Project Title : Pembinaan Ibu Pejabat Lembaga Pelabuhan Johor, Pasir Gudang, Johor
Darul Takzim
1.0
PROJECT INFO
Ibu Pejabat Lembaga Pelabuhan Johor or Johor Port Authority Headquarters were located at
Pusat Perdagangan Pasir Gudang 2, Johor was built in 2012 by a contractor Kelisa Murni Sdn
Bhd.
2.0
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazard means a source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill
health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination of these.
Hazard identification means the identification of undesired events that lead to the materialization
of the hazard and the mechanism by which those undesired events could occur. Identifying
hazards in the workplace involves finding things and situations that could potentially cause harm
to people and to highlight the critical operations of tasks.
The purpose of hazard identification is to highlight the critical operations of tasks, that is, those
tasks posing significant risks to the health and safety of employees as well as highlighting those
hazards pertaining to certain equipment due to energy sources, working conditions or activities
performed.
Hazards generally arise from the following aspects of work and their interaction:
physical work environment
equipment, materials and substances used
work tasks and how they are performed
work design and management
According to DOSH, hazards can be divided into three main groups, which are;
a) health hazards,
b) safety hazards, and
c) environmental hazards.
a) Health hazard
Health hazard is an occupational health hazard is any agent that can cause illness to an
individual. A health hazard may produce serious and immediate (acute) affects, or may
cause long-term (chronic) problems. All or part of the body may be affected. Someone with
an occupational illness may not recognize the symptoms immediately. For example, noiseinduced hearing loss is often difficult for the affected individual to detect until it is well
advanced. Health hazards include chemicals (such as battery acid and solvents), biological
hazards (such as bacteria, viruses, dusts and molds), physical agents (energy sources
strong enough to harm the body, such as electric currents, heat, light, vibration, noise and
radiation) and work design (ergonomic) hazards.
b) Safety hazard
A safety hazard is any force strong enough to cause injury, or damage to property. An injury
caused by a safety hazard is usually obvious. For example, a worker may be badly cut.
Safety hazards cause harm when workplace controls are not adequate.
Some examples of safety hazards include, but are not limited to
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
slipping/tripping hazards (such as wires run across floors);
fire hazards (from flammable materials);
moving parts of machinery, tools and equipment (such as pinch and nip points);
work at height (such as work done on scaffolds);
vehicles (such as forklifts and trucks);
lifting and other manual handling operations; and
working alone
c) Environmental hazard
An environmental hazard is a release to the environment that may cause harm or
deleterious effects. An environmental release may not be obvious. For example, a
worker who drains a glycol system and releases the liquid to a storm sewer may not be
aware, of the effect on the environment. Environmental hazards cause harm when
controls and work procedures are not followed.
For Johor Port Authority Headquarters construction, we identified 5 types of work activities that
can lead to potential hazards. There are;
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Physical Environment and workplace design
Mechanical
Electrical
Chemicals and Toxicity, and
Natural Environment
Physical
Environmen
t and
workplace
design
Hazard
Poor housekeeping, uncontained spillages or wastes
Lack of lighting on certain floor especially on access corridor
Exposure to harmful noise levels
Fall or collapse of ground, materials, plant, structures, etc.
Exposure to extremely cold materials or components (e.g. dry ice)
Exposure to radiation (ionizing and non-ionizing, lasers)
Construction material at access staircase
Not proper temporary drainage at kongsi area, water stagnant and bad smell
Not proper assemble inspection staircase/scaffolding erection
Not have proper sign and tide on opening and also lift core opening
Collapse hoarding late and not properly repair after bad weather
Not have proper skid tank and oil drum detect some oil spill to the earth
Hazard
Uncontrolled or unexpected movement of machinery, components, work
Mechanical
pieces, vehicles or loads
Inability to slow, stop or immobilize machines, vehicles
Possibility of traffic accident
Persons pushed, pulled or thrown off plant, structures
Persons being injured by damaged, poorly maintained or unguarded
equipment (including electrical components)
Mobile crane load excessive loading during handling steel bar
Electrical
Chemicals
and Toxicity
Hazard
Explosion or ignition of electrical components, etc
Unauthorised access to electrical services, switchboards, controls, etc
Hazard
Explosion or ignition of gases, vapours, liquids, dusts, etc.
Exposure to toxic concentrations of chemicals (skin, inhalation, ingestion,
etc.)
Exposure to oxygen-depleted atmospheres
Natural
Environmen
t
Hazard
Exposure to extreme environmental conditions (hot, cold, dry, wet, stormy,
etc.)
Possibility of being engulfed in loose or crumbling ground
Natural disaster (floods, landslide, earthquake, etc.)
3.0 RISK ASSESSMENT
A risk assessment has been carried out prior to making an intervention. This assessment
identifies the hazards, identify all affected by the hazard, evaluate the risk and identify and
prioritize appropriate control measures.
The calculation of risk is based on the likelihood or probability of the harm being realized and
the
severity
of
the
consequences.
This
can
be
expressed
mathematically
as
a quantitative assessment (by assigning low, medium and high likelihood and severity with
integers and multiplying them to obtain a risk factor), or qualitatively as a description of the
circumstances by which the harm could arise.
Quantitative analysis uses numerical values (rather than the descriptive scales used in
qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis) for both severity and likelihood using data from a
variety of sources such as past accident experience and from scientific research.
A qualitative analysis uses words to describe the magnitude of potential severity and the
likelihood that those severities will occur. These scales can be adapted or adjusted to suit the
circumstances and different descriptions may be used for different risks. This method uses
expert knowledge and experience to determine likelihood and severity category.
3.0
RISK MATRIX
Table 1: Likelihood
High Risk Implement operational control(s) prior to commencement of work
Probability (Assessing Likelihood)
Most likely ; The most likely result of the hazard / event being realized
Possible ; Has a good chance of occurring and is not unusual
Conceivable ; Might be occurred sometimes in the future
Remote ; Has not been known to occur after many years
Inconceivable ; Is practically impossible and has never occurred
Rating
5
4
3
2
1
Table 2: Impact
Severity
Catastrophic ; Numerous fatalities, irrecoverable property damage and productivity
Fatal ; Approximately one single fatality and major property damage if hazard is
realize
Serious ; Non-fatal injury and permanent disability
Minor ; Disabling but not permanent injury
Negligible; Minor abrasions, bruises, cuts, first aid type of injury.
Rating
5
4
3
2
1
Table 3: Risk Matrix
LIKELIHOOD
IMPACT
1
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
HIGH
LOW
LOW
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
LOW
LOW
LOW
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
Table 4: Priority of Risk Rating
Level
High
Risk
15 25
Medium
5 12
Low
1- 4
Action
A high risk requires immediate action to control the hazard. Actions taken
must be documented on the risk assessment form including date for
completion.
A medium risk requires a planned approach to controlling the hazard and
applies temporary measure if required. Action taken must be documented
on the risk assessment form including date for completion.
A low risk may be considered as acceptable and further reduction may not
be necessary. If the risk can be resolved quickly and efficiently, control
measures should be implemented and recorded.