Focused Conversation
ORID Method
Technology of Participation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
December 04, 2010 Cynthia Lapp
Focused Conversation
ORID Method
When we process information and think
clearly, we move through four different
modes, sometimes very quickly.
Objective
These modes of thinking can be labeled:
Objective
Reflective
Interpretive
Decisional
Reflective
Interpretive
Decisional
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Focused Conversation
Objective Mode
Objective
This is the sensory mode of thinking,
where we process raw data:
What we perceive through our body and senses
Facts and data about the situation
Reflective
External/Observable information
Interpretive
Decisional
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Focused Conversation
Reflective Mode
This is our immediate response to these data, how
we are processing the Objective level internally:
Objective
How we respond to these raw data
What experiences we can relate to these data
Reflective
Internal response to external data
Images, feelings, memories, associations
Interpretive
Decisional
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Focused Conversation
Interpretive Mode
This mode is about processing these responses,
experiences and associations:
Objective
So what does this mean?
Reflective
What values are activated?
What is the significance? What are the implications?
Interpretive
Decisional
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Focused Conversation
Decisional Mode
This mode is about making decisions or choosing
actions based on the information, its meaning
and significance:
Objective
What are the next steps?
Reflective
What actions are appropriate?
What has been learned? What is my commitment?
Interpretive
Decisional
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Example: Critique of Visual Work
Objective Mode
These are the facts of what you are dealing
with. The questions may feel too obvious to
include, but they are the ground that the
interpretation and analysis is built on, and
get conversation/thinking going:
Objective
What do you see?
What colors, forms?
What stands out?
What parts are spatially related? Related by
color? Form? Size?
What do you see only after you have looked
at it for a while?
Reflective
Interpretive
Decisional
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Example: Critique of Visual Work
Reflective Mode
These questions address what responses
the work elicits, and ask for your responses
to the work:
Objective
What is the overall feel of the piece?
How do the colors, shapes, spatial
relationships interact?
Is there harmony in the work? Dissonance?
How do you respond to it?
Reflective
Interpretive
Decisional
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Example: Critique of Visual Work
Interpretive Mode
Objective
This is the real meat of the analysis--what is
working? What isnt? This is often where we
want to start, but establishing the Objective
and Reflective steps allows for more depth in
the interpretation and analysis of the work, and for
Reflective
coherence if working in a group process:
What is the piece communicating?
What is the objective of the piece, and where is
this working?
Where is it not working?
What is the significance?
What are the implications?
Interpretive
Decisional
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Example: Critique of Visual Work
Decisional Mode
This step focuses on the implications of the
analysis. What needs to change for the piece to
work? Are there larger moves that need to be
made? What smaller things can be tweaked? What
changes can be made that may not be strictly
necessary for what the piece communicates, but
would improve it overall?
Objective
What components have to change to align the
piece with its objective?
What does there need to be more of?
What can there be less of?
What changes can be made to strengthen what
the piece communicates?
What changes might improve how the piece is
experienced?
10
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Reflective
Interpretive
Decisional
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Example: Site Visit Analysis
Objective Mode
These questions plumb the sense experience
the observer had of the spaces in question, and
begins to sort out the huge amount of data that
is taken in on a site visit:
Objective
What are some highlights from the places
weve seen?
What colors, sounds, materials stand out?
What surprised you?
What activities or programming stands out?
What scenes do you remember from the spaces we have been in?
Reflective
Interpretive
Decisional
11
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Example: Site Visit Analysis
Reflective Mode
These questions address what the observer
brought to the site, and what responses the site
elicited in the observer:
Objective
Where did you feel most interested? Bored?
Where did you experience a specific sense of
place?
What is the overall feel of the place(s) we
saw/have seen?
What was the high point for you? The low
point?
Reflective
Interpretive
Decisional
12
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Example: Site Visit Analysis
Interpretive Mode
This, again, is the real meat of the analysis-what is working? What isnt? If reflecting on
a site visit begins with analysis, the observer
can lose the sense data that is so important
to the work of a spatial designer:
Objective
What spaces felt like they worked?
What spaces didnt work?
Where did things feel the most connected?
Where did things feel disjointed?
Who/what is being served in these spaces?
Who/what has been left out?
What does there need to be more of?
What can there be less of?
Reflective
Interpretive
Decisional
13
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Example: Site Visit Analysis
Decisional Mode
This step activates the observer on a deeper
level--What is really going on here? What
opportunities have been missed? Where is
this happening in my city? What would I like
to engage in?
Objective
What would you name this part of town?
What needs to happen next to benefit human use? Ecology? Sustainability?
Which issues/spaces/solutions could be
transferred to your city? Where?
What would you like to work on in this
space?
Reflective
Interpretive
Decisional
14
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
Credits
ICA Associates CANADA ORID Slideshow
powerpoint for some language and the neat
arrow graphics
ICA-USA ToP Facilitation Methods Manual, 2000
Stanfield, R. Brian, ed. The Art of Focused Conversation,
New Society Publishing, 2000
15
Focused Conversation
LA 8206 University of Minnesota
Fall 2010
Cynthia Lapp
