Scribd
Upload
107 views5 pages

Hyperbolic Functions and Their Graphs

This document discusses hyperbolic functions, including their definitions, graphs, identities, and properties. Some key points: - The hyperbolic sine and cosine functions are defined similarly to trigonometric sine and cosine, but use exponentials instead of trigonometric functions. - Graphs of common hyperbolic functions like sinh(x), cosh(x), and tanh(x) are presented. - Several identities involving hyperbolic functions are proved, such as cosh^2(x) - sinh^2(x) = 1. - Inverse hyperbolic functions like sinh^(-1)(x) are defined and converted to logarithmic form. - Derivatives

Uploaded by

Saimo Mghase
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
107 views5 pages

Hyperbolic Functions and Their Graphs

This document discusses hyperbolic functions, including their definitions, graphs, identities, and properties. Some key points: - The hyperbolic sine and cosine functions are defined similarly to trigonometric sine and cosine, but use exponentials instead of trigonometric functions. - Graphs of common hyperbolic functions like sinh(x), cosh(x), and tanh(x) are presented. - Several identities involving hyperbolic functions are proved, such as cosh^2(x) - sinh^2(x) = 1. - Inverse hyperbolic functions like sinh^(-1)(x) are defined and converted to logarithmic form. - Derivatives

Uploaded by

Saimo Mghase
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Hyperbolic Functions Overview
  • Identities and Proofs of Hyperbolic Functions
  • Logarithmic Conversion and Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION

Hyperbolic functions are some ways analogous to trigonometric


functions.

Hyperbolic sine of x i.e. sinh(x)


Hyperbolic cosine of x i.e. cosh(x)
Definition of hyperbolic cosine and sine
1
cosh( x ) ( e x e x )
2
1
sinh( x ) ( e x e x )
2

y = sech x

y = csch x

Qns
1. Show that:
a. cosh( x ) sinh( x ) e x
b. cosh( x ) sinh( x ) e x
GRAPH OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
y

GRAPH OF INVERSE OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION

= cosh x
y = sinh x

y = tanh x

y = sinh-1x

y = coth x

y = cosh-1x

Trigonometric function
y = tanh-1x

y = coth-1x

tan( x )

sin( x )
cos( x )

tanh( x )

sinh( x )
cosh( x )

cot( x )

1
tan( x )

coth( x )

1
tanh( x )

cos ec ( x )
sec( x )

y = csch-1x

y = sech-1x

Hyperbolic function

1
sin( x )

cos ech ( x )

1
cos( x )

sec h ( x )

1
sinh( x )

1
cosh( x )

QN.
i.

Prove that cosh(ln 3x )

ii.

Prove that tanh( x )

iii.

Prove that tanh(ln a )

9x2 1
6x

e2 x 1
e2x 1
a 1
where a is a constant.
a 1

IDENTITIES OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS


From trigonometric point of view
DEFINITION OF Tanh(x),Coth(x),Cosech(x) and Sech(x)

cos 2 ( x ) sin 2 ( x ) 1

We can substitute cos(x) =cosh(x) and sin(x) =isinh(x) where


i2 =-1
Thus cosh ( x ) i sinh ( x ) 1 => cosh ( x ) sinh ( x ) 1
2

SOLUTION
1 ( A B )
(e
e ( A B ) )
2

By def. sinh( A B )

Therefore cosh 2 ( x ) sinh 2 ( x ) 1


BUT
Example

cosh( A) sinh( A) e A
cosh( A) sinh( A) e A

Prove that cosh ( x ) sinh ( x ) 1 .


2

1 A B
(e e e A e B )
2

Soln
1
1
cosh 2 ( x ) sinh 2 ( x ) ( ( e x e x )) 2 ( ( e x e x )) 2
2
2

1
[(cosh( A) sinh( A))(cosh( B ) sinh( B )) cosh( A) sinh( A) (cosh( B ) sinh
2
sinh( A) cosh( B ) sinh( B ) cosh( A)

1
1
= ( e 2 x 2 e 2 x ) ( e 2 x 2 e 2 x )
4
4
1
= ( e 2 x e 2 x 2 2 e 2 x e 2 x )
4
=

1
( 4) =1
4

Therefore, cosh 2 ( x ) sinh 2 ( x ) 1

QNS
Show that:
i.

cosh 2 ( x ) sinh 2 ( x ) cosh( 2 x )

ii.

cos ech 2 ( x ) coth 2 ( x ) 1

iii.

tanh( 2 x )

PROOFS OF SOME HYPERBOLIC IDENTITIES


QN.
Prove that sinh( A B ) sinh( A) cosh( B ) sinh( B ) cosh( A)

2 tanh( x )
1 tanh 2 ( x )

iv.
v.

tanh( A B )

tanh( A) tanh( B )
1 tanh( A) tanh( B )

QN.
Show that:

sinh( 2 x ) 2 sinh( x ) cosh( x )

1
1) ; where x>0
x2

i.

cos ech 1 ( x ) ln(

ii.

cosh 1 ( 2) ln( 2

Convert cosh 1 ( x ) into natural logarithm

iii.

If tanh 1 ( A) tanh 1 ( B ) ln 2 then A

Solution

iv.

Solve the following equations

CONVERTING THE INVERSE OF HYPERBOLIC


FUNCTION INTO LOGARITMIC FUNCTION
EXAMPLE

Let y cosh 1 ( x )
Then cosh( y ) x but cosh( y )
x

1 y
(e e y )
2

1 y
(e e y )
2

2 x ( e y e y ) multiply by e y both side

2)

2
a. sinh ( x )

1
cosh( x ) 4
2

b. tanh( y )

1
4

DERIVATIVE OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS


I.

Derivative of cosh( x )

2 xe y e 2 y e 0 => 2 xe y e 2 y 1

Solution

e 2 y 2 xe y 1 0 , solve quadratically

Let y cosh( x )

2x 4x 2 4
x x 2 1 , apply natural logarithm
2
both side

d
d 1 x
1
(cosh( x ))
( ( e e x )) ( ( e x e x ))
dx
dx 2
2

ey

y ln( x

x 2 1) ; Where x>0

1 x
(e e x )
2

1
2B

1 x
x
but ( ( e e )) sinh( x )
2
then

d
(cosh( x )) sinh( x )
dx

Common questions

Powered by AI

The exponential definitions of the hyperbolic sine and cosine functions are \( sinh(x) = \frac{e^x - e^{-x}}{2} \) and \( cosh(x) = \frac{e^x + e^{-x}}{2} \). By adding these expressions, we find that \( sinh(x) + cosh(x) = e^x \) and by subtracting, \( sinh(x) - cosh(x) = -e^{-x} \).

Using the definitions, \( \tanh(x) = \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)} = \frac{e^x - e^{-x}}{e^x + e^{-x}} \) and \( \coth(x) = \frac{\cosh(x)}{\sinh(x)} = \frac{e^x + e^{-x}}{e^x - e^{-x}} \). It follows that \( \coth(x) = 1/\tanh(x) \) because each function is the reciprocal of the other, based on their respective composition .

The derivative of \( \sinh(x) \) with respect to x is \( \cosh(x) \). Conversely, the derivative of \( \cosh(x) \) is \( \sinh(x) \).

For \( y = \cosh^{-1}(x) \), we equate \( x = \cosh(y) = \frac{e^y + e^{-y}}{2} \). Solving for \( y \), multiply through by \( e^y \) to obtain \( e^{2y} - 2xe^y + 1 = 0 \). This quadratic in \( e^y \) can be solved using the quadratic formula to find \( e^y = x + \sqrt{x^2 - 1} \). Taking the natural logarithm gives \( \cosh^{-1}(x) = \ln(x + \sqrt{x^2 - 1}) \).

The hyperbolic tangent function \( \tanh(x) \) is defined as the ratio of the hyperbolic sine and cosine functions: \( \tanh(x) = \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)} \).

Starting with \( \tanh(x) = \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)} \), thus \( \tanh^2(x) = \frac{\sinh^2(x)}{\cosh^2(x)} \). We apply the identity \( \cosh^2(x) - \sinh^2(x) = 1 \), leading to \( 1 - \tanh^2(x) = \frac{1}{\cosh^2(x)} = \text{sech}^2(x) \). This identity links hyperbolic tangent and secant, fundamental for calculus applications.

The derivative of the hyperbolic tangent function \( \tanh(x) \) is \( \text{sech}^2(x) \), derived from \( \tanh(x) = \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)} \) using the quotient rule. The derivative simplifies as \( \frac{1}{\cosh^2(x)} \) or \( \text{sech}^2(x) \).

Starting from the definitions, \( \cosh(x) = \frac{e^x + e^{-x}}{2} \) and \( \sinh(x) = \frac{e^x - e^{-x}}{2} \), we form \( \cosh^2(x) - \sinh^2(x) = \left(\frac{e^x + e^{-x}}{2}\right)^2 - \left(\frac{e^x - e^{-x}}{2}\right)^2 \). This simplifies to \( \frac{(e^x + e^{-x})^2 - (e^x - e^{-x})^2}{4} \). Expanding both squares and simplifying, all terms cancel except \( 1 \), thus proving the identity \( 1 = \cosh^2(x) - \sinh^2(x) \).

For \( y = \sinh^{-1}(x) \), equate \( x = \sinh(y) = \frac{e^y - e^{-y}}{2} \), leading \( e^{2y} - 2xe^y - 1 = 0 \). Solving the quadratic, \( e^y = x + \sqrt{x^2 + 1} \). Hence, \( \sinh^{-1}(x) = \ln(x + \sqrt{x^2 + 1}) \).

Express \( \sinh(A+B) \) in exponential terms: \( e^{A+B} - e^{-(A+B)}/2 \) which expands to \( \frac{(e^Ae^B + e^{-A}e^{-B})/2 + (e^{A}e^{-B} + e^{-A}e^{B})/2}{2} \). These recombine as \( \sinh(A)\cosh(B) + \cosh(A)\sinh(B) \) using the definitions of sinh and cosh .

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION Hyperbolic functions are some ways analogous to trigonometric functions.  Hyperbolic sine of x i.e. sin
y = tanh-1x y = coth-1x y = csch-1x y = sech-1x DEFINIT
We can substitute cos(x) =cosh(x) and sin(x) =isinh(x) where i2 =-1 Thus 1 ) ( sinh ) ( cosh 2 2 2   x i x => 1 ) ( sin
iv. ) tanh( ) tanh( 1 ) tanh( ) tanh( ) tanh( B A B A B A     v. ) cosh( ) sinh( 2 ) 2 sinh( x x x  CONVERTING THE INVER
but ) sinh( )) ( 2 1 ( x e e x x    then ) sinh( )) (cosh( x x dx d 

You might also like