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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

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Data Flow Diagrams Symbols

System Analysis and Design

Source/
Sink

System a group of interrelated procedures

used for a business function, with an
identifiable boundary, working together for
some purpose.
Analysis separation of a whole into its
component parts

0.0
Process

DATA STORE

Data Flow Lines

Design to create, fashion, execute, or

construct according to plan
Physical Data Flow Diagrams show how
the current system flows
Logical Data Flow Diagrams show the data
flow, structure, and requirements of a new
system

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Data Flow Diagrams Symbols

Source/
Sink

0.0
Process

Source/Sink help to establish the

boundaries of the system. A source identifies
the origin of data inflow to the system. A sink
identifies the outflow of a system, many times
as information.

Sometimes referred to an entity, a source

may be a customer, vendor, employee, or
even another system. A single entity can be
both a source and a sink.

DATA STORE

Data Flow Lines

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Data Flow Diagrams Symbols

Source/
Sink

0.0
Process

DATA STORE

Processes are the activities (manual and

automated) that transform the inputs,
transport data from process to process,
stores the data, and produce the outputs of a
system.

Processes are used on every DFD starting

with an over all process on the context level
diagram, the system. The system is then
decomposed until a primitive level is
obtained. The primitive level is the point in
which the relevant activities of a process are
identified.

Data Flow Lines

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Data Flow Diagrams Symbols

Source/
Sink

0.0
Process

Data Store is the resting place of the data

in a system. A data store can be in the form
of paper, a disk file or any other media.
Normally the word data does not appear in
the title of a data store. Some examples of
data stores are Customer Order, Payment,
Invoice, Time Card

DATA STORE

Data Flow Lines

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Data Flow Diagrams Symbols

Source/
Sink

Data Flow is the data in motion. Data can

move from the outside (source) into a
process. Once the inside of a system data
must flow from place to place through a
process, the flow lines show this movement.

0.0
Process

The lines are labeled to provide clarity and

meaning to the data moving through the
system.

DATA STORE

Data Flow Lines

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Data Flow Diagrams Levels

Context Level DFD

Source/
Sink

Source/ Sink

Data Flow

0.0
Process

Data Flow

Source/ Sink

Data Flow

Level 0 DFD
0.0
Process

1.0
Process

Data Flow
Data Flow

DATA STORE

Source/ Sink

Data Flow Lines

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Data Flow

2.0
Process

Data Flow

Data Flow

Source/ Sink

Data Flow
3.0
Process

Data Flow

Data Flow Diagrams Levels

Source

Source/
Sink

Level 1 DFD (and on)

Data Flow

1.1
Process

0.0
Process

DATA STORE

Source

Data Flow

1.2
Process

DATA STORE

Data Flow Lines

Data Flow
Sink

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Data Flow Diagrams Levels

Prepared by: yourname

Project Name

Project Name

Date: 01/01/2002

Context Level DFD

Prepared by: yourname

Date: 01/01/2002

Level 1 DFD
Data Flow

1.1
Process

Source/ Sink

Data Flow

0.0
Process

Project Name

Source/ Sink

Data Flow

DATA STORE

1.2
Process

Data Flow

Data Flow
Prepared by: yourname

Project Name

Data Flow

Date: 01/01/2002

Data Flow
1.1
Process

DATA STORE

Project Name

Source/ Sink

Data Flow

2.0
Process

Prepared by: yournam

Date: 01/01/2002

Level 1 DFD

Data Flow

Data Flow

Data Flow

Source/ Sink

Data Flow
1.1
Process

Data Flow
3.0
Process

1.2
Process

Data Flow

1.0
Process

Data Flow

Date: 01/01/2002

Level 1 DFD

Level 0 DFD

Data Flow

Prepared by: yourname

DATA STORE

Data Flow

Data Flow

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1.2
Process

Data Flow

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Steps:

1. Create a list of activities

2. Construct Context Level DFD
(identifies sources and sink)
3. Construct Level 0 DFD
(identifies manageable sub process )
4. Construct Level 1- n DFD
(identifies actual data flows and data stores )

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Lemonade Stand Example

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example

The operations of a simple

lemonade stand will be
used to demonstrate the
creation of dataflow
diagrams.

Steps:

1. Create a list of activities

2. Construct Context Level DFD
(identifies sources and sink)
3. Construct Level 0 DFD
(identifies manageable sub processes )
4. Construct Level 1- n DFD
(identifies actual data flows and data stores )

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example

1. Create a list of activities

Think through the activities

that take place at a
lemonade stand.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment
Produce Product
Store Product

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example

1. Create a list of activities

Also think of the additional

activities needed to support
the basic activities.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment
Produce Product
Store Product
Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials
Pay for Labor

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example

1. Create a list of activities

Group these activities in

some logical fashion,
possibly functional areas.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment
Produce Product
Store Product
Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials
Pay for Labor

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example

Create a context level

diagram identifying the
sources and sinks (users).

2. Construct Context Level DFD

(identifies sources and sink)
Context Level DFD
Order

Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

CUSTOMER

Produce Product
Store Product

Sales Forecast
0.0
Lemonade Production Schedule EMPLOYEE
Pay
System

Product Served
Payment
Received Goods
Payment

Time Worked

Purchase Order

SUPPLIER

Order Raw Materials

Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example

Create a level 0 diagram

identifying the logical
subsystems that may exist.

3. Construct Level 0 DFD

(identifies manageable sub processes )
Level 0 DFD
1.0
Sale

Sales Forecast

Customer Order

Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

Product Ordered
Payment
CUSTOMER

Produce Product
Store Product

Product Served
Received Goods

SUPPLIER

Order Raw Materials

Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

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Purchase Order

Production
Schedule

2.0
Production

EMPLOYEE

Inventory
3.0
Procurement

Payment

Order
Decisions
Pay

4.0
Payroll

Time Worked

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example

Create a level 1
decomposing the processes
in level 0 and identifying
data stores.

4. Construct Level 1- n DFD

(identifies actual data flows and data stores )
Level 1 DFD
CUSTOMER

Customer Order
ORDER

Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

1.1
Record
Order

Severed Order

Produce Product
Store Product

Payment

Order Raw Materials

Pay for Raw Materials

1.2
Receive
Payment

Request for Forecast

1.3
Produce
Sales
Forecast

Sales Forecast

PAYMENT

Pay for Labor

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example

Create a level 1
decomposing the processes
in level 0 and identifying
data stores.

4. Construct Level 1 (continued)

Level 1 DFD
Product Order
ORDER

Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment
Produce Product
Store Product

2.1
Serve
Product

RAW
MATERIALS

Production
Schedule

Order Raw Materials

Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

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Quantity Severed

2.2
Produce
Product

Production Data
2.3
Store
Product

Quantity Used
INVENTORTY

Quantity Produced &

Location Stored

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example

Create a level 1
decomposing the processes
in level 0 and identifying
data stores.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

4. Construct Level 1 (continued)

Level 1 DFD
Order Decision
3.1
Produce
Purchase
Order

PURCHASE
ORDER

Quantity On-Hand
Quantity
Received

Received
Goods
3.2
Receive
Items

Produce Product
Store Product

Payment Approval

Order Raw Materials

Pay for Raw Materials

3.3
Pay
Supplier

RAW
MATERIALS

RECEIVED
ITEMS

SUPPLIER

Pay for Labor

Payment

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example

Create a level 1
decomposing the processes
in level 0 and identifying
data stores.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

4. Construct Level 1 (continued)

Level 1 DFD
Time Worked
4.1
Record
Time
Worked

TIME CARDS

Employee ID
EMPLOYEE

Payroll Request
4.2
Calculate
Payroll

Produce Product
Store Product

Unpaid time cards

PAYROLL

Payment Approval

Order Raw Materials

Pay for Raw Materials

4.3
Pay
Employe
e

Pay for Labor

Payment

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PAYMENTS

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Process Decomposition

0.0
Lemonade
System

1.0
Sale

1.1
Record
Order

1.2
Receive
Payment

2.0
Production

2.1
Serve
Product

2.2
Produce
Product

2.3
Store
Product

3.0
Procurement

3.1
Produce
Purchase
Order

3.2
Receive
Items

3.3
Pay
Vendor

4.0
Payroll

4.1
Record
Time
Worked

4.2
Calculate
Payroll

4.3
Pay
Employe
e

Region'sContext
PremierLevel
University of Level
Choice0

Level 1

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Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Lemonade Stand Example
END

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DFD Example: Bus Garage Repairs

Buses come to a garage for repairs.
A mechanic and helper perform the repair, record
the reason for the repair and record the total cost of
all parts used on a Shop Repair Order.
Information on labor, parts and repair outcome is
used for billing by the Accounting Department, parts
monitoring by the inventory management computer
system and a performance review by the supervisor.

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DFD Example: Bus Garage Repairs (contd)

External Entities: Bus, Mechanic, Helper, Supervisor,
Inventory Management System, Accounting
Department, etc.
Key process (the system): performing repairs and
storing information related to repairs
Processes:

Record Bus ID and reason for repair

Determine parts needed
Perform repair
Calculate parts extended and total cost
Record labor hours, cost

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DFD Example: Bus Garage Repairs (contd)

Data stores:

Personnel file
Repairs file
Bus master list
Parts list

Data flows:

Repair order
Bus record
Parts record
Employee timecard
Invoices

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Bus Garage Context Diagram

Bus
Fixed
mechanical
problems

Mechanical
problem
to be repaired

Helper

Labor

Bus
Repair
Process
System

Labor

Mechanic

Labor,
parts cost
details

Repair
summary

List of
parts used

Supervisor

Inventory
Management
System

Accounting

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DFD Context Level Diagram

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DFD Level 0 Diagram

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DFD Level 1 Diagram

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