES
7500 @ 304
4000 @ 320
6000 @ 325
3500 @ 330
2500 @ 313
June
Beginning Inventory was 3000 @ 300
REQUIREMENTS:
a) cost of the ending inventory
b) cost of goods sold
c) cost of goods available for sale
d) gross profit
2
9
12
14
24
2500 @ 500
6500 @ 500
3000 @ 550
6000 @ 550
4500 @ 600
EI
4000 units
2500
1500
313
330
1,277,500.00
3000
300
900,000.00
7500
304
2,280,000.00
4000
320
1,280,000.00
6000
325
1,950,000.00
3500
330
1,155,000.00
2500
313
782,500.00
8,347,500.00
COGAS
COS
Sales
COS
7,070,000.00
2500
500
1,250,000.00
6500
3000
500
550
3,250,000.00
1,650,000.00
6000
550
3,300,000.00
4500
600
2,700,000.00
12,150,000.00
(7,070,000.00)
5,080,000.00
2) Hmmm Company provided the following data for purchases and
sales:
PURCHASES
2013
2014
2015
UNITS
UNIT COSTS
5000
9000
15000
50
60
75
REQUIREMENTS:
a) 2015 ending inventory units
b) 2015 beginning inventory units
c) 2015 Cost of Goods Sold
d) 2015 Gross Profit
SALES
COST
250,000.00
540,000.00
1,125,000.00
UNITS
4000
7000
12000
REVENUE
280,000.00
630,000.00
1,200,000.00
PURCHASES
5000
9000
15000
Inventory, end
Sales
COS
inv, beg
purch
cogas
inv, end
SALES
4000
7000
12000
INVENTORY INCREMENT
1000
2000
3000
6000
1,200,000.00
3000
6000
60
180,000.00
1,125,000.00
1,305,000.00
75 (450,000.00)
(855,000.00)
345,000.00
3) Oraaayt company sells Brand X product. During a move to a new location, the
inventory records for the product were misplaced. The entity has been able to
gather some information from the purchases and sales records. The February
purchases are as follows:
DATE
QUANTITY UNIT COST
July 5
10, 000
65
9
12, 000
63
12
15, 000
60
25
14, 000
62
On February 28, 15, 000 units were in hand. The sales for the month amount to
P6, 000, 000 or 60, 000 units at P100 per unit. The entity has always used a periodic
FIFO inventory costing system. Gross profit on sales for the month was
P2, 400, 000.
REQUIREMENTS:
a) How much is the cost of the beginning inventory?
b) How much is the cost of the ending inventory?
c) How much is the Cost of Goods Sold?
d) Assuming FIFO-perpetual, how much is the cost of the beginning inventory?
sales
gross profit
cost of sales
inventory, end
cost of goods available for sale
purchases
inventory, beg
14000
1000
62 868000
60 60000
928000
6,000,000.00
(2,400,000.00)
3,600,000.00
928000
4,528,000.00
(3,174,000.00)
1,354,000.00