DESIGN OF RESTRICTED
HEIGHT PSC GIRDER
Presented By:
VIMAL KUMAR YADAV
ADE/RDSO
MUKESH KUMAR SIROLIYA
AXEN (Const) CRly
Guided By
Shri G BANSAL
Prof / Bridge
1
INTRODUCTION
Height of Girder is required to be restricted
due to -
• Gauge conversion
• Replacement of steel girder
• New construction
2
COMPARISION
Height consideration :
12.2m Steel B.G. 1284mm
Girder Bridge
M.G. 1100mm
12.2m PSC B.G. 2–I 1670mm
Girder Bridge
B.G. Restricted 1150mm
Height
3
Quantity consideration :
PSC Conc. HYSD HT Cable HT Cable Total
Girder Steel Long Trans. HTS
12.2m 87T 4.9T 8 Nos Nil 1296m
2-I 12T13
12.2m 133T 5.4T 14Nos 10nos 2544m
RH 12T13 6T13
4
DESIGN CRITERIA
• Span – 12.2 m
• Loading – MBG-1987
• Grade of concrete
Girders, Diaphragms – M45
Ballast Retainer & Wearing Coat –M30
• Prestressing steel
Low relaxation (class-II)
UTS-1860 N/mm2
• Reinforcement steel
High strength deformed bars- Fe- 415
5
CODES REFERRED
• IRS Bridge Rules
• IRS Concrete Bridge Code
• BS: 5400:1990 (For Prestressing)
• IS:1343:1980 (For Prestressing)
• IS: 456:2000 (For RCC)
• IR[Link] (Post Tensioning)
• UIC 772-2R (Elastomer Bearing)
• IS:14268 ( Prestressing Steel)
• IS:1786 (HYSD Steel)
6
DESIGN STEPS
• Selection of geometrical section of girder
• Calculation of sectional properties
Area
Section modulus
Centeroid
• Five sections considered
End, L/8, L/4, 3L/8 & Mid
7
C /L O F D E C K
4900
200 22 50 2250 200
1 6 76
180 PS C . SLE EPE R
750 40
100 W E A R IN G C O A T
3 0 0 to 4 0 0
200
1 50
1150 450
320
15 0
200
100
800
605 123 0 1230 1230 60 5
8
CABLE PROFILE
• Draw cable profile
Number of cable
Location of cable
Angle of cable
• 4 No – 12 T13 Cable
Parabolic Y = kX2 + C
9
C/L OF GIRDER
C/LOF BEARING
3050 3050
150
'Y' DIRECTION
3
1150
840 4
150
570 3
1 2 150
250 1 2
145
'X' DIRECTION
ORIGIN OF CO-ORDINATE
X=0
X=6100
AXES (X=0, Y=0)
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
10
LOADS
• Dead load
Girder, Diaphragm
Ballast retainer
Wearing coat
• Superimposed dead load
Track - 0.67 t/m
Ballast - 5 t/m
• Live Load
EUDL x CDA x Distribution factor.
Distribution factor is unique for RH girder
only.
11
DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
1 ex
COURBON’s formula = +
n Σx2
n – No. of Girders
e- eccentricity
x- distance of girder from
centre ( under consideration)
x 2 - summation of square of
distances of Girders from centre.
12
BM & SF ANALYSIS
• BM & SF calculated at all five sections
• DL - (Girder, Diaphragm, Ballast retainer,
wearing coat)
• SIDL - (Track, Ballast cushion)
• Railway live load
• Total BM & SF are calculated at each
section for serviceability limit state and
ultimate limit state by multiplying
corresponding factors as given in table 12 of
IRS:CBC for various load combinations.
13
STRESS CALCULATION
Moment/ Section modulus at each section
Prestress without loss :
P Pe
+ at each section
A Z
14
PRESTRESS LOSSESS
(A) Instant losses
− ( µa + Kx )
• Friction loss Px = Po e
1
• Elastic shortening loss = mfc
2
m = Es / Ec
• Slip loss
Normally considered 6mm in design ,slip loss travels
only upto certain distance from anchorage, beyond
which slip loss becomes ineffective.
15
(B) Long term losses
• Creep loss
= m fc = cEsfc
• Shrinkage loss
= shEs
• Relaxation of steel:
For low relaxation steel, 3 times of 1000
hrs relaxation loss value obtained from
manufacturer of prestressing steel
16
CHECK FOR STRESSES AT
TRANSFER & SERVICEABILITY
• At transfer
Prestress - Initial loss + DL stress
– Tension = -1N/mm2
– Compression = 0.5fci < 0.4 fck
• Serviceability
Total prestress - total loss + total stress
– Tension = 0
– Compression = 0.4 fck
17
ULTIMATE MOR
Mu = fpb Aps (d - 0.5x)
Mu - Ultimate Moment of resistance
fpb - tensile stress in tendon obtained from table 25 of
IRS:CBC
x - neutral axis depth obtained from table 25 of
IRS:CBC
d - effective depth , Aps – Area of Cable
Ultimate moment of resistance > Design moment of
resistance. 18
CHECK FOR SHEAR
• Calculate SF due to DL, SIDL, LL
• Calculate design SF by multiplying factors
for ultimate limit state.
• Calculate vertical component of prestressing
force at different sections.
• The ultimate shear resistance of the concrete
at different sections shall be calculated for
both uncracked and cracked in flexure and
provide shear reinforcement accordingly.
19
4a 4a 4a 4a
1 1
4 4
4 4
3 2 2
4
4b 4b 4
4
5
10mm# mesh @50c/c(2nos.)
20
DESIGN OF DIAPHRAGM
• To increase lateral stability
• Thickness of Diaphragm shall not be less
than the thickness of web of girder
• Designed for 2.5% of compressive stress
• Provide steel accordingly
21
TRANSVERSE PRESTRESSING
• Two cables of 6T13 in each diaphragm, low
relaxation – class II strands
• Prestress 70% of UTS from one end
• Prestressing is done after launching of
girders & 100 mm thick in-situ concrete
attains strength of 30 N/mm2 or 7days after
casting whichever is later
• All cable are horizontal & straight
22
C
4900
4600
T1
270
1150 950
4 91.5 4 4 4 T2
340
150
1 3 2 150 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2
200
145 100
C
605 1230 1230 1230 605
23
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION
Downward deflection due to all loads
5 wl 4
=
384 E c I
Upward deflection due to Prestressing
5 Pel 2
= −
48 E c I
Max. deflection < L / 500 24
BURSTING TENSILE STSRESS
Bursting tensile stress Fbt = 0.3P (1-Yp/Y) 0.58
P - Force at anchor
Yp –half side of plate
Y – half side of end block
Area of steel required = F bt
0 . 87 σ y
Provide steel mesh reinforcement in vertical &
horizontal direction and no. of layers as required.
25
MISCELLANIOUS
• Longitudinal reinforcement in Girder =
0.2% of cross sectional area of girder.
• Design of Ballast Retainer
• Design of Elastomer Bearing – UIC-772-2R
• Check for PQRS loading (A&C slip – 24 of
Bridge rules)
• Check for Derailment Load ( Appendix-9 of
Bridge rules)
26
CONSTRUCTION METHOD
• Casting of Girder including Diaphragms in
workshop / casting yard
• Launching of Girder on wooden block over
Bed Block
• In-situ construction of Ballast retainer and
100mm gap between Diaphragms
• Prestressing and grouting of Diaphragm
• Installation of Bearing and Laying of Track
27
CONCLUSION
Advantages
• Useful where height of girder is restricted.
• Quality control is better.
• Faster execution.
Disadvantages
• Slightly costlier because of more concrete
and cables required but saving in
approaches.
• Transverse cables to be provided 28
29