26/1/2012
Microelectronics
Circuit Analysis and Design
Donald A. Neamen
Chapter 5
The Bipolar Junction Transistor
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-1
In this chapter, we will:
Discuss the physical structure and operation of
the bipolar junction transistor.
Understand the dc analysis and design
techniques of bipolar transistor circuits.
Examine three basic applications of bipolar
transistor circuits.
Investigate various dc biasing schemes of bipolar
transistor circuits, including integrated circuit
biasing.
Consider the dc biasing of multistage or multitransistor circuits.
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-2
26/1/2012
Cross Section of Integrated Circuit
npn Transistor
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-3
Modes of Operation
Forward-Active
B-E junction is forward biased
B-C junction is reverse biased
Saturation
B-E and B-C junctions are forward biased
Cut-Off
B-E and B-C junctions are reverse biased
Inverse-Active (or Reverse-Active)
B-E junction is reverse biased
B-C junction is forward biased
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-4
26/1/2012
npn BJT in Forward-Active
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-5
Electrons and Holes in npn BJT
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-6
26/1/2012
Electrons and Holes in pnp BJT
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-7
Circuit Symbols and
Current Conventions
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-8
26/1/2012
Current Relationships
iE iC iB
iC iB
iE (1 iB )
iC iE
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-9
Common-Emitter Configurations
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-10
26/1/2012
Common-Base Configuration
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-11
Current-Voltage Characteristics of a
Common-Base Circuit
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-12
26/1/2012
Current-Voltage Characteristics of a
Common-Emitter Circuit
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-13
Early Voltage/Finite Output
Resistance
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-14
26/1/2012
Effects of Leakage Currents
on I-V Characteristics
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-15
Effect of Collector-Base Breakdown
on Common Base I-V Characteristics
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-16
26/1/2012
Effect of Collector-Base Breakdown on
Common Emitter I-V Characteristics
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-17
DC Equivalent Circuit for
npn Common Emitter
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-18
26/1/2012
DC Equivalent Circuit for
pnp Common Emitter
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-19
Load Line
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-20
10
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Problem-Solving Technique:
Bipolar DC Analysis
1. Assume that the transistor is biased in
forward active mode
a. VBE = VBE(on), IB > 0, & IC = IB
2. Analyze linear circuit.
3. Evaluate the resulting state of transistor.
a. If VCE > VCE(sat), assumption is correct
b. If IB < 0, transistor likely in cutoff
c. If VCE < 0, transistor likely in saturation
4. If initial assumption is incorrect, make new
assumption and return to Step 2.
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-21
Voltage Transfer Characteristic for
npn Circuit
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-22
11
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Voltage Transfer Characteristic for
pnp Circuit
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-23
Digital Logic
Inverter
Neamen
NOR gate
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-24
12
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Bipolar Inverter as Amplifier
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-25
Effect of Improper Biasing on
Amplified Signal Waveform
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-26
13
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Single Base Resistor Biasing
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-27
Common Emitter with Voltage
Divider Biasing and Emitter Resistor
VTH [ R2 /( R1 R2 )VCC
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-28
14
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Integrated
Circuit
Biasing
IC IQ
Neamen
I1
1
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-29
Multistage Cascade Transistor Circuit
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-30
15
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Multistage Cascode
Transistor Circuit
Neamen
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill
Chapter 5-31
16
