IT
Project
Management
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Objec&ve
! Dene
System
view
of
Project
Management
IT
Projects
! Understand
Organization,
the
culture
and
structures.
! Identify
Project
Cycle
&
phases
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Project
as
a
Whole
! Projects
operate
in
broad
organization
! Projects
must
be
viewed
as
a
whole
in
the
context
of
an
organization
Project
managers
must
use
system
thinking
! Projects
must
run
to
ensure
it
support
business
needs
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
A
Systems
View
of
Project
Management
!
!
System
Approach
more
analytical
approach
to
problem
solving
Divided
into
3
parts:
!
!
!
Systems
philosophy:
an
overall
model
for
thinking
about
things
as
systems
Systems
analysis:
problem-solving
approach
Systems
management:
address
business,
technological,
and
organizational
issues
before
making
changes
to
systems
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
3
Sphere
Model
for
System
Management
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Organiza&on
! Divided
into
FOUR
frames
Structural Frame
Human Resource
Frame
Political Frame
Symbolic Frame
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
What
are
each
frames
?
! Structural
frame:
Focuses
on
roles
and
responsibilities,
coordination
and
control.
Organization
charts
help
dene
this
frame.
! Human
resources
frame:
Focuses
on
providing
harmony
between
needs
of
the
organization
and
needs
of
people.
! Political
frame:
Assumes
organizations
are
coalitions
composed
of
varied
individuals
and
interest
groups.
Conict
and
power
are
key
issues.
! Symbolic
frame:
Focuses
on
symbols
and
meanings
related
to
events.
Culture
is
important.
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Organiza&onal
Structures
!Three
basic
organization
structures
! Functional:
functional
managers
report
to
the
CEO
! Project:
program
managers
report
to
the
CEO
! Matrix:
middle
ground
between
functional
and
project
structures;
personnel
often
report
to
two
or
more
bosses;
structure
can
be
weak,
balanced,
or
strong
matrix
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Compare
each
structure
Spot the
difference ?
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
The
Structures
and
how
it
Inuences
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Organiza&onal
Culture
!Is
a
set
of
shared
assumptions,
values,
and
behaviors
that
characterize
the
functioning
of
an
organization
!Many
experts
believe
the
underlying
causes
of
many
companies
problems
are
not
the
structure
or
sta,
but
the
culture
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Manage
Stakeholders
!Project
managers
must
identify,
understand,
and
manage
relationships
with
all
project
stakeholders
!Using
the
four
frames
of
organizations
can
help
meet
stakeholder
needs
and
expectations
!Senior
executives/top
management
are
very
important
stakeholders
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Organiza&onal
Commitment
to
IT
!Negative
attitude
towards
IT,
diculties
for
an
IT
project
to
succeed
!Having
a
Chief
Information
Ocer
(CIO)
at
a
high
level
in
the
organization
helps
IT
projects
!Assigning
non-IT
people
to
IT
projects
also
encourages
more
commitment
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Organiza&onal
Standards
!Standards
and
guidelines
help
project
managers
be
more
eective
!Senior
management
can
encourage:
! The
use
of
standard
forms
and
software
for
project
management
! The
development
and
use
of
guidelines
for
writing
project
plans
or
providing
status
information
! The
creation
of
a
project
management
oce
or
center
of
excellence
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Project
Life
Cycle
!A
project
life
cycle
is
a
collection
of
project
phases
that
denes:
! What
work
will
be
performed
in
each
phase
! What
deliverables
will
be
produced
and
when
! Who
is
involved
in
each
phase
! How
management
will
control
and
approve
work
produced
in
each
phase
!A
deliverable
is
a
product
or
service
produced
or
provided
as
part
of
a
project
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Phases
of
the
Tradi&onal
Project
Life
Cycle
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Project
Phases
! In
early
phases
of
a
project
life
cycle:
! Resource
needs
are
usually
lowest
! The
level
of
uncertainty
(risk)
is
highest
! Project
stakeholders
have
the
greatest
opportunity
to
inuence
the
project
! In
middle
phases
of
a
project
life
cycle:
! The
certainty
of
completing
a
project
improves
! More
resources
are
needed
! The
nal
phase
of
a
project
life
cycle
focuses
on:
! Ensuring
that
project
requirements
were
met
! The
sponsor
approves
completion
of
the
project
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Product
Life
Cycles
! Products
also
have
life
cycles
! The
Systems
Development
Life
Cycle
(SDLC)
is
a
framework
for
describing
the
phases
involved
in
developing
and
maintaining
information
systems
! Systems
development
projects
can
follow:
! Predictive
life
cycle:
the
scope
of
the
project
can
be
clearly
articulated
and
the
schedule
and
cost
can
be
predicted
! Adaptive
Software
Development
(ASD)
life
cycle:
requirements
cannot
be
clearly
expressed,
projects
are
mission
driven
and
component
based,
using
time-based
cycles
to
meet
target
dates
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Predic&ve
Life
Cycle
Models
! Waterfall
model:
has
well-dened,
linear
stages
of
systems
development
and
support
! Spiral
model:
shows
that
software
is
developed
using
an
iterative
or
spiral
approach
rather
than
a
linear
approach
! Incremental
build
model:
provides
for
progressive
development
of
operational
software
! Prototyping
model:
used
for
developing
prototypes
to
clarify
user
requirements
! Rapid
Application
Development
(RAD)
model:
used
to
produce
systems
quickly
without
sacricing
quality
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
The
Context
of
IT
Projects
!IT
projects
can
be
very
diverse
in
terms
of
size,
complexity,
products
produced,
application
area,
and
resource
requirements
!IT
project
team
members
often
have
diverse
backgrounds
and
skill
sets
!IT
projects
use
diverse
technologies
that
change
rapidly;
even
within
one
technology
area,
people
must
be
highly
specialized
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Recent
Trends
on
IT
PM
! Globalization
IT
is
the
enabler
of
globalization
! Communication
! Trust
! Common
work
practices
! Tools
! Outsourcing
acquires
sources
from
within
or
outside
country
boundaries
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Recent
Trends
on
IT
PM
! Virtual
Teams
Group
of
individuals
who
work
across
time
and
space
using
communication
technologies
!
Employee,
consultants,
suppliers
providing
expertise
from
around
the
globe
! Advantage
:
increase
availability
&
responsiveness
24/7,
lower
cost,
more
expertise
&
exible
work
hours
! Disadvantage
:
Increase
communication
problem,
isolate
team
who
is
unable
to
adjust
well
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe
Conclusion
! Able
to
dene
project
management
the
holistic
view
! Identify
the
organization
frames
and
culture
! Identify
project
cycle
&
phases
! Recent
trends
in
IT
project
management
Inurina IT PM based on Schwalbe