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Understanding Variations in Physics

This document discusses four types of variation between dependent and independent variables: direct variation, direct square variation, direct square root variation, and inverse variation. Each type of variation follows a specific mathematical equation and has a distinct graphical relationship. Examples are provided for each type of variation to demonstrate how to determine the constant of variation and calculate unknown variable values.

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Jaica Mangurali Tumulak
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14 views15 pages

Understanding Variations in Physics

This document discusses four types of variation between dependent and independent variables: direct variation, direct square variation, direct square root variation, and inverse variation. Each type of variation follows a specific mathematical equation and has a distinct graphical relationship. Examples are provided for each type of variation to demonstrate how to determine the constant of variation and calculate unknown variable values.

Uploaded by

Jaica Mangurali Tumulak
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Variation

Physics 201 Laboratory


Experiment 0

Variation
O The study of behavior of a dependent

variable when an independent


variable varies or change
O 4 types to be discussed in this lecture
O Direct Variation
O Direct Square Variation
O Direct Square Root Variation
O Inverse Variation

Direct Variation
O A dependent variable (y) varies

directly to an independent variable (x)


if the graph of [ y vs x ] is a line
O If the two variables are a direct
variation, then we can say that they
are directly proportional
O and they follow the equation
=

X (s)

O The graph is a

y (m)

15

20

12

25

15

30

18

35

21

40

24

45

27

line therefore
the variables
have a direct
variation

O To get the slope of the line (m).

O =
O =
O =
O =

2 1
2 1
1812
3020
6
= 0.6/
10

Example
O Y varies directly with X.
O Y = 100 when x =5.
O Find k. Then find x when y = 150

Direct Square Variation


O If (y) varies directly to the square of an

independent variable (x), then they have a


direct square variation
O the graph of [ y vs x ] is a parabola that
opens upward
O If the two variables are a direct square
variation, then we can say that they are
direct square proportional
O and they follow the equation
= 2

0.1

0.4

0.9

1.6

2.5

3.6

4.9

O The graph is a

parabola facing
upwards therefore
the variables have a
direct square
variation

O To get the constant k

O = 2
O =

O =

2.5
52
4.9
72

2.5
25
4.9
49

= 0.1

= 0.1

Examples
O Given that y varies directly with x, and y = 28 when

x=7, Find x when y = 52.


O Given that y varies directly with x, and y = 3 when

x=9, Find y when x = 40.5


O If p varies directly as the square of q, and p = 20 when

q = 5, find p when q = 8.
O The cost of a pizza varies directly as the square of its

radius. If a pizza with a 6 inch radius costs P 400.00,


how much should a pizza with an 10 inch radius
cost?

Direct Square Root Variation


O If (y) varies directly to the squareroot of an

independent variable (x), then they have a


direct square root variation
O the graph of [ y vs x ] is a parabola that
opens to the right
O If the two variables are a direct square root
variation, then we can say that they are
direct square root proportional
O and they follow the equation
=

O The graph is a

0.2

0.4474

0.4

0.6326

1.4144

1.7321

2.4495

parabola facing to
the right therefore
the variables have a
direct square root
variation

O To get the constant k

O =
O =

O =

1
1

2
4

1
1

= =1
2
2

= =1

Examples
O If c varies directly as the square root of d, and c = 6

when d = 256, find c when d = 625.


O If c varies directly as the square root of d, and c = 14

when d = 64, find c when d = 324.

Inverse Variation
O If (y) varies inversely to an independent
O
O
O
O

variable (x),
Where one variable goes up, while the other
goes down
then they have an inverse variation
the graph of [ y vs x ] is a hyperbola
and they follow the equation

= =

PV

50

50

1.5 33.33

50

25

50

2.5

20

50

3.5 14.29

50

4.5 11.11

50

10

50

O To get the constant k

O = /

O = =
O = 50

O The graph is a

hyperbola therefore
the variables have
an inverse variation

Example
Y varies inversely with X.
Y = 30 when x =4.
Find k. Then find x when y = 150

Examples
O

If x varies inverse as y, and x = 7 when y = 3, find


y when x = 9.

O If y varies inversely as x, and y = 32 when x = 3,

find x when y = 15.


O The current in a simple electrical circuit is

inversely proportional to the resistance. If the


current is 80 amps when the resistance is 50
ohms, find the current when the resistance is 22
ohms.

Common questions

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To identify direct variation in a dataset, observe if the ratio y/x is constant across all data points. Consider y (m) = [9, 12, 15, 18] and x (s) = [15, 20, 25, 30]; compute y/x: 9/15 = 0.6, 12/20 = 0.6, 15/25 = 0.6, and 18/30 = 0.6, indicating direct variation as the constant ratio k is 0.6 .

In a direct variation, a dependent variable (y) varies directly to an independent variable (x) if the graph of y vs x is a straight line. This relationship indicates that the variables are directly proportional, following the equation y = kx, where k is the constant of variation .

To determine the constant of variation in inverse variation, you multiply the corresponding values of y and x from a data point, as k = yx. For instance, if x = 3 and y = 32, then k = 32 * 3 = 96 .

In direct square variation, the dependent variable (y) varies directly with the square of an independent variable (x). The equation for this relationship is y = kx², where k is the constant. The graph of y vs x is a parabola that opens upwards, which contrasts with the straight line representation of direct variation .

In inverse variation, increasing the value of x results in a decrease in the value of y, since y = k/x. This inversely proportional relationship means that as one variable increases, the other decreases while maintaining the constant k .

To calculate the constant of variation in a direct square relationship, you use the formula k = y/x². For example, if y = 2.5 when x = 5, then k = 2.5/25 = 0.1 .

Direct square root variation follows the equation y = k√x, where the graph of y vs x is a parabola opening to the right, reflecting a proportionality to the square root of x . Inverse variation, on the other hand, is characterized by the equation y = k/x, and its graph is a hyperbola, signifying an inverse relationship where one variable increases as the other decreases .

In real-world applications, direct square root variation can model the relationship between the speed of sound (v) and temperature (T) of the air. The speed v is proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature, described by the equation v = k√T, where k is a constant that incorporates physical parameters such as air composition and pressure .

To find an unknown variable in direct square root variation, use the formula y = k√x. First, determine the constant k using a known data point, then solve for the unknown by substituting in the given values. For example, if c = 6 when d = 256, k = 6/√256 = 6/16 = 0.375; then for d = 625, c = 0.375√625 = 7.5 .

This describes inverse variation, where y = k/x. To solve, first determine the constant k from known values, then use this k to find the unknown variable. For example, if y = 30 and x = 4, k = 30 * 4 = 120. If y changes to 150, find x as k = yx, hence x = k/y = 120/150 = 0.8 .

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