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Overview of Bacterial Skin Infections

This document summarizes key aspects of dermatology including bacterial, viral, and fungal skin infections as well as pigmentation disorders, urticaria, blistering disorders, psoriasis, eczema, and other conditions. It describes common causative agents, clinical features, investigations, and management/treatment options for many common dermatological diseases and infections such as impetigo, herpes, tinea, candidiasis, vitiligo, psoriasis, eczema, pemphigus vulgaris, and bullous pemphigoid.

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Ho Yong Wai
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41 views5 pages

Overview of Bacterial Skin Infections

This document summarizes key aspects of dermatology including bacterial, viral, and fungal skin infections as well as pigmentation disorders, urticaria, blistering disorders, psoriasis, eczema, and other conditions. It describes common causative agents, clinical features, investigations, and management/treatment options for many common dermatological diseases and infections such as impetigo, herpes, tinea, candidiasis, vitiligo, psoriasis, eczema, pemphigus vulgaris, and bullous pemphigoid.

Uploaded by

Ho Yong Wai
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SUMMARY OF SEM 7

DERMATOLOGY
Bacterial Infections
Investigations
Impetigo

Staphylococcus
aureus

Management /
Treatment

Crusted erosions
Golden-yellow crust
Bullous impetigo :
Blisters containing
clear yellow
or slightly turbid
fluid with
erythematous
halo,

Ecthyma
Folliculitis
Cellulitis
Erysipelas
Erythrasma

Staphylococcus
aureus
Staphylococcus
aureus
Streptococcus
Streptococcus
Woods light coral
red fluorescence
KOH preparation
negative (to rule out
epidermal
dermatophytosis)

Leprosy /
Hansens
disease

Mycobacterium
leprae

Raised red plaques


with a
hypopigmented
centre
Tuberculoid leprosy
: Nerves may be
thickened
Lepromatous
leprosy : Macules ,
papules , nodules ,

Rifampicin
Dapsone
Clofazimine

plaques
- Leonine facies
- Saddle nose defect
Borderline leprosy :
Viral Infections
Investigations
Herpes simplex

Type 1

Vesicles

Management / Treatment
Aciclovir

Type 2
Herpes zoster

Erythema
Grouped vesicles

Fungal Infections
Seborrhoeic
dermatitis (SD)
Pityriasis
versicolor

Malassezia
furfur

Trunk (upper
chest , neck ,
back)
Small , scaly
macules

Tinea corporis
Tinea cruris
Tinea capitis
Tinea manuum
Tinea unguium

Tricophyton
rubrum

Investigations

Management / Treatment

Woods light
yellow colour

Topical selenium sulphide


(Selsun)

KOH skin
scraping
hyphae and yeast
in spaghetti and
meatballs
appearance

Topical ketoconazole

Scalp

Some lesions are


hypopigmented
due to azelaic acid
production by the
fungus which
inhibits the
melanocytes
Trunk and limbs
Groin
Scalp / hair
Hand
White , brittle ,

Oral terbinafine

discoloured nails
Atheletes foot
Cutaneous :
Satellite lesions

Tinea pedis
Candidiasis

Nystatin
Imidazole
Fluconazole

Oral :
Genital : whitish ,
milky vaginal
discharge , curdlike patches
*Mucosal candidiasis
*Cutaneous candidiasis
*Disseminated candidemia

Seborrheic dermatitis - bimodal age distribution


Infantile form - cradle cap
Adult form
Pigmentation Disorders - Hyper and Hypo Pigmentation

Vitiligo

Autoimmune
disorders
- Thyroid
- Pernicious
anemia
- Addisons
disease

Investigations

Management /
Treatment

Investigations

Management /

White macules
symmetrical

Melasma
(chloasma)
Addisons
disease

Urticaria
Pruritus
Blistering disorders

Treatment
Pemphigus
vulgaris
Bullous
pemphigoid
Dermatitis
herpetiformis
Psoriasis

Psoriasis

Etiology
Classification
Erythematous
scaly papules
and plaques;
pustular and
erythrodermic
eruptions occur.
- Psoriasis
vulgaris
- Plaque
psoriasis
- Guttate
(eruptive)
psoriasis
- Inverse
(flexural)
psoriasis
- Erythrodermic
psoriasis

Eczema
Exogenous

Irritant contact dermatitis


Allergic contact dermatitis

Endogenous

Atopic eczema
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Discoid eczema

Clinical features
Most common
sites of
involvement are
scalp, elbows,
knees, hands,
feet, trunk, and
nails.
Psoriatic
arthritis occurs
in 10%25% of
patients;
pustular and
erythrodermic
forms may be
associated with
fever.

Investigations

Management /
Treatment

Varicose eczema
Asteatotic eczema

Blistering Disorders of the Skin


Widespread blistering eruptions
Bullous pemphigoid
Pemphigus vulgaris
Dermatitis herpatiformis
Erythema multiforme
Drug rashes : Steven-Johnson
syndrome , toxic epidermal necrolysis
Chicken pox

Localised blistering eruptions


Dermatitis herpatiformis (elbow ,
knees , buttocks)
Porphyria
Pompholyx eczema
Contact dermatitis
Fixed drug eruption
Insect bite reactions
Infections : herpes simplex , herpes
zoster , impetigo

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