Running head: PROGRAM PROPOSAL

Filipino Nurses: Influencing the Modern World.

First Annual Transcultural Nursing Workshop 2016
A Program Proposal by:
Riechell Belmonte, R. N.
Joey Dee M. Bravo, R. N.
Maria Elzieh B. Calija, R. N.
Joanne F. Caete, R. N.
St. Paul University Philippines

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BACKGROUND/ SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

The Premier Medical Center is a newly opened Level 3 hospital in Paraaque
City. It is situated in an accessible place near the airport and seaport terminals,
entertainment centers, malls, major highways and residential areas. The advantage of the
hospital is the easy access to the important city landmarks; therefore, it is also accessible
to the local community including foreign clients. Based on the 2010 data from the
Philippine Statistics Authority, three in ten foreign citizens (31.1%) were residing in the
National Capital Region (PSA,2012). The data showed that Filipino nurses are exposed to
providing care for foreign patients not only in the Metro but also in the whole
Philippines. Different races with different cultures, beliefs and practices must be
considered while we deliver care to these patients. Presently, there are no data to show
how many foreign patients are admitted in the Philippines hospitals. By country of origin,
the NSO said the largest number of foreign nationals in the country came from the United
States with 29,959 individuals followed by China, Japan and India respectively (NSO,
2012). These prompted our group to give a workshop to educate and inform our nurses on
how to deal with these cultures, in order to give quality, effective and efficient nursing
care to these foreign patients. Within the context of nursing practice, cultural
backgrounds can influence views on health and well-being and illness, which in turn
might have an effect on their perceptions on healthcare and healthcare outcomes. Due to
the recurrent concerns regarding the challenges encountered in the care for culturally
diverse patients, transcultural care has become an important aspect of health care. With
the goal of the medical system nowadays to provide optimal and holistic care for all
patients, to be culturally competent is an ingredient in order to accomplish quality care

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and health outcomes. Leiningers Transcultural Nursing Theory or Culture Care Diversity
and Universality focused on the concept of culture in providing nursing care to our
patients. It aids the nurse to be culture sensitive. Nurses should be conscious on different
culture that necessitates them to respond to the needs of the patient who has different
cultural values.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Our program proposal will employ the theory of Cultural Care Diversity and
Universality by Madeleine M. Leininger. This theory attempts to provide culturally
congruent nursing care through cognitively based assistive, supportive, facilitative, or
enabling acts or decisions that are mostly tailor-made to fit with individual, groups, or
institution's cultural values, beliefs, and life ways. Dr. Leininger believed and identified
that culture and care as a major dimensions missing in nursing and health care services
(Leininger, 1978, 1995) and in order to address this problem, one of the major features of
this theory as a central contributing theory to advance transcultural nursing knowledge
and to use the findings in teaching, research, practice, and consultation (Mixer, 2011).
This theory focuses to develop new practices for nursing practice to congregate diverse
cultural needs and to offer therapeutic care with comprehensive and holistic care
practices in a caring discipline. Holistic and broad worldviews respecting the sacredness
and uniqueness of humans and their culturally based values are imperative. Also in this
theory, nursing was defined as a learned humanistic and scientific profession and
discipline which is focused on human care phenomena and activities in order to assist,
support, facilitate, or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their well-being

PROGRAM PROPOSAL

(or health) in culturally meaningful and beneficial ways, or to help people face handicaps
or death (Gonzalo, 2011).
LITERATURE REVIEW
The theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality has become a major caring
theory with a unique emphasis on nursing as a means to know and help cultures. It has
also been utilized by plenty of researches that proved that this theory must be given an
attention. A study by (Mixer, [Link], 2015) stated that staff nurses identified specific
clinical challenges they faced in providing such care for patients from a certain cultures
and the results revealed five care factors that participants identified as most valuable:
family, faith, communication, care integration, and meeting basic needs. These themes
were used to develop nursing actions that, when applied in daily practice, could facilitate
the provision of culturally congruent care for these children and their families. The
knowledge generated by this study also has an effect with healthcare organizations,
nursing educators, and academicpractice partnerships that seek to ensure the delivery of
equitable care for all patients. Another study by (Bhat, A. M., et. al., 2015) supports the
principle that cultural competence in health care improves care delivery and patient
outcomes and the studys outcome was the nurses had increased their cultural awareness,
sensitivity, and cultural assessment documentation after they used the Web-based
education and show how this format can translate cultural competency knowledge into
nursing practice. Providing this education is an important component in creating an
environment that provides culturally congruent palliative care. According to (Rew, L., et.
Al, 2014) students who had taken courses on cultural diversity or global health generally
outscored those who had not taken such courses.

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The main focus of their study was to reanalyze the CAS (Cultural Awareness
Scale) to determine construct validity and differences in cultural awareness among
students of varying educational levels and experiences. The sample consisted of 150
nursing students (92% female, 33.6% racial minorities). Confirmatory factor analysis
yielded three factors (CFI = 0.868, TLI = 0.854, RMSEA = 0.065, and SRMR = 0.086).
Cronbachs alpha ranged from 0.70 to 0.89. It just only means that there were significant
differences among educational levels, with lower division BSN students generally
scoring higher than upper division and Masters of Science in nursing students.
All these articles still fall to what Leininger holds: that culture is the broadest,
most comprehensive, holistic and universal feature of human beings and care is predicted
to be embedded in culture. Both need to be understood to discover clients care needs.
Caring is held as the action mode to help people of multiple cultures while care is the
phenomenon to be understood and to guide actions and decisions. Culture and care
together are anticipated to be powerful theoretical constructs vital to human health,
wellbeing, and survival.

Objectives
The goals of this program:
1. To educate nurses on different kinds of culture, traditions and practices to attain
intercultural communication and appropriate culture-sensitive care.
2. To make nurses understand the importance of using both generic and professional
knowledge and ways to fit such diverse ideas into nursing care actions and goals.

PROGRAM PROPOSAL

3. To discover new practices for nursing to meet diverse culture needs and to
provide therapeutic care with comprehensive and holistic cares practices in a
caring discipline.
4. To remind the nurses that every patient is a unique individual and inculcate the
essence of nursing which is to care regardless of the diversities.

Program Description
This workshop is an annual, two-day activity, which discusses the common
cultures, beliefs and practices of the most common foreign patients seeking health needs
here in the Philippines. This workshop aims to educate the nurses on how to deal with the
different cultures, and help them to be able to deliver cultural-congruent care that can
enhance nursing care. The guest speakers will be Filipino nurses who have experienced
working on the United States, China, Japan and India. They will share what they have
observed and learned to our fellow nurses through a workshop, interactive discussion and
sharing. The last part of the program will involve an application of what they have
learned from the two-day workshop, participants will be divided into four countries as
discussed, and they will have a presentation showing the different situations if they
handled a foreign patient from US, China, Japan and India. They will be critiqued by the
guest speakers and give them important points that they can use in actual patients in the
future. This workshop will tackle the Cultural Care Diversity and Universality by
Madeleine M. Leininger, seeking further knowledge on it and how it better applies to our
profession will enhance nursess awareness of themselves and to become more globally
competitive.

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Timeline / Workplan
Program Title: Filipino Nurses: Influencing the Modern World. First Annual
Transcultural Nursing Workshop 2016
Dates Covered: May 15 16, 2016
Sponsor: The Premier Medical Center
Venue: 7th Floor Auditorium, The Premier Medical Center, Paraaque City
Client/ Participants: Nurse Orientees, Staff Nurses, Heads Nurses and Supervisors
(from all nursing units)
Project Managers: Riechell Belmonte, Joey Dee M. Bravo, Maria Elzieh B. Calija,
and Joanne F. Caete
Inclusive dates
7:30-8:30am
8:30am-9am
9am- 12 noon
12noon-1pm
1pm-3pm
3pm-3:30 pm

Program / Workshop
Day 1: May 15, 2016 (Friday)
Registration
Giving of Kits and Materials
Simultaneously:
Opening Prayer, National Anthem, Opening Remarks
First Workshop - Country: United States by Mr. Gec Celiz
Lunch Break
Second Workshop - County: China by Wella Parayno
Giving of Group Task/Assignment
End of Day 1
Day 2: May 16, 2016 (Saturday)

7am-9am
9am-12noon
12noon-1pm
1pm-3pm
3pm-3:30 pm
3:30pm-3:45pm
3:45pm-4pm

Third Workshop - Country: Japan by Monet Hernandez

Fourth Workshop - Country: India by Marc Berdida
Lunch Break
Workshop: A short presentation based on 4 countries showing
what are the common experiences encountered by a Filipino
nurse to a foreign patient.
Open Forum
Closing Remarks
Awarding of Certificates.
End of Activity

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Activity Purpose
The goal of this workshop is to educate the Filipino nurses with the different
cultures, traditions, beliefs, common practices and refresh with updated nursing trends in
line on how to deliver service to the foreign patients. Through this workshop, the
speakers will be able to provide essential information about the theory of Cultural Care
Diversity and Universality that will help nurses to deliver effective and efficient nursing
to foreign patients. They will also share their experiences when handling patients in the
country that they are working wherein nurses in the Philippines will be able to learn the
knowledge, methods and skills needed in order to maintain trust, respect, dignity and
efficiency in handling foreign patients. This program will also help Filipino nurses on
why care diversity is important in todays world and how individual values and beliefs
are shaped and discover on what diverse cultures really need in todays workplace and to
discover new techniques in handling different patients from other countries. It will also
help nurses to be flexible in the design of programs, policies and services to meet the
needs and concerns of the culturally diverse population, groups that are likely to be
encountered.
Project Budget
Inclusive Dates
Venue (Sound system,
lightings, Chairs and
Tables)

Description
TPMC Auditorium
AM: Snacks

Food
PM: Pack Lunch
Speakers

Professional fee for 4

speakers with Tokens
Accomodation,Travel

Breakdown
Sponsorship
60 participants x
P 50 for 2 days
60 Participants x
P 70 for 2 days

Cost
P0
P 6,000
P 8,400

4 Speakers x P 5,000

P 20,000

Sponsors from

P0

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9
allowances, etc

Materials
Other Expenses

Certificates, Papers and

Pens for Activity
Fares, Emergency
Purchases, Others

Suppliers, Others to
be shouldered by the
Speakers
60 Participants =
P 2000
P 3,600

P 2,000
P 3,600

Total anticipated expenses (from the hospital) = P 40,000

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATIONS

About the Speakers
Mr. Gec Celiz is a nurse manager working at Sarah Bush Lincoln Hospital in
Chicago for 10 years. He has a Masters degree in Nursing Science at Chicago University
and currently on his Doctoral degree on the same university. Before he worked abroad, he
was a staff nurse at Davao Doctors Medical Center for 3 years, head nurse for 2 years and
5 years as supervisor.
Ms. Wella Parayno is a staff nurse at Tongji Hospital in China for 3 years. She
was a staff nurse for 5 years in the Philippines before she decided to work abroad. She
gained a Masters degree in Nursing Administration.
Mrs. Monet Hernandez is staff nurse at Kyoto University Hospital in Japan for 4
years. She used to work in Saudi Arabia for 2 years. She is a clinical instructor in the
Philippines for 1 year and a staff nurse for 3 years.
Mr. Marc Berdida used to work in OR at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals in India
for 15 years. He decided to go back in the Philippines and now, he is the Chief Nurse of a
newly opened Level 3 hospital in Quezon City. He is a Doctor of Nursing Science and
able to present several studies about nursing profession.

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10

Post Activity Evaluation Tool

Title of Activity: Filipino Nurses: Influencing the Modern World. First Annual Transcultural
Nursing Workshop 2016
Date of Activity:______________________________ Speaker:_____________________________
Name (Optional): _____________________________ Department: _________________________
Please indicate your impressions of the items listed below.
Strongly
Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly
Disagree

1. The workshop met my expectations.

2. I will be able to apply the knowledge
learned
3. The training objectives for each topic
were identified and followed.
4. The content was organized and easy to
follow.
5. The materials distributed were pertinent
and useful.
6. The speaker was knowledgeable.
7. The quality of instruction was good.
8. The speaker met the workshop
objectives.
9. Class participation and interaction were
encouraged.
10. Adequate time was provided for
workshop, discussion and open forum.
11. How do you rate the workshop overall?
( ) Excellent
( ) Good
( ) Average

( ) Poor

( ) Very Poor

12. What aspects of the workshop could be improved?

________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
13. Other comments?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your participation.

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Certificates

11

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Poster

12

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13
References

Culture Care Theory: A Major Contribution to Advance Transcultural Nursing

Knowledge and Practices, Madeleine Leininger, PhD (Journal of Transcultural
Nursing, Vol. 13 No. 3, July 2002
Eufemia Octaviano, RN, RM, MN, EdD and Carl E. Balita, RN, RM, MAN Theoretical
Foundations of Nursing: The Philippine Perspective
Jacqueline Fawcett. (1993) Analysis and Evaluation of Nursing Theories
George Julia B. Nursing theories: The base of professional nursing practice 5rd edition.
Norwalk, CN: Appleton and Lange; 2002.
Leininger, M. & McFarland, M. (2002). Transcultural Nursing. McGraw-Hill, Medical
Pub.
Leininger M. Culture care diversity and universality: A theory of nursing. New York:
National League for Nursing Pres; 1991.
Leininger [Link] nursing: Concepts, theories, research,and practice. Columbus,
OH: McGraw-Hill College Custom Series; 1995.
Leininger, M., McFarland,M. 2006. Culture Care Diversity and Universality: A
Worldwide Nursing Theory 2nd Illustrated Edition. Jones & Barlette Learning,
2006

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14

Lorenzo, F. 2007. Nurse Migration from a Source country Perspective: Philippine

Country Case Study. Health Services Research. Retrived from:
[Link]
Sitzman,K. and Eichelberger,L. W. (2011). Understanding The Work Of Nurse
Theorists: A Creative Beginning.2nd edition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers,
LLC
Tomey, A. & Alligood, M. (2006). Nursing Theorists and their Works. Mosby, Inc.
Leininger, M. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, Vol. 13 No. 3, July 2002 189-192 (2002).
Sage Publication.
Philippine Statistics Authority, 2012. Foreign Citizen in the Philippines (Results from the
2010 Census). Retrieved from: [Link]