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Write Right - Transitions

essay writing
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
81 views83 pages

Write Right - Transitions

essay writing
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1: Writing a Formal Paragraph: The Basics
  • Chapter 2: Punctuation and Proper Sentences
  • Chapter 3: Introduction to Common Transitions
  • Chapter 4: Expressing Contrast
  • Chapter 5: Expressing Cause and Effect
  • Chapter 6: More Transitions
  • Chapter 7: Review of Transitions
  • Answer Key

WRITERIGHT:TRANSITIONSTableofContents

UNIT1:FORMALWRITING

page1

Chapter1:WritingaFormalParagraph:TheBasics

page1

Chapter2:PunctuationandProperSentences

page15

UNIT2:TRANSITIONS

page23

Chapter3:IntroductiontoCommonTransitions

page23

Chapter4:ExpressingContrast

page40

Chapter5:ExpressingCauseandEffect

page53

Chapter6:MoreTransitions

page62

UNIT3:REVIEW

page69

page69

Chapter7:ReviewofTransitions

ANSWERKEY

page76

WRITERIGHT:TRANSITIONSIntroduction

WriteRight:Transitionsisamultiskillswritingbookdesignedforintermediateand
advancedESL/[Link]
[Link]:
teacherscanprinttheentirebook,andgooverallofthecontentinorder;conversely,
[Link],these
worksheetswillhelpstudentslearntowriteformalessaysandavoidmanyofthemistakes
commontoESL/EFLstudents.

Includedinthisbookareworksheetsfocusingonthefollowingpoints:

StructureofaFormalParagraph:
TopicSentences
BodyofaParagraph
ConcludingSentences

TransitionsandConnectors
inaddition,additionally,moreover,furthermore,plus,aswell,aswellas,not
onlybutalso
however,nevertheless,still,evenso,nonetheless,despitethat
therefore,consequently,asaresult,thus,forthisreason
although,eventhough,though,despite,inspiteof,despitethefactthat
because,becauseof,dueto,owingto,duetothefactthat
regardlessof,nomatter

WritingPractice:
OpinionEssays
Cause/EffectEssays
ProblemSolutionEssays
CollegeApplicationEssay
AdditionalPracticeEssayTopics

Aftercompletingthisbook,studentsshouldhaveabasicunderstandingofhowtowrite
[Link]
testssuchastheTOEICandIELTS.

Goodluck,andhappywriting!

[Link]

UNIT1:FormalWriting

Chapter1
WritingaFormalParagraph:The
Basics

TopicSentences
Body
Conclusion

IntroductiontoTopicSentences
WhenyouwriteaformalessayinEnglish,[Link]
[Link],[Link]
[Link]
importantly,[Link]
interesting,thereaderwillnotwanttoreadyouressay.
Herearesometopicsentenceswrittenforessaysaboutstudentsgrandfathers:

Mygrandfatherhadmorestoriesthanachildrenslibrary.

OfallthepeopleIhaveevermet,noonehasimpressedmeasmuchasmy
grandfather.

WhenIseeanoldmanwalkingdownthestreet,Ioftenthinktomyself,Ihopehislife
wasasinterestingasmygrandfatherslife.

WhenIwasachild,Ithoughtmygrandfatherwassuperman.

Ihavealwayslookedforwardtoseeingmygrandfather.

Thetopicsentencesaboveareallinteresting,andtheymakethereaderwanttokeep
[Link],thetopicsentencesbelowaretooboring:

Mygrandfatherisaniceman.

Ilovemygrandfather.

Mygrandfathermakesmeveryhappy.

[Link],and
writeIifthesentenceisinteresting,andBifitisboring.(Seepage76forsampleanswers.)
1._____Mypetbirdbringswonderfulmusictomylife.
2._____Ilikecats,andmypetcatisaverygoodcat.
3._____Althoughmypetcatsleepsalldaylong,Imalwaysgladthatsheisinmyhouse.
4._____Mypetdoghaseatenmyhomework,destroyedmyshoes,andbittenmyfriend,

butstillIcannevergetangryather.
5._____Mydogissocute,andeveryonelikeshim.
6._____Afterhavingapetrabbitforoneyear,Icanunderstandwhymostpeopledont

wanttohavetheseanimalsaspets.

TopicSentences:Analogies(SimilesandMetaphors)

Whenyouwriteatopicsentence,youcanoftenuseanalogiestomakeitmoreinteresting.
[Link]:

Myfatherisabearinthemorning.(Yourfatherisnotreallyabear,sothisisananalogy.)
Mysisterislikeanangelinmylife.(Yoursisterisnotreallyanangel,sothisisananalogy.)

Therearetwokindsofanalogiesthatweoftenuse:SimilesandMetaphors.

Similesusethewordslikeoras:

Mysisterislikeanangelinmylife.
Mybedroomislikeaboxofsilenceinanoisyworld.
Myfatherisangryasabearwhenhewakesup.

Metaphorsdonotuselikeoras:

Myfatherisabearinthemorning.
Thisfoodistrash.
Mygrandfatherissuperman.
Myteacheristhedevil!

[Link].(Seepage76for
answers.)

1._____Mylifeisadream.
2._____Mathislikeapuzzlethatneverends.
3._____Mymotherisanangel,alwayswatchingoverme.
4._____Loveisaflowerthatgrowsandbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.
5._____Mymotherisbeautiful,withhairthatissoftasacloud.
6._____Thiscityisaseaofsadness.
7._____Theoceanwaveshitthebeachlikeathousandhammers.
8._____Mywifeisthelightinmylife.
9._____WatchoutforJohn.Heisasneakysnake.
10._____Whenmybrotherfell,hehowledlikeawolf.

TopicSentences:Analogies(SimilesandMetaphors)

Whenyouwriteasimileormetaphor,trytothinkofadifferentandinterestingtosaywhat
youwanttosay.

Examples:
Thiscityisbeautiful.
(Whataresomethingsthatarebeautiful?)
Thiscityisparadise.
Thiscityislikeagardenofbeauty.
Thiscityisacolorfulpainting.

Myfatherisverysmart.
(Howcanyoudescribehimassmart?)
Myfatherislikeawiseoldwizard.
Myfatherisawalkingencyclopedia.
Myfatherisahumanuniversity.

Readthesesentences,andtrytorewritethemusingasimileormetaphor.

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link]!

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Iwasreallytired.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

TopicSentences:Practice

[Link]
introducesthemainideaofeachparagraph.

*Note:Youdonothavetouseasimileormetaphor,butsometimesthesearegoodwaysto
writeinterestingtopicsentences.

____________________________________________________________________.
Who takes care of you? Who supports you? Who sees you grow up? Family is very
important. My family has six people: my grandma, my parents, myself, and my two
brothers. My grandma loves me very much. When the weather is cold, she always
tells me to wear more clothes. Although I often argue with my brothers, they will
give me support when I need it. My parents have taken care of me since I was born.
My definition of family is an organization which is full of love.

____________________________________________________________________.
When you travel to Europe, you can visit many different countries, such as England,
Spain, Germany, and Greece. Many different languages are spoken in Europe, and
the cultures of the countries are all unique. Also, the weather in Europe varies a lot.
Countries in the north are very cold, and you can go skiing. In the south, there are
beautiful beaches, and these are popular places for vacations. As you can see,
Europe is a very interesting place with different kinds of people and many
possibilities.

____________________________________________________________________.
Her name is Mrs. Graham, and she not only teaches music in my school, but she is
also a friend to all of her students. In class, she teaches us to love music, and she
introduces us to different songs and styles of music. She taught me to play the piano
and violin, and I am sure that I will enjoy playing these instruments for the rest of
my life. Mrs. Graham often tells interesting stories in class, and she always helps us
or gives us advice when we have problems. Mrs. Graham is more than just a music
teacher, she is like a star in the sky.

TopicSentences:Practice

[Link].

Remember:[Link]
canuseanalogies(similesandmetaphors)tomakeyoursentencesmoreinteresting.

1. Assignment: Write a paragraph about an important person in your life.


Topic Sentence: _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Assignment: Write a paragraph about one of your favorite places.


Topic Sentence: _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Assignment: Write a paragraph about an important problem facing people your age.
Topic Sentence: _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

4. Assignment: Write a paragraph about one of your favorite fictional characters.


Topic Sentence: _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

IntroductiontotheBodyofaParagraph

Afteryouwriteatopicsentence,[Link]
[Link],yougiveexamplesaboutthetopic,and
[Link],youmightgiveyourreasonsfor
youropinion,oryoumightprovidenumbers,facts,andstatistics.

[Link]
listedbeloweachsentence:

Mygrandfatherhadmorestoriesthanachildrenslibrary.
Giveanexampleofsomestories.
Describehowhetoldthestories.
Describehowthesestoriesmadeyoufeel.

WhenIwasachild,Ithoughtmygrandfatherwassuperman.
Givesomeexamplestoexplainthis.
Didotherpeoplefeelthiswayabouthim?
Explainifyoustillfeellikethis,orifyouropinionhaschanged.

Ihavealwayslookedforwardtoseeingmygrandfather.
Giveanexampleofwhyyoulookedforwardtoseeinghim.
Describeyourfeelingswhenyouwereyounger.
Describeyourfeelingsnow.

Asyoucansee,thebodygivesmoreinformationandanswersquestionsaboutthetopic
[Link],andwritesentencesorquestionstoexplain
whatinformationshouldbeinthebodyoftheparagraph.

Topicsentence:Althoughmypetcatsleepsalldaylong,Imalwaysgladthatsheisinmy

house.
Body:

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Topicsentence:Mymotherisanangel,alwayswatchingoverme.
Body:

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

BodyofaParagraph:Review

Inthebodyofaparagraph,youneedtomakesurethateverysentencerelatestothetopic
[Link].
[Link],therearetwosentencesthatdonotrelate
[Link].(Seepage76foranswers.)

PARAGRAPH1:MyFavoriteHobby:ReadingBooks

Booksarelikewindowstotheworld,andthatiswhyreadingismyfavoritehobby.I

firstfellinlovewithbooksattheageof5,[Link]
[Link]
[Link],[Link],I
readalloftheHarryPotterbooks,[Link]
moviesareverygood,[Link],Ihopetomajorinliteratureandcontinue
exploringthewonderfulworldofbooks.

PARAGRAPH2:TheMostImportantModernInvention:TheComputer

Thecomputeristhemostimportantmoderninventionbecauseithaschangedhow

[Link],studentsoftenwenttothelibrarytodoresearch,butnow,most
[Link],butI
[Link],[Link]
writeemailsinsteadofletters,andwiththeinventionofserviceslikeSkype,telephonesmay
[Link]
[Link],computershavemadetravellingmucheasier;wecanbuyairplanetickets
usingacomputer,[Link],the
inventionofthecomputerhasgivenusnewpossibilitiesandconvenienceswhichnowseem
hardtolivewithout.

WritingAssignment:SchoolApplicationEssay

Forthisassignment,youwillwriteanapplicationessayforaschoolthatyoumightapplyto
(college,highschool,etc.).Inthisessay,youneedtotelltheschoolwhytheyshouldacceptyou.
Youwillneedtogivemanyreasonsinthebodyoftheparagraph.

First,makealistofyourbestpersonalqualities(forexample:hardworking,honest,
responsible,eagertolearn,goodleadership,enjoyworkingwithothers,etc.)

PersonalQualities

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

Now,makealistofyourmostimportantachievementsorthingsyouhavedone(for
example:wonBestStudentaward,wonspellingbee,perfectattendance,electedstudent
president,chosenasteachersassistant,etc.)

Achievements

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

10

WritingAssignment:SchoolApplicationEssay

Usingthepersonalqualitiesandachievementsyoulistedonthepreviouspage,writean
applicationessayforaschoolyoumightapplyfor(college,highschool,etc.).Explainwhyyou
[Link]!

SchoolApplicationEssay

_____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

11

ConcludingSentences

Whenyouwriteaparagraph,youneedtostartwithatopicsentence,giveexamplesand
detailsinthebody,andendwithaproperconcludingsentence.

[Link],youwanttorepeat
themainpoint,[Link]
oftensimilartothetopicsentence,butwithdifferentwords.

Youcanoftenusephraseslikethistobegintheconcludingsentence:
Asyoucansee,
Thatswhy

Inbrief,
Inconclusion,
Onthewhole,

Insum,
Inshort,
Insummary,

Forexample:

Topicsentence:Mygrandfatherhadmorestoriesthanachildrenslibrary.
Conclusion:Asyoucansee,mygrandfatherhadanendlessimaginationthatbroughtsmiles

toeveryonearoundhim.

Topicsentence:WhenIwasachild,Ithoughtmygrandfatherwassuperman.
Conclusion:Inshort,althoughheisnotreallyasuperhero,mygrandfatherisveryspecialto

meformanyreasons.

Topicsentence:Mypetdoghaseatenmyhomework,destroyedmyshoes,andbittenmy

friend,butstillIcannevergetangryather.
Conclusion:Inconclusion,althoughshesometimesbehavesbadly,mypetdogwillalwaysbe

animportantpartofmylife.

Readthetopicsentencesbelow,thenwriteaconcludingsentencethatsaysalmostthe
samething.(Beginyourconcludingsentencewithoneofthetransitionsabove.)

[Link]:Ihavealwayslookedforwardtoseeingmygrandfather.

ConcludingSentence:__________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link]:Mypetbirdbringswonderfulmusictomylife.

ConcludingSentence:__________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link]:ItisimportantforchildrentolearnEnglishbecauseitisspokenalmost

everywhereintheworld.

ConcludingSentence:__________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

12

ConcludingSentences

Liketopicsentences,concludingsentencesneedtobeinteresting!

Agoodconcludingsentencenotonlyendstheparagraphbutalsomakesthereaderfeellike
theparagraphwasinterestingandcreative.

Examples:
Inshort,summerisagoodtimeofyear.(boring!)
Inshort,summerisarelaxingandmagicaltimeofyear.(interesting!)
Inbrief,playingguitarisfun.(boring!)
Inbrief,playingguitarisafrustratingyetrewardinghobbythatanyonecanenjoy.
(interesting!)

Intheseexamples,[Link],magical,frustrating,and
[Link]
adjectiveswhenyouwrite,andyourwritingwillbemuchmoreinteresting.(Ifyouneedhelp
findinginterestingadjectives,lookinathesaurus!)

[Link](I)iftheyareinteresting,or(U)iftheyare
uninteresting.(Seepage76forsampleanswers.)

1._____Inshort,mygrandfatherwasagoodman.

2._____Inbrief,playingtenniscanchangeyourlifeandmakeyouahappier,healthier

person.

3._____Insum,myhometownisawonderfulandpeacefulplacetogrowup.

4._____Inconclusion,mycatisafunnypet.

5._____Asyoucansee,Frenchisafunlanguagetolearn.

Now,rewritethesentencesthatyouthinkare(U)[Link]
tomakethesentencesmoreinteresting.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

13

ConcludingSentences:Practice

[Link]
sentencethatissimilartothetopicsentenceandinteresting!

Writing is not only a way to communicate, it is a tool for expressing your


thoughts and exploring new ideas. Ever since I was young, I have kept a diary. I
wrote my thoughts in my diary every day. Now that I am older, I still enjoy writing,
and I often write short stories. Sometimes I still like to write down my thoughts at
the end of the day. It helps me understand myself better, and it helps me see my life
more clearly. __________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

My nephews Jason and Levi are like a ray of sunshine in my cloudy life. Every time I
see them, they make me smile, even if Im in a bad mood. Although they are much
younger than me, I enjoy talking to them and sharing secrets with them. We like to
go swimming and hiking as well as playing basketball sometimes. My nephews look
up to me, so I try to behave well and give them a good example. I am glad my
nephews live near me, and I am excited to watch them grow up. ________________
_____________________________________________________________________.

For people around the world, the Red Cross is often the difference between
life and death. For several years, the Red Cross has been helping people who are sick,
victims of wars, and victims of natural disasters. The Red Cross does not take sides,
but rather helps anyone who needs help. After Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans,
the Red Cross worked hard and saved many lives. Also, after Japan was hit by a
tsunami in 2011, the Red Cross helped the people there get through this difficult
time. ________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

14

WritingPractice

Chooseoneofthetopicsbelow,[Link]:

TopicSentence

Body(withmanydetails/examples)

ConcludingSentence

Topic1:MyIdealJob
9 Whatisyouridealjob?Why?
9 Whatwouldyoudointhisjob?
9 Givesomereasonsthatthisisyouridealjob.

Topic2:ALifeChangingExperience
9 Whatisoneexperiencethathaschangedyourlife?
9 Whathappened?
9 Whatdidyoulearnfromthisexperience?
9 Howdiditmakeyoufeel?
9 Howdiditchangeyourlife?

Topic3:ATriptoaFarm
9 Writeaboutatimethatyouvisitedafarm.
9 Whatdidyousee?Howdidyoufeel?
9 Howwasitdifferentfromwhereyoulive?
9 Whodidyoumeet?Whatdidyoudo?

Chooseoneofthesetopics,andthenwritethetopicsentence,notesaboutthebody,and
concludingsentencebelow.

Topicsentence:______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Body(3or4examples,details,orreasonstogivemoreinformationaboutyourtopicsentence):

Concludingsentence(Summarizeyouressay,andsayyourmainideaagain):________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Now,onaseparatepieceofpaper,writeacompleteparagraphusingtheinformationyou
wroteabove.

15

UNIT1:FormalWriting

Chapter2
PunctuationandProperSentences

SentenceFragments
RunonSentences
CommaSplices
Conjunctions
CommasandSemicolons

16

SentenceFragments:Introduction
Whenyouwrite,[Link]
something,soasentencefragmentisjustapieceofasentencenotacompletesentence.

Acompletesentenceshouldhaveasubject(whatisthesentenceabout?)andapredicate
(whatdoesthesubjectdo?).Thesubjectisusuallyanoun,andthepredicatealwayshasa
[Link],thesubjectsareboldfaceandthepredicatesareunderlined.

Examples:
BecauseIwastired.(sentencefragment)
IwenttosleepbecauseIwastired.(completesentence)

Thetripthatwewentonlastsummer.(sentencefragment)
Thetripthatwewentonlastsummerwasfun.(completesentence)

Andboughtalotofvegetables.(sentencefragment)
Janwenttothegrocerystoreandboughtalotofvegetables.(completesentence)

[Link],[Link]
sentencefragment,writeF.(Seepage76foranswers.)

1._____ButIdidnthavetime.
2._____EveryoneIknow.
3._____Ihaveacat.
4._____Themostbeautifulgirlintheworld.
5._____Mycaristooold.
6._____Weplayedtennisafterschoolyesterday.
7._____BeforewewokeuponSaturdaymorning.
8._____ThedogthatIfoundonthesideoftheroad.
9._____Maxfoundawallet.
10._____Sittingonthepurplechair.

17

SentenceFragments:Review
[Link]
sentencefragments.(Youmighthavetoaddsomewords.)(Seepage76forsampleanswers.)

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

18

RunonSentences:Introduction

Arunonsentenceiswhentwocompletesentencesareputtogetherwithoutcorrect
punctuation(acommaorperiod,forexample).Youshouldavoidrunonsentenceswhenyou
write!

Examples:

Wewenttothebeachitwasalotoffun.(runonsentence)
Thisisactuallytwosentences:[Link],you
canaddaperiod:

[Link].(Right!)
Oryoucanaddaconjunction(and/but/so/because)betweenthesentences.(Note:With
and/but/soyouneedtouseacomma(,),butwithbecauseyouusuallydontneedacomma.)
Wewenttothebeach,anditwasalotoffun.(Right!)

Wewenttothebeachbecauseitisafunplacetogo.(Right!)

Johnissickhehasntgonetothedoctor.(runonsentence)
[Link].(Right!)

Johnissick,buthehasntgonetothedoctor.(Right!)

Ididntfinishmyhomeworktheteacherisnothappywithme.(runonsentence)

[Link].(Right!)

Ididntfinishmyhomework,sotheteacherisnothappywithme.(Right!)

Rewritetheserunonsentencesusingaperiod(.)oraconjunction(and/but/so/because).(See
page76forsampleanswers.)

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

19

Punctuation:CommaSplicesandConjunctions
WhenyouwriteinEnglish,youhavetobecarefulwithpunctuation.

Youcannotputtwosentencestogetherwithonlyacomma(,)thisiscalledacomma
splice.(Acommaspliceislikearunonsentenceyoushouldavoiditinyourwriting.)

Ifyouwanttoputtwosentencestogether,youneedaconjunction:and/but/so/because
**Note:Withand/but/soyouneedtouseacomma,butyouusuallydontneeda
commawithbecause.

Examples:

Iwenthomeearly,Ididmyhomework.(Wrong!)

Iwenthomeearly,andIdidmyhomework.(Right!)

Ididntfinishmyhomework,theteacherwasangry.(Wrong!)

Ididntfinishmyhomework,sotheteacherwasangry.(Right!)

TheteacherwasangrybecauseIdidntfinishmyhomework.(Right!)

Youcandrawpicturesinclass,youcanttalktootherstudents.(Wrong!)

Youcandrawpicturesinclass,butyoucanttalktootherstudents.(Right!)

Combinethesentencesbelow,usingaconjunction(and/but/so/because)andacomma(if
youuseand/but/so).(Seepage76forsampleanswers.)

[Link],hevisitedmanycountries.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Ididntgethurt.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],IwenttoaJapaneserestaurant.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],theydidnthaveaverygoodtime.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],healsolikestoplaysoccer.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],hegotintrouble.

___________________________________________________________________________

20

Punctuation:CommasandConjunctions(and)

Whenyouwriteandinasentence,youhavetobecareful:Doyouneedacomma?

Lookatthesesentences:
[Link].
Thesearebothcompletesentences,soyoucanconnectthemwithacomma(,)andand:
Iwenttothetheater,andIwatchedamovie.

Butyoucanalsowritethisadifferentway:
Iwenttothetheaterandwatchedamovie.
Youdonotneedacommainthissentence,becausewatchedamovieisnotacomplete
sentence(itdoesnthavethesubjectI).

Examples(allofthesesentencesarecorrect!):
Johnateasandwich,andhewatchedTV.
JohnateasandwichandwatchedTV.

Marthavisitedherdaughter,andshehadagoodtime.
Marthavisitedherdaughterandhadagoodtime.

[Link],
[Link].(Seepage76foranswers.)

[Link].
Alexworkedinabank,andhemetmanyinterestingpeople.__________________________
Alexworkedinabankandmetmanyinterestingpeople._____________________________

[Link]$1,000fine.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

21

Conjunctions:And

Whenyouuseandtoconnecttwoideaswithoutacomma,youhavetobecareful!Both
verbsmustbethesametense.

Examples:
Johnwenttothesupermarketandbuysomegroceries.(Wrong!)
Johnwenttothesupermarketandboughtsomegroceries.(Right!)

Janeisdancingandsingasong.(Wrong!)
Janeisdancingandsingingasong.(Right!)

WewillgotoNevadaandstayinginanicehotel.(Wrong!)
WewillgotoNevadaandstayinanicehotel.(Right!)*

*Note:Ifyouhaveahelpingverb(likewill,can,should,etc.)youonlyneedtouse
itwiththefirstverb:

Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkandcleanyourroom.(Right!)

Youcanlistentomusicanddoyourhomeworkatthesametime.(Right!)

Rewritethesesentencesandcorrectthemistakes.(Seepage76forsampleanswers.)

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

22

Punctuation:Semicolons(;)
Semicolons(;)aresimilartocommas,butyoudontneedaconjunction(and/but/so)
withasemicolon.

Youcanusesemicolons(;)[Link]
semicolonwhenthesecondsentencegivesmoreinformationaboutthefirstsentence.

Examples:
Iwastiredyesterday;Iwasntabletofinishmywork.
Mybosswasawisewoman;shetaughtmealotofusefulskills.
Smokingisbadforyou;itcandamageyourlungs.
Intheseexamples,thesecondpartofthesentence(afterthesemicolon)helpsexplain,
clarify,andgivemoreinformationaboutthefirstpartofthesentence.

Useasemicolontoaddmoreinformationaboutthesentencesbelowandanswerthe
[Link].(Seepage76forsampleanswers.)

[Link].(Why?Whatdoyoumean?)
Tropicalislandsaregreatplacestolive;theyhavebeautifulbeaches,andtheweatheris
greatallyear._____________________________________________________________

[Link].(Why?Give1or2examples.)

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].(Why?Whatdoessheliketodoatnight?)

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].(Sowhatdidtheydo?Whathappened?)

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].(Why?Whatareyougoingtodothere?)

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

23

Punctuation:Review

Theparagraphbelowhasmanypunctuationandgrammarerrors(commasplices,sentence
fragments,etc.).Rewritetheparagraph,correctingtheerrors.(Seepage76forsampleanswers.)

ChangingPriorities

Aspeoplegrowolder,[Link]

[Link]
[Link]
[Link],Iwas
[Link]
grandmothergrewold,[Link]
same,[Link],itseemsliketheonlythinghecaresaboutishischildren
[Link],wewenttoamovieandwatchamovie
[Link]
mypriorities,Ithinkthiswillmakemylifemuchmoreenjoyable.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

24

UNIT2:Transitions

Chapter3
IntroductiontoCommonTransitions

Firstofall/Second/Then/Next/Finally

Inaddition/Additionally/Furthermore/Moreover/Plus
/aswell/aswellas/notonlybutalso

However/Nevertheless/Still/Despitethat/Nonetheless/Evenso

Therefore/Consequently/AsaResult/Thus/Forthisreason

25

Transitions:ListingThingsinOrder

Whenyouwriteanessay,[Link]
transitionwordsbelowtodothis:

First,
Firstandforemost,
Firstly,
Firstoff,

Second,/Third,/Fourth,etc. Last,
Next,
Finally,
Lastbutnotleast,
Afterthat,
Then,

[Link].
(Seepage77forsampleanswers.)

HowtoMakeanEggSandwich

Ifyouaresittingathomeandyoucanhearyourstomachmakingfunnynoises,its

[Link]
[Link].__________,youneedto
cracktheeggintoabowlorcup,andthenstiritwithafork.__________,pourtheeggintoa
pan,[Link],butbecarefulnottoburn
yourself!__________,putthebreadintothetoasterwhiletheeggiscooking(about2or3
minutes).Whentheeggstartstogethard,turnofftheheat.__________,puttheegg
betweenthetwopiecesoftoast,andenjoyyoursimple,healthysnack!

HowtoBecomeaBasketballPlayer!

Basketballisoneofthemostenjoyablesports,andallyouneedtobecomea

[Link],thefirst
thingyoushoulddoisbuyabasketball!__________,gotoabasketballcourtinyour
neighborhood,andpracticedribblingtheball.__________,practiceshootingfreethrows,
thenmovearoundthecourtandtrytoimprove.__________,findafewfriends,andstarta
gameofthreeonthree!Afterafewgames,youwillnoticethatyouarealreadyapretty
goodbasketballplayer!

26

Transitions:ListingThingsinOrder

Writeyourownhowtoparagraph,usingthesetransitionwords:

First,
Firstandforemost,
Firstly,
Firstoff,

Second,/Third,/Fourth,etc. Last,
Next,
Finally,
Afterthat,
Lastbutnotleast,
Then,

Herearesomesampletopics:
Howtotieyourshoes
Howtomakeapeanutbutterandjellysandwich
Howtogetalongwithyoursister
Howtogetinshape
HowtoimproveyourEnglish
orchooseyourown!

______________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

27

Transitions:
Inaddition/Additionally/Furthermore/Moreover/Plus/aswell

Transitionsarewordthathelpconnectideasinaparagraph.

Whenyouaregivingmanyexamplesorideasinthebodyofaparagraph,youshouldtrytointroduce
eachideawithatransitionword.(YoushouldnotstartasentencewithAnd.)Therearemany
transitionsthatmeanAlsoorAnd:

Inaddition/Additionally/Furthermore/Moreover/Plus/aswell

[Link].

[Link]/Additionally

[Link]
writeaformalessay,[Link]
InadditionorAdditionallyinsteadofAnd.

[Link],Ihadaparttimejobatanewspaper.
[Link],Iwentona

campingtripwiththedebateteam.

[Link]/Moreover

FurthermoreandMoreoverarealsoveryformal,andtheyarebasicallythesameasin
[Link]
aboutouropinions.

Smokingisabadhabitbecauseitsmellsbadanditcandamageyourhealth.

Furthermore,itisaveryexpensivehabit.
[Link],heisnottrustworthy.
[Link],theydonthaveenough

freetime.
[Link]

efficientcars,[Link],weshouldstopbusinesses

frompollutingtheenvironment.

[Link]/aswell

Plusandaswellcanbeformalorinformal.(aswellisusedattheendofasentence)

Thatcarhasnewbrakes,anairconditioner,[Link],ithasan

alarm.
Thetyphoondestroyedmycousinshome,anditdestroyedhiscaraswell.
Mygrandfatherfoughtintwowars,[Link]

ownbusinessaswell.
[Link],itsnoteventhatgood.

*Note:ifthesentenceisnegative,useeitherinsteadofaswell.
Ilikemath,andIlikescienceaswell.
Idontlikemath,andIdontlikescienceeither.

28

TransitionsReview:
Inaddition/Additionally/Furthermore/Moreover/Plus/aswell

[Link],writeonemoresentence,usingthetransitionwords
abovetogivemoreinformation.(Seepage77forsampleanswers.)

**Note:Whenyoustartasentencewiththesewords,youneedtoputacommaafterthem.

[Link].________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link]

instudyingEnglish.___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].__________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link]!Youalwaysmakefunofyoursistersweight!_______________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].______________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].___________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],theirbodiesandfaceslook
similartoours,[Link],theyareabletowalkontwolegs.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

29

Transitions:Aswellas

[Link].

SentencePattern:
AaswellasB(+ing)
AandBaswellasC(+ing)
*Note:Ifthewordafteraswellasisaverb,youmustadding.

Examples:
Incollege,Ijoinedthesportsclubandthemusicclub,aswellasparticipatinginthe
studentgovernmentandservingasaclassleader.
IwenttoParisandLondon,aswellasBerlinandEdinburgh.
Istudiedpsychologyandmedicine,aswellasworkinginahospitaltogainfirsthand
experience.
Therearehurricanesandearthquakesaswellastornadoesinthatstate.
Thepetstoresellscatsanddogs,aswellaslizardsandbirds.
Thenewclinictreatssickpeopleaswellasprovidingyoungdoctorswithaplaceto
acquirepractice.
Hisbadattitudecauseshimtodopoorlyinschool,aswellasmakingitharderforhim
tomakefriends.

Rewritethesesentenceswithaswellas(thefirstoneisdoneforyou).
(Seepage77forsampleanswers.)

[Link],Iran,rodemybicycle,andswam.
Inthetriathlon,Iranandrodemybicycleaswellasswimming.________________________

[Link],Ihavereadhismagazine
essaysandnewspaperarticles.
_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

[Link],workedinseveraljobs,andacquiredconsiderable
experienceinextracurricularactivities.
_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

[Link],injuressoldiers,andcostsalotofmoney.
_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

30

Transitions:Notonlybutalso

Thisissimilartoaswellasandisoftenusedinformalwriting

SentencePattern:
notonlyAbutalsoB.

Examples:

Inthisclasswenotonlysingsongsbutalsoplaygames.

MyunclenotonlyrodeamotorcycleacrossSouthAmericabutalsorodehisbike

acrossChina.

Thiscityisnotonlyexpensivebutalsodangerous.

WritingEnglishessaysisnotonlyfrustratingbutalsotimeconsuming.

Rewritethesesentenceswithnotonlybutalso(thefirstoneisdoneforyou).(Seepage77
forsampleanswers.)

[Link],hesmokesalotofcigarettes.

[Link].____________

[Link],anditcandamageotherpeopleshealthaswell.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],spacetravelwillbecomecheaperaswellasfaster.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Iwantyoutolistencarefullytothespeaker.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Igottoshakehishand!

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

31

Transitions:
However/Nevertheless/Still/Despitethat/Nonetheless/Evenso
Whenyouwriteaformalessay,youshouldnotstartasentencewithAnd,But,orSo.
Inthissection,youwilllearnsometransitionwordsthatyoucanuseinsteadofAnd,But,
orSo.

ThesetransitionscanallbeusedinsteadofAnd(thesewereintroducedontheprevious
pages):

Inaddition/Additionally/Furthermore/Moreover/Plus

**Note:[Link]
afterasemicolon(;).
**Note:Whenyoustartasentencewiththesewords,youneedtoputacommaafterthem.

Additionally,youcanusethefollowingtransitionsinsteadofBut:

However/Nevertheless/Still/Despitethat/Nonetheless/Evenso

Examples:

I'[Link],Isometimeseatfish.

[Link],hegotaperfectscoreonhisEnglishtest.

[Link],Iwanttogoexploreitsomeday.

[Link],Kimgivesittoherdogtodrink.

[Link],sheisgivingaspeechatthe
UnitedNationsnextweek.

[Link],hecanbeveryrude.

[Link],noonewaskilled.

[Link],hestilleatsa
hamburgereverydayforlunch.

[Link],heshouldgetajobandlearntoberesponsible
withmoney.

Theschoolsaidthatwecan'[Link],Julieworehernewshortsand
wastoldtogohome.

[Link],we'regoingtotrytogocampingthis
weekend.

[Link],we'regoingtoperformwithouthimtonight.

32

Transitions:Review
However/Nevertheless/Still/Despitethat/Nonetheless/Evenso

Rewritethesesentencesusingthetransitionwordsabove.(Seepage77forsampleanswers.)
**Remember:Youshouldeitherstartanewsentencewiththesetransitionwords,orusea
semicolon(;).

[Link],buthecametoschooltoday.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],butIknowsomeonewhocan.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],buthesnotfull.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],butIhaventtakenoutthetrashyet.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],buttheyfightalmosteveryday.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],buthegetssickallthetime.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],buttheyfinallycametoanagreement.

___________________________________________________________________________

33

Transitions:
Therefore/Consequently/AsaResult/Thus/Forthisreason

YoucanusethefollowingtransitionsinsteadofSo:

Therefore/Consequently/AsaResult/Thus/Forthisreason

**Note:Whenyoustartasentencewiththesewords,youneedtoputacommaafterthem.

Examples:

[Link],Ihavedecidedtostudy
biologyincollege.

[Link],hewaskickedofftheteam.

[Link],schoolwascancelled.

[Link],manypeoplesuffered.

[Link],IhavedecidedtomovetoOhio.

IusedtowasteallofmytimewatchingTVshowsthatIdidn'[Link],I
decidedtogiveawaymyTV,sothatImightstartgettingmoreworkdone.

[Link].(See
page77forsampleanswers.)

[Link],soyoucantbringaknifeoralighterontheplane.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],anditstoppedworking,soIneedtoeitherbuyanewphoneor
borrowyours.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],sohewasthrownoutofthegame.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],butitrainsalmosteveryday,sospringismyfavorite
season.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

34

Transitions:Review
Therefore/Consequently/Asaresult/Thus/Forthisreason

[Link],writeonemoresentence,usingthetransitionwords
above,toexplainwhathappens.(Seepage77forsampleanswers.)

[Link].________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].___________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link]._____________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link]._________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link]._______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link]._____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].__________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

35

Transitions:Punctuation
Whenyouusetransitions,youhavetobecarefulwithpunctuation.

Forexample,withthesetransitions,youneedtoknowthethreerulesbelow:

However/Nevertheless/Still/Despitethat/Nonetheless/Evenso

Therefore/Consequently/AsaResult/Thus/Forthisreason

1. Youneedtoputacommaafterthemwhentheyareatthebeginningofasentence.
[Link],Iknowthathelovesme.
[Link],Iplayeveryweekend.

2. Also,youcanuseasemicolon(;however,)oraperiod(.However,).
Westudiedveryhard;despitethat,webothfailedthetest.
[Link],webothfailedthetest.

3. Youcannotuseonlyacomma(,however,).
Jameslosthisjob,consequently,hehadtomoveinwithhisparents.(Wrong!)
[Link],hehadtomoveinwithhisparents.(Right!)
Jameslosthisjob;consequently,hehadtomoveinwithhisparents.(Right!)

WriteCifthepunctuationiscorrectorIifthepunctuationisincorrect.
IfyouwriteI,fixthepunctuation.(Seepage77forsampleanswers.)

1._____Myuncleisapilot.Evenso,heissometimesafraidofheights.

2._____Chrisistheoldestboxerinthecity,nevertheless,hehasntlostanyfightsthisyear.

3._____Jackywascaughtusinghercellphonetocheatonthetest.Thereforecellphones

arenowbannedinclassrooms.

4._____Thepoliticianhasliedtothepeoplemanytimes.Still,manypeoplevoteforhim.

5._____Ourteamtrainedmuchharderthantheotherteams,asaresultwewonthe

championship.

6._____Thiscomputeristhemostexpensiveone;however,Idontthinkitsthebest.

7._____Jackdidnthavehealthinsurance,consequently,hecouldntgettreatmentwhenhe

gotsick.

8._____Rosesaidthatshedoesntlikecoldweathernonethelessshedecidedtomoveto

Canada.

36

Transitions:Punctuation
[Link],addingcorrectpunctuation
andcapitalletterswherenecessary.(Seepage78foranswers.)

AnInfluentialPersoninMyLife:MyOlderBrotherMichael

Manypeoplehaveinfluencedmeandtaughtmethingsinmylifebutmyolder

brotherMichaelhasinfluencedmethemosteversinceIwaslittleIhavelookedupto
MichaelhelovedtoplaybasketballsoIplayedbasketballtooinadditionMichaelhasalways
givenmegoodadviceabouthowtogetgoodgradesandstayoutoftroublewhenIstarted
datingMichaelhelpedmehavetheconfidencetoaskgirlsoutoccasionallyMichaelandIwill
getintoargumentshoweverwequicklymakeupandtheargumentsneverlastlongIknow
thathewillbethereformeforeverthereforeIamgladtohavesuchasupportiveandwise
olderbrother

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

37

Transitions:Review
[Link]
wordsintheboxesandfillintheblanks.(Seepage78forsampleanswers.)

*Donotusethesametransitionwordtwice!
**Thesentencesshouldallmakesense!

Inaddition/Additionally/Furthermore/Moreover/Plus
However/Nevertheless/Still/Despitethat/Nonetheless/Evenso

Therefore/Consequently/AsaResult/Thus/Forthisreason

MyBestFriend:MySisterBeth

[Link],wehave

[Link]
talking._______________,weliketoplayoutside,forexample,ridingourbikestothepark
orplayinghideandseekintheforestbehindourhouse._______________,ourrelationship
[Link].
_______________,wecantstaymadateachother,andwealwaysgetoveritquickly.I
knowthatmysisterreallycaresaboutme._______________,Ialwaystrytoforgiveherif
shedoessomethingwrongormakesamistake._______________,Ialwaystrytohelpher
whensheneedshelp,[Link],
mysisterisaveryspecialpersoninmylife,andImsurewewillbebestfriendsforever.

38

Transitions:Review
[Link]
wordsintheboxesandfillintheblanks.(Seepage78forsampleanswers.)

*Donotusethesametransitionwordtwice!
**Thesentencesshouldallmakesense!

Inaddition/Additionally/Furthermore/Moreover/Plus
However/Nevertheless/Still/Despitethat/Nonetheless/Evenso

Therefore/Consequently/AsaResult/Thus/Forthisreason

IfIWontheLottery

IfIwononemilliondollarsinthelottery,itwouldbehardtodecidehowtospendthe

[Link],bydonatingtocharity,forexample._______________,
Iwouldalsowanttousesomeofthemoneytobuythingsformyself._______________,I
wouldprobablydecidetogive30%tocharityandspend20%[Link]
computerandalargecollectionofvideogames._______________,Iwouldgetanew
bicycleandanmp3playerwithalotofmemory.

AfterIspent30%oncharityand20%onmyself,Iwouldstillhave50%ofonemillion

dollars,whichis$500,[Link]!_______________,Iwouldprobablysave
mostofthistohelppayforcollege._______________,[Link]
probablygivesomemoneytomyparentsandfriends,becauseitwouldmakethemhappyto
[Link];______________,asyoucan
see,Iwouldhavenoproblemusingitall!

39

WritingPractice
Whoisyourbestfriend?Inthespacebelow,[Link]
[Link]!

Inaddition/Additionally/Furthermore/Moreover/Plus

However/Nevertheless/Still/Despitethat/Nonetheless/Evenso

Therefore/Consequently/AsaResult/Thus/Forthisreason

MyBestFriend:______________

_____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

40

WritingPractice
Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?Inthespacebelow,writeanessayabouthow
youwouldspendthemoney.(Remembertousewouldnotwillbecauseyoudont
reallyhaveonemilliondollars!)[Link]
transitionwordsbelowinyourparagraph!

Inaddition/Additionally/Furthermore/Moreover/Plus

However/Nevertheless/Still/Despitethat/Nonetheless/Evenso

Therefore/Consequently/AsaResult/Thus/Forthisreason

IfIWontheLottery

_____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

41

UNIT2:Transitions

Chapter4

ExpressingContrast

Transitions:
Although
Eventhough
Though
Despite
Inspiteof
Despitethefactthat

42

Although/Eventhough
SentencePattern:
Although[sentence],[sentence]
Eventhough[sentence],[sentence]

Examples:
Itwasraining,butIstillwalkedtoschool.
Althoughitwasraining,Iwalkedtoschool.
Eventhoughitwasraining,Iwalkedtoschool.

Imavegetarian,butIsometimeseatfish.
AlthoughImavegetarian,Isometimeseatfish.
EventhoughImavegetarian,Isometimeseatfish.

Wemissedthebeginningofthemovie,butwestillenjoyeditalot.
Eventhoughwemissedthebeginningofthemovie,weenjoyeditalot.
Althoughwemissedthebeginningofthemovie,westillenjoyeditalot.

Rewritethesesentencesusingalthoughoreventhough.(Seepage78forsampleanswers.)
[Link],butIdonthaveanyevidencethattheyexist.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
[Link],butIstillkeepintouchwithmyfriendsinKorea.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
[Link],butheisstillworkingveryhard.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
[Link],butitwasclosedwhenIgotthere.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

43

Eventhough

Youcanalsoputeventhoughinthemiddleofasentence.

SentencePattern:
Eventhough[sentenceA],[sentenceB]
[sentenceB]eventhough[sentenceA]

Examples:
EventhoughIfightwithmysisteralot,Istillloveher.
IlovemysistereventhoughIfightwithheralot.

Eventhoughhesonly16yearsold,Daveisalreadyapplyingtocolleges.
Daveisalreadyapplyingtocollegeseventhoughhesonly16yearsold.

Eventhoughshesnervousspeakinginfrontofpeople,Mandyenteredaspeech
competition.
Mandyenteredaspeechcompetitioneventhoughshesnervousspeakinginfront
ofpeople.

Rewritethesesentencestwicea)firstwitheventhoughatthebeginningofthe
sentence,andthenb)witheventhoughinthemiddleofthesentence.(Seepage78for
answers.)

[Link],butshestilllikestoplaybasketball.
a)__________________________________________________________________________
b)__________________________________________________________________________
[Link],buthestillgoestoworkeveryday.
a)__________________________________________________________________________
b)__________________________________________________________________________
[Link],butIstillfailedit.
a)__________________________________________________________________________
b)__________________________________________________________________________
[Link],butshestilleatssteaksometimes.
a)__________________________________________________________________________
b)__________________________________________________________________________

44

Though
Thoughhasthesamemeaningasalthoughoreventhough.
**Youcanputthoughatthebeginningofasentence,inthemiddleofasentence,and
alsoattheendofasentence.

SentencePattern:
Eventhough[sentenceA],[sentenceB]
[sentenceB]eventhough[sentenceA]
[SentenceA].[SentenceB]though.

Examples:

ThoughIvemetthatmantwice,Icantrememberhisname.

Ivemetthatmantwice,thoughIcantrememberhisname.

[Link],though.

ThoughIworkveryhard,Idontmakemuchmoney.

Idontmakemuchmoney,thoughIworkveryhard.

[Link],though.

Rewritethesesentencesthreetimesa)firstwiththoughatthebeginningofthe
sentence,thenb)withthoughinthemiddleofthesentence,andfinallyc)withthough
attheendofthesentence.(Seepage78forsampleanswers.)
[Link],butheisnotanarrogantperson.
a)__________________________________________________________________________
b)__________________________________________________________________________
c)__________________________________________________________________________

[Link],butsheisnotsad.
a)__________________________________________________________________________
b)__________________________________________________________________________
c)__________________________________________________________________________

45

Although/Eventhough/ThoughREVIEW

Readthefollowingstory,andcompletetheblanksentencestomakethestorymakesense.
Thefirstoneisdoneforyou.(Seepage78forsampleanswers.)

LuckyBrian

EveryonecallsmyfriendBrianLuckyBrianbecausehealwaysseemsto

[Link],eventhoughherarelystudies,healways
[Link],
________________________________________________________________.
Whenhetookthetesttogethisdriverslicense,hepassedthetesteven
though__________________________________________________________.
Also,heoften_____________________________________________________.
Henevergetsintrouble,[Link],wewerewalkingdownthestreet
andhefound$[Link],
_________________________________________________________________.
[Link],heisstillnice
andhonest.

46

Despite/Inspiteof
Despiteissimilartoalthough,butyouonlywriteanounorphraseafterdespite:

SentencePattern:
Despite[noun/phrase],[sentence]
Inspiteof[noun/phrase],[sentence]

Despiteherstrongaccent,Iunderstoodeverythingthatshesaid.
Inspiteoftherain,weenjoyedcampingverymuch.
Despitehisgoodgrades,Johndidntgetintothebestuniversity.
Inspiteofherillness,Janehasapositiveattitude.

Youcanalsoputdespite/inspiteofattheendofthesentences:

IunderstoodeverythingthatJanesaiddespiteherstrongaccent.
Weenjoyedcampingverymuchinspiteoftherain.
Johndidntgetintothebestuniversitydespitehisgoodgrades.
Janehasapositiveattitudeinspiteofherillness.

Remember:Afterdespite/inspiteof,youshouldonlywriteanounoraphrase,andnota

completesentence.(Youcanwriteacompletesentenceafteralthough/eventhough,but

notafterdespite/inspiteof)

Wrong:Despiteitwasraining,wewenttothebeach.
Right:Despitetherain,wewenttothebeach.
Right:Althoughitwasraining,wewenttothebeach.

Wrong:Despitehewasagoodstudent,Johndidntgetintothebestuniversity.
Right:Despitebeing*agoodstudent,Johndidntgetintothebestuniversity.
Right:Althoughhewasagoodstudent,Johndidntgetintothebestuniversity.

*Ifyouhaveaverbafterdespite,youneedtoadding

Despitehavingacold,Billwenttowork.(OR:Despitehiscold,Billwenttowork.)
Despitebeingtired,Billwenttowork.

47

Despite/Inspiteof
Rewritethesesentencesusingdespiteorinspiteof.(Seepage78forsampleanswers.)

[Link],buthestilltriedtowalktoschool.
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Marydecidedtogorunning.
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],eventhoughtheweatherwascold.
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],butIdecidedtobuyitanyways.
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Mickeyisntoverweight.
___________________________________________________________________________

Nowwritetwoofyourownsentences,usingdespiteorinspiteof:
1.__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

48

[Link]

SentencePatterns:
Despite[noun/phrase],[sentence]
Although[sentence],[sentence]

Afterdespiteyoushouldonlywriteanounoraphrase,butafteralthough
youcanwriteacompletesentence.

Example1:
Despiteherbadgrades,Juliegotintoagoodschool.

(herbadgradesisaphrase,notasentence)
Althoughshegotbadgrades,Juliegotintoagoodschool.

(shegotbadgradesisacompletesentence)

Example2:
Despitetheheat,Rickhasnotboughtanairconditioner.

(theheatisaphrase,notasentence)
Althoughitisveryhot,Rickhasnotboughtanairconditioner.

(itisveryhotisacompletesentence)

Example3:
Despiteeatingalotoffood,Lillianisstillhungry.

(eatingalotoffoodisaphrase,notasentence)
Althoughsheatealotoffood,Lillianisstillhungry.

(sheatealotoffoodisacompletesentence)

Remember:

Youcanuseinspiteofinsteadofdespite.
Youcanuseeventhoughorthoughinsteadofalthough

49

[Link]
Fillintheblankswithdespiteoralthough.(Seepage78foranswers.)

1.__________Ididntsleepwelllastnight,Idontfeeltootiredtoday.
2.__________notfeelingwell,Johnwenttoworktoday.
3.Wedecidedtogotothebeach__________thecoldweather.
4.__________sheisaverysmartgirl,Janedoesntdowellontests.
5.__________thisbookisverylong,Iwasabletoreaditinjusttwodays.
6.__________beingverylong,Iwasabletoreadthatbookinjusttwodays.
7.Jerrypassedthetest___________makingseveralmistakes.
8.__________hewashungry,Mikeofferedhissandwichtohislittlebrother.
9.__________hishunger,Mikeofferedhissandwichtohislittlebrother.
10.Wehadtogotoschoolyesterday__________thetyphoon.

RewritethesesentencesIfthesentenceusesalthough/eventhoughrewriteitwithdespite/in
[Link]/inspiteof,rewriteitwithalthough/eventhough.

[Link],wehadtogotoschoolyesterday.
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Jeffisabletoplaybaseballaswellaseveryoneelse.
___________________________________________________________________________

50

Despite(inspiteof)/Although(eventhough/though)Review
Rewritethesesentencestwice:oncewithdespite(inspiteof),andoncewithalthough(even
though/though).(Seepage78forsampleanswers.)

Example1:
Daviddoesnthaveajob,butheboughtanewcaryesterday
Althoughhedoesnthaveajob,Davidboughtanewcaryesterday._____________________
Despitenothavingajob,Davidboughtanewcaryesterday.___________________________

Example2:
Theweatherisverycold,butCindyhasntboughtacoat.
Althoughtheweatherisverycold,Cindyhasntboughtacoat._________________________
Despitethecoldweather,Cindyhasntboughtacoat.________________________________

[Link],butshestilllikestoclimbmountains.
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
[Link],butIamgoingtostayuplateanddomyhomework.
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
[Link],butIwanttotravelthereanyways.
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
[Link],butJanestilldriveshercartoworkeveryday.
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

51

Despite(inspiteof)/Although(eventhough/though)Review
Rewritethesesentencesandcorrectthemistakes.(Seepage79forsampleanswers.)

[Link],Markwentrunningatnoon.
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],butIdontwanttoplayoutside.
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],IthinkIshouldgotoschooltoday.
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],butItookitwhenIwasinhighschool.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],mygrandmothergoesrunningeveryday.
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],butMandysgradeswerenotvery
goodthissemester.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].
___________________________________________________________________________

52

Despitethefactthat

Finally,[Link]
though:

SentencePatterns:
Despitethefactthat[sentenceA],[sentenceB]
[sentenceB]despitethefactthat[sentenceA]

DespitethefactthatJaneneverstudies,hergradesarealwaysprettygood.

Despitethefactthathesonlyplayedguitarfortwomonths,Johnhasalready

startedaband!

Julieisoverweightdespitethefactthatsheexerciseseveryday.

DespitethefactthathelivesinHawaii,Michaelhasntlearnedhowtosurf.

Rewritethesesentencesusingdespitethefactthat.(Seepage79forsampleanswers.)
[Link],thoughshedidntquitherjob.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
[Link],Davejustboughtanewcar.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
[Link].
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
[Link],butdespitethis,everyoneknowsthatheisbald.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

53

UNIT2:Transitions

Chapter5

ExpressingCauseandEffect

Transitions:
Becauseof
Dueto
Owingto

Because
Duetothefactthat

54

Becauseof/Dueto/Owingto

SentencePattern:
Becauseof
Dueto

Owingto

[sentence]

[noun/phrase],[sentence]

Becauseof
Dueto
Owingto

[noun/phrase]

**Note:BecauseofandDuetocanbeformalorinformal,butOwingtoisusually
usedinformalwriting.

Examples:

Becauseoftherain,Ididn'tgooutside.
Duetomygrades,Ididn'tgetintothegoodschool.
Owingtomyinterestinthelaw,Iplantobecomealawyer.
Ihadtostopdrivingmycarduetothehighpriceofgas.
It'snotsafetotravelinthatcountrybecauseofthecivilwar.
AngelagotintoHarvardowingtoherhardworkandpersistence.

Rewritethesesentencesusingbecauseof,dueto,orowingto.(Seepage79forsample
answers.)

[Link],sohecannotcompeteintheracetomorrow.
___________________________________________________________________________
[Link].
___________________________________________________________________________
[Link],soIalwayslistentowhathehastosay.
___________________________________________________________________________
[Link],manypeoplecannotfindjobs.
___________________________________________________________________________

55

[Link](Dueto/Owingto)
SentencePattern:
Because[sentence],[sentence]
Becauseof[noun/phrase],[sentence]
Youwriteacompletesentence(anindependentclause)afterbecause,butyouonlywritea
nounoraphrase(adependentclause)afterbecauseof(ordueto/owingto).
Examples:
Becauseitwasraining,schoolwascancelled.
Becauseoftherain,schoolwascancelled.

JohnmovedtoCaliforniabecausetheweatherisgoodthere.
JohnmovedtoCaliforniabecauseofthegoodweather.

Duetoherhardwork,LilianwaspromotedtoAssistantManager.
Becausesheworkssohard,LilianwaspromotedtoAssistantManager.

Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentencestwiceoncewithbecause,andoncewithbecauseof.
(Seepage79forsampleanswers.)

[Link],andthatswhyhegotintrouble.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

[Link].

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

[Link];therefore,IwanttogotoMIT.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

[Link];thatswhythisroadisclosed.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

56

Because/Duetothefactthat
SentencePattern:
Because[sentence],[sentence]
Duetothefactthat[sentence],[sentence]

[Link]
[Link],youhavetobecarefulwiththegrammar!Afterbecauseor
duetothefactthat,youmustwriteacompletesentence(anindependentclause).

Examples:

Duetothefactthatitwasraining,Ididntgotoschool.

Duetothefactthattheeconomyisbad,manypeoplehavelosttheirjobs.

PollutionisterribleinLAduetothefactthatsomanypeopledrivecars

everyday.

Duetothefactthatgasissoexpensive,Istoppeddrivingtowork.

[Link]/change
[Link].(Seepage79forsampleanswers.)

[Link].
Thebaseballteamheldaparadebecausetheywonthetournament.____________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],thecompanydecidedtohireJulie.

___________________________________________________________________________

57

Becauseof(Dueto/Owingto)[Link]

BecauseofandDespitehavealmostoppositemeanings.

Examples:

Becauseoftherain,Ididntwalktowork.

Despitetherain,Iwalkedtowork.

Duetotheterriblepollution,Idontwanttoliveinthecity.

Despitetheterriblepollution,Iliketoliveinthecity.

Despitethehighprice,RexboughttheFerrari.

Becauseofthehighprice,RexdidntbuytheFerrari.

[Link]
sentenceanddecidewhichonemakesthemostsense.(Seepage79foranswers.)

1.____________herpoorhealth,mygrandmotherisveryhappyperson.

2.____________hislearningdisability,Andrewhastotakespecialclasses.

3.____________theheat,manypeoplestayinsideintheairconditioningintheafternoon.

4.____________hislearningdisability,Andrewgetsverygoodgrades.

5.____________hispoorhealth,myunclecouldnotcometomybirthdayparty.

6.____________thetornado,manypeoplelosttheirhouses.

7.____________hiswealth,Marvinlivesaverynormallifeanddoesntbuyexpensivethings.

8.____________herhusbandssuccess,Marylivesaverycomfortablelife.

9.____________themedicineIamtaking,Ishouldnotdriveacarrightnow.

10.____________hisgoodscoresonEnglishtests,Ericcannotspeakveryfluently.

58

[Link]

BecauseandAlthoughhavealmostoppositemeanings.

Examples:

Becauseitwasraining,Idecidednottowalktowork.

Althoughitwasraining,Idecidedtowalktowork.

Becausehelikesanimals,Briansparentsgothimacatforhisbirthday.

Althoughhelikesanimals,Briansparentswontlethimhaveapet.

AlthoughtheFerrariisveryexpensive,IthinkImgoingtobuyit.

BecausetheFerrariissoexpensive,Idecidednottobuyit.

[Link]
sentenceanddecidewhichonemakesthemostsense.(Seepage79foranswers.)

1.____________Iwaslate,Ididntmissanythingimportant.

2.____________Iwaslate,Imissedthebeginningofthemovie.

3.____________Markneverdoeshishomework,hedoespoorlyontests.

4.____________Christinaeatslotsoffruitsandvegetables,sheisveryhealthy.

5.____________mydogiskindofugly,Ilovehimverymuch.

6.____________mycarwouldntstart,Ihadtowalktowork.

7.____________Ijustmetyou,IfeellikeIhaveknownyouforalongtime.

8.____________Johnisafamousauthor,heoftenforgetshowtospellwords.

9.____________heisthePresidentsbrother,heoftenvisitstheWhiteHouse.

10.___________Andyworksoutalot,heisstillprettyskinny.

59

Because/Although/Becauseof/DespiteREVIEW

Readeachsentence,andfillintheblankwiththemostappropriatewordbelow.(Seepage79
foranswers.)

Because

Becauseof

Despite

Although

1.____________havingacold,Darrinwenttoworkeverydaythisweek.

2.____________hehadacold,Darrinwenttoworkeverydaythisweek.

3.____________hehadacold,Darrindidntgotoworkthisweek.

4.____________histerriblecold,Darrindidntgotoworkthisweek.

5.____________ZackandMaryoftenargue,theyhavedecidedtogetadivorce.

6.____________theirdifferences,ZackandMaryhavedecidedtogetadivorce.

7.____________theyoftenargue,ZackandMarydonotwanttogetadivorce.

8.____________theirdifferences,ZackandMaryarehappilymarried.

9.____________sheisafamoussinger,Eileendoesnotearnmuchmoney.

10.___________sheisafamoussinger,Eileenearnsalotofmoney.

11.___________herfameasasinger,Eileenearnsalotofmoney.

12.___________herfameasasinger,Eileendoesnotearnmuchmoney.

13.___________theheat,mygrandmotherdoesnotgooutsideintheafternoon.

14.___________theheat,mygrandmotheroftengoesoutsideintheafternoon.

15.___________itisveryhot,mygrandmotheroftengoesoutsideintheafternoon.

16.___________itisveryhot,mygrandmotherdoesnotgooutsideintheafternoon.

60

Transitions:REVIEW

Readtheessaybelow,[Link]
sametransitionwordtwice!(Seepage79forsampleanswers.)

Inaddition
Despite
Becauseof
Moreover

Therefore
Although
Finally

Inshort

EffectsofTelevision

____________watchingtelevisionisagreatwaytorelax,manystudentswatchtoo

muchtelevision,[Link],thetelevision
[Link].____________
thesoundcomingfromtheTV,studentsmayfindithardertoreadbooksorwriteessays.
____________,thequickcamerashotsonmanytelevisionshowsmakeitharderforchildren
topayattentionforlongperiodsoftime.____________,televisionmaynegativelyaffect
studentsinmanyways.

____________thesenegativeeffectsoftelevision,thereisaplaceforatelevisionin

[Link],andthiscan
oftenleadtointerestingconversationsanddiscussions.____________,afteralongdayat
work,itcanbenicetositdownandwatchamovieorTVshow.____________,TVnews
showsanddocumentariescanbeinformativeandcanteachtelevisionviewersnewthings
abouttheworld.

____________,[Link]

shouldnotspendtoomuchtimewatchingTV,butitissometimesfinetowatchamovieor
[Link],adultsshouldsetagoodexampleforchildrenandoccasionallyturnofftheTV
andreadabookorexerciseoutside.

61

WritingPractice:Cause/EffectEssay

ThepreviousessayisconsideredaCause/Effectessay,becauseitexplainstheeffectsof
[Link]:

Introduction:Whatisthefocusoftheessay?Whatisthecauseoreffectyouare
analyzing?

Body:(Givedetailsandseveralexamples.)

Conclusion:Wrapupyouressaywriteashortsummaryofwhatyouhavesaid.

Usingthissameformat,writeyourownCause/Effectessayonaseparatepieceofpaper.
Remembertousetransitionwordsthroughoutyouressay.

Youcanchoosefromthesetopics(orchooseyourowntopic):

TheEffectsofYearRoundSchool
TheEffectsoftheInternetonPeoplesBehavior
TheEffectsofaParentorFriendonYourLife
TheEffectsofAdvertising
TheEffectsofPeerPressure
TheCausesofBadBehavior(Whydosomestudentshavebadbehavior?)
TheCausesofCrime(Whydopeoplecommitcrimes?)
TheCausesofObesity(Whyaresomanypeopleoverweight?)
TheCausesofBoredom(Whydopeopleoftenfeelbored?)
TheCausesofViolence(Whydopeople/countriesneedtofight?)

62

UNIT2:Transitions

Chapter6

MoreTransitions

Transitions:
Regardlessof
Nomatter

Grammar:
EmbeddedQuestions

63

Regardlessof
SentencePattern:
Regardlessof[noun/phrase],[sentence]
[sentence],regardlessof[noun/phrase]
**Note:WhenyousayRegardlessof[something]itmeansthatyoudontcareabout
[something],orthat[something]willnotaffectyourbehavior.
Examples:
Regardlessoftheheat,Jedwillruninthemarathontomorrow.
Jedwillruninthemarathontomorrowregardlessoftheheat.

Iwilltryanyfood,regardlessofthetaste.
Regardlessofthedangers,Jakeplanstoclimbthatmountainintherain.
Myboyfrienddoeswhateverhewantsregardlessofmyfeelings.
[Link]
ofhisdecision,Imsurethiscompanywillcontinuetobesuccessful.

Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesusingregardlessof.(Seepage79foranswers.)

[Link].
Regardlessoftheresultofthistennismatch,bothplayersshouldbeproud.______________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],bigdogs,[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

64

Regardlessof/Nomatter
SentencePattern:
Regardlessof[embeddedquestion],[sentence]
Nomatter[embeddedquestion],[sentence]
[Link]
beginwithquestionwords(who/what/when/where/why/how/which).

Examples:
Myfatherneverlikesmyboyfriends,regardlessofwhotheyare.
NomatterhowhardItry,myparentsneverseemsatisfiedwithmygrades.
Regardlessofwhyyouarelate,youareinbigtrouble.
NomatterwhyeveryonehatesJon,Istillfeelsorryforhim.
Youcanalwayscallme,nomatterhowlateitis.

Note:Withthissentencepattern,[Link]
questionwhenyouuse[what/when/where/why/how/which],soyouneedtobecareful

withtheorderofthewords:
Nomatterwhyareyoulate(Wrong!)

Nomatterwhyyouarelate(Right!)

NomatterhowharddoItry(Wrong!)

Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesusingregardlessof.
NomatterhowhardItry(Right!)

[Link].
(Seepage79forsampleanswers.)

[Link],[Link]
goodgrades.
RegardlessofhowhardIwork,myfatherjustwantsmetogetgoodgrades.______________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],butImsureitwillbeagoodclass.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

65

Grammar:EmbeddedQuestions

Embeddedquestionsarequestionsthatareinsideanothersentenceoranotherquestion.

Herearethreequestions:

WhereisMark?

Whatareyoudoing?
Howmuchdoesthiscarcost?


Whenthesequestionsareinsideanothersentence,youchangethem:

IdontknowwhereMarkis.

Imnotsurewhatyouaredoing.

Nomatterhowmuchthiscarcosts,Iwanttobuyit.

(Becauseyouarenotaskingthequestion,youhavetochangetheorderofthewords.)

Lookatthequestionsbelow,andrewritethemasembeddedquestions.(Seepage79for
sampleanswers.)

[Link]?Idontknow_________________________________________________

[Link]?Idontknow_____________________________________________

[Link]?Idontknow_____________________________________________

[Link]?Iforgot______________________________________________

[Link]?Icantremember______________________________________

[Link]?Imnotsure______________________________________________

[Link]?Idontknow__________________________________________

66

GrammarPractice:EmbeddedQuestions

[Link]
questions,youneedtoputthesubjectbeforetheverb.

Question
EmbeddedQuestion
Whattimedoesthemoviestart?
whattimethemoviestarts
WhenwillJohnbeback?
whenJohnwillbeback.
Howmuchdoesthisbookcost?
howmuchthisbookcosts.
Whereisthistraingoing?
wherethistrainisgoing.
WhoisJennadating?
whoJennaisdating.
Whyisschoolcancelled?
whyschooliscancelled.
WhatdoesMomwantforherbirthday?
whatMomwantsforherbirthday.

Fillintheblankstocompletethefollowingquestionsandanswers.(Seepage79foranswers.)

1.

A.Where_______________________________________________________?

2.

[Link].

[Link]?

3.

B.Idontknow__________________________________________________.

[Link]?

4.

B.Imnotsure__________________________________________________.

A.Whattime____________________________________________________?

[Link].

5.

A.Why________________________________________________________?

6.

[Link].

A:Howmuchdoesanewsportscarcost?

7.

B:__________________________________________________________.

A:Wheredidyourneighbormoveto?

B:__________________________________________________________.

67

Regardlessof/NomatterReview

Theembeddedquestionsinthesesentenceshaveerrors.
Rewritethesentences,andcorrectthemistakes.(Seepage79forsampleanswers.)

[Link],youneedtofinishyourhomework.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],mygrandfatherwantstotryskydiving.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],regardlessofhowmuchdoIsleep.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Iwanttobeafirefighter.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Iamagainstthedeathpenalty.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],youdontseemtounderstand.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link].

___________________________________________________________________________

68

Regardlessof/NomatterReview

[Link]!(Seepage80forsampleanswers.)

[Link],_____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

[Link],______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

6.Mymomtoldmethatregardlessof____________________________________________

_________________________________________,shewillalwaysloveme.

[Link],________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

[Link],_____________________

____________________________________________________________________________

69

UNIT3:Review

Chapter7

ReviewofTransitions

However/Nevertheless/Still/Despitethat/Nonetheless/Evenso

Therefore/Consequently/AsaResult/Thus/Forthisreason
Inaddition/Additionally/Furthermore/Moreover/Plus
/aswell/aswellas/notonlybutalso

Although/Eventhough/Though/Despite/Despitethefactthat
Because/Becauseof/Dueto/Owingto

Regardlessof/Nomatter

70

Transitions:Review

Fillintheblanks,usingeachofthesetransitionwordsonetime.(Seepage80forsampleanswers.)

Forthisreason

Despitethefactthat

Nomatter

Dueto

Consequently

Asaresult

Inspiteof

Regardlessof

Owingto

1._______________________whowinstheelection,thepublicwillbedisappointed.

2._______________________thePresidentpromisednottoraisetaxes,Ithinkthathewill
probablyraisethemthisyear.

3._______________________myinterestinthelaw,Iwanttobealawyer.

[Link]._______________________,therearenowdirectflights
toChina.

[Link]._______________________,itismuchmore
convenienttotravel.

6._______________________whereIam,Itrytoemailmymothereveryday.

7._______________________thepriceofgas,Iwillstilldrivemycartoworkeveryday.

[Link]._______________________,hegotsickanddied.

9._______________________thepoison,hegotsickanddied.

71

Transitions:Review

[Link]!(Seepage80forsample
answers.)

[Link],___________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________________________

Forthisreason,IhavedecidedtoapplytotheScienceDepartmentatHarvardUniversity
forthefall2012term.

[Link],_______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

4.__________________________________________________________________________

despitethefactthatheisshort.

5.__________________________________________________________________________

Hedidntgetintrouble,though.

6.__________________________________________________________________________

Nevertheless,shesgoingtoflytoJapanforabusinesstripnextweek.

[Link],___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

72

Transitions:Review

Ineachsentencebelow,[Link],usingan
appropriatetransitionwordinstead.(Seepage80forsampleanswers.)

[Link],Imverytired.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Ididntwalkmydogthisevening.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],theteacherneverscoldshim.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],manypeoplehavedied.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Idecidedtogototheexpensiveprivateschool.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],heusestheairconditionerallday.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

73

Transitions:Review

Rewritethefollowingsentences,fixingthemistakes.(Seepage80forsampleanswers.)

[Link],Iwantyoutofinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougotobed.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Ididntgototheparkyesterday.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],however,itisdifficulttolearn.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],butImnotreallyinterestedingoingthere.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],soIplantobecomealawyer.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],youneedtoweararaincoat.

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],consequently,hegotfiredtoday.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

[Link],Janewasnottiredinthemorning.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

74

Transitions:Review

Readtheessaybelow,[Link]
sametransitionwordtwice!(Seepage80forsampleanswers.)

PollutionSolution

Formanyyears,humanbeingsandbusinesseshavebeenpollutingtheairandwater

aroundus._______________,theworldhasbecomeaverypollutedplace,andglobal
warmingthreatensourabilitytosurviveonthisplanet._______________,wecanstill
changethisandprotectourfuture._______________wehavealreadypollutedtheearth
toomuch,thereareseveralthingsthatwecandotostopglobalwarming.

First,itisimportanttorecyclethethingsthatweuse._______________recycling

requiresourtimeandenergy,[Link],we
[Link]
ofpollution;_______________,drivingsmaller,moreefficientcarscanhelpreducepollution
[Link],weshouldaskourgovernmentrepresentativestopasslaws
[Link]
takecareoftheenvironment._______________,thebiggestkindofpollutioncanbecalled
industrialpollution.

Pollutioniscausedbybothpeopleandbusinesses._______________,itisimportant

thateveryoneworkstogethertomakeourenvironmentabetter,healthierplace.
_______________globalwarmingisaveryrealanddangerousthreattolifeonthisplanet,
wecanstillsavetheearthandprovideasafeandhappyfutureforourchildrenand
grandchildren.

75

WritingPractice:Problem/SolutionEssay

ThepreviousessayisconsideredaProblem/Solutionessaybecauseitpresentsaproblem,
[Link]:

Introduction:Whatistheproblem?

Body:Whataresomesolutionstothisproblem?(Givedetailsandseveralexamples.)

Conclusion:Wrapupyouressaywriteashortsummaryofwhatyouhavesaid.

Usingthissameformat,writeyourownProblem/Solutionessayonaseparatepieceof
[Link].

Youcanchoosefromthesetopics(orchooseyourowntopic):

Problem:Obesity
Problem:Poverty
Problem:WorldHunger
Problem:War
Problem:Boredom
Problem:TrafficAccidents
Problem:Depression
Problem:LowTestScores
Problem:AddictiontoVideoGames

76

ANSWERKEY
page2
1.I
2.B
3.I
4.I
5.B
6.I
page3
1.M
2.S
3.M
4.M
5.M
6.M
7.S
8.M
9.M
10.S
page8
PARAGRAPH1:MyFavoriteHobby:ReadingBooks

Booksarelikewindowstotheworld,andthatis
[Link]
booksattheageof5,[Link]
mothergavemethebookGreenEggsandHamandhelped
[Link]
grewolder,Idiscoveredfamousauthorsanddifferentkinds
[Link],IreadalloftheHarryPotterbooks,and
[Link]
areverygood,[Link],Ihopetomajorin
literatureandcontinueexploringthewonderfulworldof
books.
PARAGRAPH2:TheMostImportantModernInvention:The
Computer

Thecomputeristhemostimportantmodern
[Link],
studentsoftenwenttothelibrarytodoresearch,butnow,
mostresearchisdoneonacomputerusingtheinternet.
Thereisalibrarynearmyhouse,butIdontgotherevery
[Link],computershavechangedhowpeople
[Link],and
withtheinventionofserviceslikeSkype,telephonesmay
[Link]
[Link],computers
havemadetravellingmucheasier;wecanbuyairplane
ticketsusingacomputer,andGPStechnologymakesit
[Link],theinventionofthe
computerhasgivenusnewpossibilitiesandconveniences
whichnowseemhardtolivewithout.
page12
3.I
4.U
5.U
1.U
2.I
[Link],mygrandfatherwasa
whimsical/unpredictable/unique/oneofakindman.
[Link],mycatisatroublesome/extraordinary
/uncommon/amusing/entertainingpet.
[Link],Frenchisanintriguing/challenging/
enjoyablelanguagetolearn.
page16
1.F
2.F
3.S
4.F
5.S
6.S
7.F
8.F
9.S
10.F
page17
[Link].
[Link],butIdidnt.
[Link],Iatebreakfast.
[Link]
Canyon.
[Link],
wewereverybored.
[Link],soIhadtogoto
thelibrary.
[Link],youmayplayvideo
games.
[Link],Ileaveabigtipforthe
waitress.
page18

[Link],buttheteacherdidntnotice.
[Link]
there.
[Link],soIcanthaveanyfor
dessert.
[Link].
page19
[Link],andhevisitedmanycountries.
[Link],butIdidntgethurt.
[Link],soIwenttoaJapaneserestaurant.
[Link],buttheydidnthaveavery
goodtime.
[Link],andhealsolikestoplay
soccer.
[Link],sohegotintrouble.
page20
[Link],andhehadtopaya
$1,000fine.
Thecriminalstoleamotorcycleandhadtopaya$1,000
fine.
[Link],andshecamebackwithmany
interestinggiftsforus.
AnnatravelledtoSpainandcamebackwithmany
interestinggiftsforus.
[Link],andhehelpsthemruntheir
business.
Mickeyliveswithhisparentsandhelpsthemruntheir
business.
[Link],andhehopestobecomeagym
coach.
Mycousinlovessportsandhopestobecomeagymcoach.
page21
[Link]
Minister.
[Link]
herfreetime.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link]
medicine.
[Link]
finished.
page22
[Link];
animalssuchaskangaroosandkoalabearscanonlybe
foundinAustralia.
[Link];shelikestostay
uplateandwatcholdmovies.
[Link];theyhadnochoicebuttogo
backhomeearly.
[Link];asthey
growolder,Iwillhelpthemruntheirbusiness.
page23
ChangingPriorities

Aspeoplegrowolder,theybegintoseetheworld
[Link],and
theystartpayingmoreattentiontofamilybecausefamilyis
[Link]
spendalloftheirtimeplayingvideogamesandsurfingthe
internet,butIknowthattherearemoreimportantthingsin
[Link],Iwaslikemyfriends,butnowIam

77
differentbecauseIhavelearnedalotfrommygrandparents.
Asmygrandmothergrewold,shewatchedlessTVand
[Link];
[Link],itseemsliketheonly
[Link]
lasttimeIvisitedmygrandparents,wewenttoamovieand
[Link]
[Link]
priorities,andIthinkthiswillmakemylifemuchmore
enjoyable.
page26
HowtoMakeanEggSandwich

Ifyouaresittingathomeandyoucanhearyour
stomachmakingfunnynoises,itsprobablytimetomakea
[Link]
[Link]
[Link],youneedtocracktheeggintoa
bowlorcup,[Link],pourtheegg
intoapan,[Link]
lowheat,butbecarefulnottoburnyourself!Afterthat,put
thebreadintothetoasterwhiletheeggiscooking(about2
or3minutes).Whentheeggstartstogethard,turnoffthe
[Link],puttheeggbetweenthetwopiecesoftoast,
andenjoyyoursimple,healthysnack!
HowtoBecomeaBasketballPlayer!

Basketballisoneofthemostenjoyablesports,and
allyouneedtobecomeabasketballplayerisalittlefree
[Link],the
firstthingyoushoulddoisbuyabasketball!First,gotoa
basketballcourtinyourneighborhood,andpractice
[Link],practiceshootingfreethrows,then
[Link],
findafewfriends,andstartagameofthreeonthree!After
afewgames,youwillnoticethatyouarealreadyapretty
goodbasketballplayer!
page28
[Link],IgotanAin
biologyandchemistry.
[Link]
UniversitybecauseImveryinterestedinstudyingEnglish.
Furthermore,IameagertoliveandstudyintheUK.
[Link].
Additionally,sheislearningFrenchontheweekends.
[Link]!Youalwaysmakefunofyoursisters
weight!Plus,youcallherugly!
[Link].
Twelvepeoplelosttheirlivesaswell.
[Link],
hekeptfallingasleepduringthelecture.
[Link],
theirbodiesandfaceslooksimilartoours,andtheireyes
[Link],theyareabletowalkontwolegs.
Additionally,theytakecareoftheiryoungmuchlikehumans
do.
page29
[Link]
articlesaswellasreadingallofhisbooks.
[Link]
acquiringconsiderableexperienceinextracurricular
activities.
[Link]
costingalotofmoney.
page30
[Link]
peopleshealth.

[Link],spacetravelwillbecomenotonlycheaper
butalsofaster.
[Link]
carefullytothespeaker.
[Link]
shakehishand!
page32
[Link];nevertheless,hecametoschooltoday.
[Link],Iknow
someonewhocan.
[Link];still,hesnotfull.
[Link],Ihaventtakenout
thetrashyet.
[Link],theyfightalmostevery
day.
[Link],hegetssickall
thetime.
[Link];nevertheless,theyfinallycameto
anagreement.
page33
[Link];consequently,you
cantbringaknifeoralighterontheplane.
[Link],anditstoppedworking.
Therefore,Ineedtoeitherbuyanewphoneorborrow
yours.
[Link],
hewasthrownoutofthegame.
[Link],butitrainsalmost
[Link],springismyfavoriteseason.
page34
[Link],sheneeds
topracticemorebeforethenexttournament.
[Link]
[Link],Iamapplyingtostudybusinessat
BU.
[Link];
consequently,hewaskickedofftheteam.
[Link];therefore,he
failed.
[Link],everyonewas
delightedwhenthesunfinallycameout.
[Link],youshouldntopen
anyemailfromme.
[Link],hewill
spendtherestofhislifeinprison.
[Link];therefore,Iamvery
tiredtoday.
page35
1.__C__Myuncleisapilot.Evenso,heissometimesafraid
ofheights.
2.__I__Chrisistheoldestboxerinthecity;nevertheless,he
hasntlostanyfightsthisyear.
3.__I__Jackywascaughtusinghercellphonetocheaton
[Link],cellphonesarenowbannedin
classrooms.
4.__C__Thepoliticianhasliedtothepeoplemanytimes.
Still,manypeoplevoteforhim.
5.__I__Ourteamtrainedmuchharderthantheother
teams;asaresult,wewonthechampionship.
6.__C__Thiscomputeristhemostexpensiveone;however,
Idontthinkitsthebest.
7.__I__Jackdidnthavehealthinsurance;consequently,he
couldntgettreatmentwhenhegotsick.
8.__I__Rosesaidthatshedoesntlikecoldweather;
nonetheless,shedecidedtomovetoCanada.

78
page36
AnInfluentialPersoninMyLife:MyOlderBrotherMichael

Manypeoplehaveinfluencedmeandtaughtme
thingsinmylife,butmyolderbrotherMichaelhas
[Link],Ihavelooked
[Link],soIplayed
basketball,[Link],Michaelhasalwaysgivenme
goodadviceabouthowtogetgoodgradesandstayoutof
[Link],Michaelhelpedmehavethe
[Link],MichaelandIwill
getintoarguments;however,wequicklymakeup,andthe
[Link]
[Link],Iamgladtohavesuchasupportive
andwiseolderbrother
page37
MyBestFriend:MySisterBeth

MysisterBethhasalwaysbeenmybestfriend.
EversinceIwaslittle,wehaveenjoyedplayingtogetherand
[Link]
[Link],weliketoplayoutside,forexample,
ridingourbikestotheparkorplayinghideandseekinthe
[Link],ourrelationshipisnt
[Link]
[Link],wecantstaymadat
eachother,[Link]
[Link],Ialwaystry
toforgiveherifshedoessomethingwrongormakesa
[Link],Ialwaystrytohelpherwhenshe
needshelp,becauseIknowshewoulddothesamethingfor
[Link],mysisterisaveryspecialpersoninmy
life,andImsurewewillbebestfriendsforever.
page38
IfIWontheLottery

IfIwononemilliondollarsinthelottery,itwould
[Link]
helpothers,bydonatingtocharity,[Link]/
Moreover,Iwouldalsowanttousesomeofthemoneyto
[Link],Iwouldprobably
decidetogive30%tocharityandspend20%onmyself.I
wouldbuyanewcomputerandalargecollectionofvideo
[Link],Iwouldgetanewbicycleandanmp3player
withalotofmemory.

AfterIspent30%oncharityand20%onmyself,I
wouldstillhave50%ofonemilliondollars,whichis
$500,[Link]!Therefore,Iwould
probablysavemostofthistohelppayforcollege.
Nonetheless,[Link]
somemoneytomyparentsandfriends,becauseitwould
[Link]
dollarsisalotofmoney;however,asyoucansee,Iwould
havenoproblemusingitall!
page42
[Link]
thattheyexist.
[Link],Istillkeepintouchwith
myfriendsinKorea.
[Link],heisstillworkingveryhard.
[Link],itwasclosedwhenI
gotthere.
page43
[Link],shestilllikesto
playbasketball.
Mygrandmotherlikestoplaybasketballeventhoughshe
isveryold.

[Link],hestillgoesto
workeveryday.
[Link]
thelottery.
[Link],Ifailedit.
IfailedthetesteventhoughIstudiedveryhardforit.
[Link],
shestilleatssteaksometimes.
Marthastilleatssteaksometimeseventhoughherdoctor
toldhernottoeatredmeat.
page44
[Link],heisnotanarrogantperson.
[Link],thoughheisveryrich.
[Link],though.
[Link],sheisnotsad.
[Link],thoughsheiscrying.
[Link],though.(Youcouldalso
say:[Link],though.)
page45
LuckyBrian

EveryonecallsmyfriendBrianLuckyBrian
[Link]
example,eventhoughherarelystudies,healwaysgetsgood
[Link]
late,[Link]
hisdriverslicense,hepassedthetesteventhoughhedidnt
[Link],heoftengoes
[Link]
trouble,[Link],wewerewalkingdownthe
streetandhefound$[Link]
aboutkeepingit,hefinallydecidedtoturnitintothepolice.
[Link]
person,heisstillniceandhonest.
page47
[Link],Marktriedtowalktoschool.
[Link],Marydecidedtogorunning.
[Link],Jackwalkedtoschool.
[Link].
[Link].
page49
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link],wehadtogotoschool
yesterday.
[Link].
[Link],Jeffisabletoplaybaseball
aswellaseveryoneelse.
page50
[Link],shestilllikesto
climbmountains.
Despiteherage,mygrandmotherstilllikestoclimb
mountains.
[Link],Iamgoingtostayuplateanddo
myhomework.
Despitebeingtired,Iamgoingtostayuplateanddomy
homework.
[Link],Iwant
totravelthere.
Despitetheviolenceinthatcountry,Iwanttotravelthere.
[Link],Janedriveshercar
toworkeveryday.
Despitethehighgasprices,Janedriveshercartowork
everyday.

79
page51
[Link],Markwentrunningatnoon.
[Link],Idontwanttoplayoutside.
[Link],IthinkIshouldgotoschool
today.
[Link],ItookitwhenI
wasinhighschool.
[Link],mygrandmothergoesrunningeveryday.
[Link]
homework,Mandysgradeswerenotverygoodthis
semester.
[Link].
page52
[Link],shedidnt
quitherjob.
[Link],Davejustbought
anewcar.
[Link]
school,Ijustsawhimplayingbasketball.
[Link],everyone
knowsthatheisbald.
page54
[Link],Markcannotcompeteintherace
tomorrow.
[Link],Jacobhastostayafter
school.
[Link],Ialwayslistentowhat
hehastosay.
[Link],manypeoplecannotfind
jobs.
page55
[Link].
Chrisgotintroublebecauseofhisbadtemper.
[Link]
weather.
Manypeoplehavediedthissummerbecauseitissohot.
[Link],Iwantto
gotoMIT.
Becauseofmyinterestinengineering,IwanttogotoMIT.
[Link].
Thisroadisclosedbecauseofthefloodyesterday.
page56
[Link]
factthatresidentscomplained.
[Link].
[Link]
wasexhausted.
[Link]
ticketshaveincreased.
[Link],the
companydecidedtohireher.
page57
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
page58
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
page59
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
page60

[Link]
[Link]

[Link]
[Link]

EffectsofTelevision

Althoughwatchingtelevisionisagreatwayto
relax,manystudentswatchtoomuchtelevision,andthis
[Link],the
[Link]
[Link]
fromtheTV,studentsmayfindithardertoreadbooksor
[Link],thequickcamerashotsonmany
televisionshowsmakeitharderforchildrentopayattention
[Link],televisionmay
negativelyaffectstudentsinmanyways.

Despitethesenegativeeffectsoftelevision,there
[Link]
spendtimetogetherwatchingtelevisionshows,andthiscan
oftenleadtointerestingconversationsanddiscussions.
Moreover,afteralongdayatwork,itcanbenicetosit
[Link],TVnewsshows
anddocumentariescanbeinformativeandcanteach
televisionviewersnewthingsabouttheworld.

Inshort,televisioncanbeeithergoodorbadifitis
[Link]
watchingTV,butitissometimesfinetowatchamovieorTV
[Link],adultsshouldsetagoodexampleforchildren
andoccasionallyturnofftheTVandreadabookorexercise
outside.
page63
[Link]
theprice.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link]
religion.
[Link]
dreamofstudyingart.
page64
[Link],itisstillimportantto
exercise.
[Link],Imsureitwillbeagood
class.
[Link],regardlessofhowlateitis.
page65
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
page66
[Link]?
[Link].
[Link].
[Link]?
[Link]?
[Link].
[Link].
page67
[Link],youneedtofinishyour
homework.
[Link],mygrandfatherwantstotry
skydiving.

80
[Link],regardlessofhowmuchIsleep.
[Link],Iwanttobeafirefighter.
[Link],Iamagainstthe
deathpenalty.
[Link],youdontseemto
understand.
[Link],Inevermanagetopassthetest.
page68
[Link],youwillneverbea
betterbasketballplayerthanMichaelJordan.
[Link],youaregoingtobelate
towork.
[Link],Ithinktheeconomy
willimprovenextyear.
[Link],Ialwaysfeeltiredin
themorning.
[Link],mychildrencomplain
thattheydontlikeit.
[Link],
shewillalwaysloveme.
[Link],youneedtocutthegrass
today.
[Link]
homelate,healwaysgetshomelateontheweekends.
page70
[Link](Regardlessof)
[Link]
[Link](Owingto)
[Link](Asaresult/Forthisreason)
[Link](Asaresult/Forthisreason)
[Link](Regardlessof)
[Link](Regardlessof)
[Link](Asaresult/Forthisreason)
[Link](Owingto)
page71
[Link],Idoubttheeconomy
willimprovenextyear.
[Link],andIhaveearned
[Link],Ihave
decidedtoapplytotheScienceDepartmentatHarvard
Universityforthefall2012term.
[Link],WillyandhisDadwent
fishingthismorning.
[Link],
despitethefactthatheisshort.
[Link]
trouble,though.
[Link],andshedoesntlikeairplanes.
Nevertheless,shesgoingtoflytoJapanforabusinesstrip
nextweek.
[Link],youneverseemto
listentome.
[Link],Sarahdoesnoteatpork.
page72
[Link],Imverytired.
[Link],Ididntwalkmydogthis
evening.
[Link],theteachernever
scoldshim.
[Link],many
peoplehavedied.
[Link],Idecidedtogotothe
expensiveprivateschool.
[Link].
However,heusestheairconditionerallday.

page73
[Link],Iwantyoutofinishyour
homeworkbeforeyougotobed.
[Link],Ididntgototheparkyesterday.
[Link];however,itisdifficultto
learn.
[Link],Imnotreally
interestedingoingthere.
[Link],Iplantobecomealawyer.
[Link],youneedtoweara
raincoat.
[Link];consequently,hegot
firedtoday.
[Link],Janewasnottiredinthe
morning.
page74
PollutionSolution

Formanyyears,humanbeingsandbusinesses
[Link],
theworldhasbecomeaverypollutedplace,andglobal
warmingthreatensourabilitytosurviveonthisplanet.
However,wecanstillchangethisandprotectourfuture.
Althoughwehavealreadypollutedtheearthtoomuch,
thereareseveralthingsthatwecandotostopglobal
warming.

First,itisimportanttorecyclethethingsthatwe
[Link],itis
[Link],we
[Link]
largercarsandtruckscausealotofpollution;thus,driving
smaller,moreefficientcarscanhelpreducepollutionand
[Link],weshouldaskourgovernment
representativestopasslawsthatforcebusinessestostop
[Link]
[Link],thebiggestkindof
pollutioncanbecalledindustrialpollution.

Pollutioniscausedbybothpeopleandbusinesses.
Forthisreason,itisimportantthateveryoneworkstogether
tomakeourenvironmentabetter,[Link]
thefactthatglobalwarmingisaveryrealanddangerous
threattolifeonthisplanet,wecanstillsavetheearthand
provideasafeandhappyfutureforourchildrenand
grandchildren.

 
WRITE RIGHT: TRANSITIONS – Table of Contents 
 
UNIT 1: FORMAL WRITING 
page 1
 
Chapter 1: Writing a Formal Paragraph: The B
WRITE RIGHT: TRANSITIONS ‐ Introduction 
 
Write Right: Transitions is a multi‐skills writing book designed for intermediate 
1 
 
UNIT 1: Formal Writing 
Chapter 1 
Writing a Formal Paragraph: The 
Basics 
 
 
 
 
•Topic Sentences 
• Body 
• Conclusi
2 
 
Introduction to Topic Sentences 
When you write a formal essay in English, you need to follow some rules. This unit will
3 
 
Topic Sentences: Analogies (Similes and Metaphors) 
 
 
 
When you write a topic sentence, you can often use analogies t
4 
 
Topic Sentences: Analogies (Similes and Metaphors) 
 
 
When you write a simile or metaphor, try to think of a different
5 
 
Topic Sentences: Practice 
 
 
Read the paragraphs below. They are missing a topic sentence. Write a topic sentence that
6 
 
Topic Sentences: Practice 
 
 
Read the following essay assignments. Write a topic sentence for each assignment. 
 
Reme
7 
 
Introduction to the Body of a Paragraph 
 
After you write a topic sentence, you need to give information about the subj

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