CHARACTERISTICS OR PROPERTIES MARKING SCHEME
FOR MODIFICATIONS DAN MAKING DICISIONS QUESTIONS
Chapter 1/2/3 (FORCES AND MOTION/PRESSURE)
NO
ASPECT/CHARACTERISTIC/MODIFICAT
1.
ION
The small reading of scale 0.01 cm
More sensitive / accurate / suitable to
Front and rear crumple zones
measure a small length
To increase time of impact // To reduce
Air bags
impulsive force.
Will inflate during collision/to prevent
2.
3.
REASON/EXPLANATION
driver and passenger colliding with
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Dashboard - made of soft material
steering wheel and dashboard.
To lengthen the time of impact so as to
Seat belt
reduce impulsive force.
To prevent passengers thrown forward
Headrest
due to it inertia
To prevent head thrown back due to its
Thicker wall at the base
Inertia
To withstand greater pressure at the bot
The wall is constructed using stronger
tom as the pressure increases with depth
To avoid the wall from breaking // To
materials //Using reinforce concrete
increase the strength of the wall // To
Equipped with the water overflow system
avoid leaking
To avoid flooding //To channel away the
The mass must be high
The types of engine is diesel
The diameter of the tyre must be bigger
Streamline
Low Density
Specific heat capacity high
High strength
Material made from glass
Small diameter of capillary tube
over flow water
So that the vehicles becomes more stable
So the cost is low
So the pressure is low // more stable
Reduce the resistance of
Higher buoyant force
Absorbs heat slowly
Difficult to damage
Glass does not corrode with acid
To increase the sensitivity of the
High density of shots/added more
Hydrometer
Makes the hydrometer stays upright //
Big diameter of bottom bulb
Aerodynamics //Cone shape at top
Small mass
Lower centre of gravity
To obtain a bigger up thrust/stability
Reducing of air friction
Higher rate of acceleration//Easy to
carry
23.
Less than half of the bottle filled with
Enough space for increasing air
water(water rocket)
pressure // Big buoyant force
3 or 4 wings
Angle of projection = 45 degree
Low density of an object
Higher density
High engine power
The stability of the rocket
Increase the flight distance
So that it is lighter // Accelerate faster
Bigger inertia/stability
To produce high acceleration //
High spring constant //Stiffer spring
High resultant force
So that the spring is stiffer //
Wide tyre //Smooth tyre
Use a spring with a bigger diameter
The spring is made from steel a larger k
Motorcycle bounce less // Less vibration
To increase stability // To reduce friction
So that k is bigger
The type of material influences
(spring constant)
k produces a bigger elastic PE. Elastic PE
Spring is greatly compressed
Slope of inclined plane is 45 degrees
The melting point should be high
The material must be very strong
happed with a curved surface at the top
changes to KE.
So that elastic Potential Energy is bigger
So that distance is maximum
To be able to withstand high temperature
To be able to withstand very strong force
To achieve an upward lifting force when
and a flat surface at the
moving at high speed
38.
39.
bottom(aerodynamic)
Run with higher speed
Bend pole greater //Jump when the pole is
To increase kinetic energy
Increase elastic potential energy
40.
maximum bend
Elastic pole // strong material // low
So that the pole can return to its original
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42.
density
Wear fit attire
Use mattress/soft material
shape // So that it will not break // light
Reduce air resistance
Increase time of collision // reduce impuls
Made of concrete
ive force // increase landing time
Stronger // Not easy to break// metal
Thicker wall at the bottom
can rust easily
Able to withstand the higher pressure at
Height from ground is high (dam)
the bottom
To produce a greater difference in pressu
Wide base cross section area
re
So that ship can float // prevent from
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over turn // ship more stable // ship not
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48.
High volume of air space in the ship
sink deeper
Produce bigger buoyant force //
Spring arrange in parallel
ship can float
The spring system is stiffer/less extensio
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Spring with thicker wire
Spring with smaller diameter of coil
n/less elastic
The spring is stiffer/wire not easily break
Increase the stiffness of the spring//can
Rope with small diameter (parachute)
Long stem(for hydrometer)
Stem with smaller diameter
Low rate of rusting
Semi-circular curve shaped(for slope)
Smooth surface
Synthetic material
with stand higher force
Occupy less space/less mass
Cover a wider range of densities
Sink more and increase the sensitivity
To ensure that material last longer
Exchange between KE and GPE easily
Easily to move/reduce frictional force
Light weight/air-proof material