Discussion Topics
Skills Topics
Course Basics
Nature of Technology & Work
Information Systems
People/The Organization
Data/Data Bases
Information
Telecommunication Networks and
The Internet
Windows Desktop & File Management
Word Processing
Data Base
Presentation Graphics
Spreadsheet
Desktop Publishing
Internet Search
E -Mail
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Organizational Trends
Technology Infusion
Virtual Environment
Management Issues
Reengineering
Total Quality Management
Health Issues
Follow up
Technologys Impact
. . . equipment and/or technique for
performing a particular activity. . .
Changed what we do
when its done
where its done
how its done
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Information Systems
Components of Information Systems
. . . equipment and/or techniques that
accomplishes a task. . .
Hardware, software, and
communications tools that;
manage data,
create useful information and
communicate it.
Hardware
D
A
T
A
Information
Systems
Software
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Communications
People/
Users
I
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
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Why Information Systems?
Doing Things Efficiently & Effectively
Doing Things Smarter
Supporting Organizational Strategy
Advantage over Competition
Information Systems
Why Technology-based Information
Systems?
To provide users with appropriate
information that aids in making timely
decisions or taking actions
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Strategy
Competitive Advantage
Johnson and Scholes (Exploring Corporate Strategy)
define strategy as follows:
Being the Leader by:
"Strategy is the direction and scope of
an organization over the long-term:
which achieves an advantage for the
organization through its configuration of
resources within a challenging
environment, to meet the needs of
markets and to fulfill stakeholder
expectations".
[Link]
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Establishing A Strategy
Use Technology;
Deploying technologies thats:
Faster, Cheaper & Better than competitors
Innovate with technology
Raise Barriers
Establishing Alliances
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Types Of Information Systems
Competitive Strategies
Types of Strategies:
Low-Cost Leader
Best prices on goods/services
Examples: Frys, BigLots, Tuesday Morning
Differentiation
Decision
Support
Systems
(1970)
Office
information
Systems
(1980)
Selective products or services
Examples: SuperCuts, American Tire Co
Management
Information
Systems
(1960)
Knowledge-Base
(expert)
Systems
(1980s)
Transaction Processing
Systems
(1950s)
Value Provider (middle-of-the-road)
Reasonable quality, competitive prices
Example: Marie Calendar, I-Hop, Kohls
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Computer-Assisted
Systems
(1980s)
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IS Reports
IS Reports
Detailed
Custom
Summarized
Audit &
Predictive
Periodic
Demand
Exception
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Information Systems People
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Users Need
Access to Transaction Data
Summarized and/or pre defined
Knowledge Workers
Static information online or printed
Managers
The ability to refresh reports
Clients
Vendors
And Others
Users
Systems Professionals
Other Professionals
To enter parameters to achieve highlevel research and analysis
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User Need cont.
Ability to develop their own ad hoc
queries and OLAP analysis
Full privileges to explore and analyze
data
Ability to develop and manage BI
applications
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People Competency
Technology
Business
hardware, software, networking
Products and services, management,
social, communications
Systems
Process Integration, critical thinking,
problem solving, development methods
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Organization Structure
Organization Pillars
Strategic
Purpose
Tactical
Mission
Operational
Vision
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Data, Information & Knowledge
Data/Information/Knowledge Cycle
Data
Information
The raw facts; word(s), values,
actions, symbols, etc.
Logical output of a Transaction
Processing System where Data is
collected, organized and reported
Knowledge
The understanding of information - To
Enable
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Data Elements & Processes
Knowledge
Components Defines data
Data Flows
The movement or flow of data through
the system
Knowledge - the application of reasoned
analysis of information, and
Information does not produce
knowledge
Processing Logic
Steps and rules used to transform data
into information
Knowledge implies synthesis of
information
Therefore, useful knowledge must be;
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Complete
Accurate
Relevant and
Timely
Information
Information Classes
What is Information?
Class 1 Derived from quantifiable facts
. . . The logical result of processing,
manipulating and organizing data in a
way that adds to the knowledge of the
receiver. . . .
Events and Transactions
Demographics
Product Reliability Statistics
Class 2 - From not quantifiable facts
Descriptions; person or object
How things are done
Observations
112
Users Responses to Information
Interpret
Understand
Correlate
Extrapolate
Decide
Take Action
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Information Impact
Enables;
Problem Detection
Decision Making
Productivity Enhancements &
Knowledge Work
114
Communications Development
Establish the purpose and audience
Establish the major points
115
Data Types
Research and gather facts into a draft
document (Skeletonize)
Consider an appropriate method &
media
Revise, Edit & Proof
Insure Readability & Understandability
Quantitative Numerical values
250
Counts
Measures
Constants & Variables
Qualitative Word or phase descriptions
Visual Characteristic of Data
Data vs. Information
Data
Deposits, withdrawals, interest, and service
charges for a certain month, plus the forwarding
balance from the previous month
Moving images, dialog, music, and commentary
Titles, subtitles, words, paragraphs, quotations,
and pictures
Names, email address, SID, phone number,
department, course, course-id, course-name
section, quarter, year, days
Loud obnoxious noises, a black and white vehicle
behind your vehicle, a uniform person driving,
blue lights flashing, PULL OVER on the speaker.
Information Purpose
Information
Information
Bank Statement
Bank Statement
Television News
Report
Newspaper
Report
Class Roster
A police vehicle
directing you to
pull over
Student Traits
Exceptional
Acceptable
Needs Work
Unacceptable
Purpose
Reports how much money you had in your
account at the beginning of the month, the
amounts that you deposited or withdrew during
the month, bank charges, and how much you
have now.
Television News
Communicates (or tries to communicate) the
Report
what, when, how and (perhaps why of an event
to the audience.
Newspaper Report To inform the public
Class Roster
Provides the professor with name and contact
information for class members
Year-End Report
Attempts to tell an audience how well the
organization did in the previous year, why, and
what to expect in the future.