Toothpaste:
A dentifrice in the form of paste for cleaning the teeth, applied with a toothbrush is usually
known as toothpaste. The primary purpose of brushing the teeth with a dentifrice or
toothpaste is to clean the accessible tooth surfaces of dental plaque, stains and food debris.
Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene.
Purpose of using toothpaste:
Brushing with toothpaste is important for several reasons:
A toothpaste and a correct brushing action work to remove plaque, a sticky, harmful
film of bacteria that grows on teeth that causes cavities, gum disease and eventual
tooth loss if not controlled.
Toothpaste contains fluoride, which makes the entire tooth structure more resistant to
decay and promotes remineralization, which aids in repairing early decay before the
damage can even be seen.
Special ingredients in toothpaste help to clean and polish the teeth and remove stains
over time.
Toothpastes help freshen breath and leave mouth with a clean feeling.
Different types of toothpaste:
Based on function:
Catagories
Major
Function
Example
Anti-Caries / Cavity
Ingredients
Sodium fluoride Contain fluoride to Colgate
pprotection toothpastes
and
sodium stop tooth enamel cavity
monofluorophos
decalcification and protection
phate
protect teeth from
tooth
decay
and
cavities.
Plaque & Gingivitis
Sodium
pprevention toothpastes
Sulphate,
Lauryl Antibacterial
prevent
and Crest-prothe health
Triclosane, Zinc formation of dental clinical gum
and
Stannous plaque.
protection
ions.
Tooth whitening toothpaste
Papain,
have high abrassion Colgate optic
dimethicone
value than normal white
and
toothpastes
pro
to colgate
mechanically
remove
clinical
food, white.
smoking and other
strains from teeth.
Sensitivity toothpaste
Potassium
contain
Colgate
nitrate,
desensitizing agent sensitive,
strontrium
to relief those with Sensodyne
chloride,
Tooth
potassium citrate
by
Sensitivity
closing
the
dentinal tubules
Tartar control toothpaste
Pyrophosphates
reduce new tartar Colgate tartar
build up (but they protection
cant remove the with
Fresh breath toothpaste
existing tartar)
whitening
peppermint,
enhance
Colgate max
spearmint,
flaovouring agents fresh
menthol
along
antibacterials
with
to
fight halitosis
Based on color:
Color
Blue
Green
Red
Black
Justification
Natural + Medicine
All Natural
Natural + Chemicals
All Chemicals
Ingredients Used in Toothpaste Formulation:
Ingredients
Abrasive Materials
Justification
Used to remove food
debris and residual stains
from teeth.
Polish the surface of teeth
Example
Calcium carbonate
Precipitated CaCo3
Anhydrous Dibasic
Calcium Phosphate
Tri Calcium Phosphate
Hydrated Alumina
Silica gel
Soap/Surfactants
To clean the teeth by Sodium Laurel Sulphate
Sodium
Lauryl
forming emulsion with
Sulphoacetate
fatty
materials
and
Magnesium
Lauryl
solution of non-fatty
Sulphate
materials.
To foam during use.
Act also as dispersing
agents
for
abrasive
materials and polishing
agents.
Binder/Gelling Agent
To improve and maintain Tragacanth
Alginate
its consistency.
Stabilizes the mass of
toothpaste against the
separation of the paste
Na CMC
CMC
Sorbitol
Bentonite
from the liquid phase.
Polishing Agent
To polish the surface as
well as to increase the
brightness of paste.
Prepared chalk powder
Talc.
MgCO3
ZnO
Flavor
To impart a suitable taste
on
the
toothpaste
formulation.
Peppermint
Spearmint
Cinnamon mint
Clove
Lemon
Sweetening Agent
To mask unpleasant taste
of abrasive and polishing
agents and other materials
Sodium Saccharine
Glycerin
Sorbitol
Mannitol.
used
in
toothpaste
formulation.
To
stimulate
saliva
secretion, this is helpful
for foaming and cleansing
operation of toothpaste.
Preservatives
To protect products from
the
effect
of
microorganism.
Colorants
To improve the aesthetic FD
value.
Methyl Paraben
Propyl Paraben
Ethyl Paraben
Butyl Paraben
and
approved
colors: green, red, blue
may be used or blender of
Vehicle
color is used.
Used as continuous phase Glycerol
A mixture of Glycerol
for spreading the abrasive
Water
materials to make the
product semisolid.
Humectants
To retain the moisture Glycerin
Propylene glycol
when the paste is exposed
Sorbitol
to air, thus preventing
paste from hardening.
To give some degree of
plasticity to the paste.
Stain Remover
To remove stains.
Antiseptic
For medication purpose.
Chlorhexidine 0.2% for
To destroy the growth of
healthy adults.
microorganisms.
Saliva Secreting/Stimulating To stimulate the secretion
Agent
of saliva.
Pumice stone
Pancreatic enzyme
Mannitol
Sorbitol
Medicaments Used in Toothpaste:
Medicaments
Fluoride Compounds
Purpose
To prevent dental caries
Antibiotic
Fluorophosphates
To reduce bacterial Penicillin
Erythromycin
count from oral cavity
Antihistamine
It
is
evident
antihistamine
Example
Stannous fluoride
Sodium Fluoride
Sodium
Mono
that Chlorpheniramin
in
toothpaste also used to
Maleate
Promethazine HCL
reduce anxiety. Although
further research is in
Anti-hemorrhagic
Local Anesthetic
progress.
To stop bleeding from Vitamin K
Epinephrine
exposed capillary and
Thrombin
gums.
To relief from severe Procaine
Benzocaine
pain sensation
Vitamins
Lidocaine
Vitamin A, B complex, Vitamin D and Vitamin E
Vitamin B: used in glossitis
Vitamin C: Used in gum infection
Vitamin K: Used in bleeding
Formulation and Preparation of Toothpaste- (100 gm)
Formulation
Ingredients
Quantity
Justification
Calcium Carbonate
40 gm
Abrasive material
Glycerine
10 gm
Humectants
Propylene Glycol
5 gm
Humectants and surfactants
Gum tragacanth
1.2 gm
Binder
Na- saccharin
1.2 gm
Sweetening agent
Na- lauryl sulfate
1.2 gm
Anionic surfactant
Mineral oil
1 gm
Emollient and solvent
Peppermint oil
q. s
Flavoring agent
Water
q.s
Vehicle
Equipment:
Mortar & Pestle ( 1 Pair)
Beaker
Container
Glass rod
Procedure
Calcium carbonate, Na- lauryl sulphate and Na- saccharin are taken in a dry mortar
and grinded for the reduction of particle size. Then add some water to prepare a paste
like wet mixture.
The gum tragacanth is taken into a beaker to prepare a liquid dispersion where the
binder is slightly swollen.
After that add gum dispersion in the abrasive mixture until a fine mixture is formed.
Then add rest of ingredients step by step to the mixture through proper mixing until
the final preparation is obtained.
Finally add peppermint oil to the mixture and pour it into the container.
