CHAPTER

CONTENT

The Past Tense

Masoud Ahrabi

CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Alada rides the bus to work.

Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.

CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Alada rides the bus to work.

Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.

PRESENT TENSE

CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Alada rides the bus to work.

Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.

PRESENT TENSE
PAST TENSE

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

CHAPTER
CONTENT

We graduated from college in 2010.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

CHAPTER
CONTENT

(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.

(b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

CHAPTER
CONTENT

(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.

(b) Adrianna studied for six hours last night.

SIMPLE PAST

activities or situations
began and ended in the past
(yesterday, last night, in 2007)

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-1 LETS PRACTICE

They were at the movies last

night at 8:00.

be
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:

They _______
werent at the movies last night at 8:00.
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:

They were
____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00.
8

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-1 LETS PRACTICE

This airplane was made

in 1625.

1943

be
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:

wasnt made in 1625.

This airplane ______
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:

This airplane was

___ made in 1943.
9

2-1 LETS PRACTICE

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Did Carla get a bad grade

on her test?
get

NEGATIVE STATEMENT:

Carla ________
didnt get a bad grade on her test.
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:

Carla ________
an excellent grade on her test.
got
10

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Tell me about your last

vacation. Where did you
go? What did you do?

11

2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS

+ ing?

CHAPTER
CONTENT

+ ed?

smile
sing
get
visit
prefer
pay
study
tie

12

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS

END OF VERB

-e
(a) smile
hope

DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?

NO

smiling

smiled

hoping

hoped

-ing form: drop -e, add -ing

-ed form: add -d
13

2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS

CHAPTER
CONTENT

ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant

DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?

YES

(d) stop

stopping

stopped

plan

planning

planned

Double the consonant and

add -ing
add -ed
14

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS

TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant

DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?

NO

(e) visit

visiting

visited

offering

offered

offer

First syllable stressed

add -ing
add -ed
15

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS

TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant

DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?

YES

(f) prefer

preferring

preferred

admit

admitting

admitted

Second syllable stressed,

double the consonant

add -ing
add -ed
16

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS

END OF VERB

-y
(g) play

enjoy

DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?

NO

playing

played

enjoying

enjoyed

vowel + -y

keep the -y

17

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS

END OF VERB

-y

DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?

NO

(h) worry

worrying

worried

study

studying

studied

consonant + -y

-y + -ing
-i + -ed
-y
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CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-2 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS

END OF VERB

-ie
(i) die

tie

dying

died

tying

tied

-ie

-y + -ing

add -d
19

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-2 LETS PRACTICE

rain
-ING form
-ED form

raining
________
________
rained

20

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-2 LETS PRACTICE

study
-ING form
-ED form

studying
_________
_________
studied

21

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-2 LETS PRACTICE

lie

-ING form
-ED form

lying
_____
_____
lied

Please dont
lie to me!

22

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Somebody spent all my money.

23

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Right or wrong?
Finally, the company could consolidate
its position in the market.

Wrong: Do not use could in the case of

single achievements. Use be able to
or manage to instead.

24

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

CHAPTER
CONTENT

He ran to work yesterday.

He was running when the bus drove by.

25

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

CHAPTER
CONTENT

THE SIMPLE PAST

X
(a) Edgar ran to work yesterday.
(b) Pat drove to work this morning.
began and ended at particular
time in the past
26

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

CHAPTER
CONTENT

THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

X

(c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by.

(d) The bus drove by while Edgar was running.
in progress
was/were + -ing
27

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

CHAPTER
CONTENT

THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

X

(e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running.

(f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running.
when = at that time
while = during that time
28

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

STATEMENT

I-She-He-It

CHAPTER
CONTENT

was talking.

You-We-They were talking.

NEGATIVE

I-She-He-It

was not talking.

wasnt talking.

You-We-They were not talking.

werent talking.

29

2-6 SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE

QUESTION

Was I-she-he-it
Were you-we-they

talking ?
talking ?

SHORT
ANSWER

Yes, I-she-he-it
No, I-she-he-it

was.
wasnt.

Yes, you-we-they
No, you-we-they

were.
werent.

CHAPTER
CONTENT

30

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-6 LETS PRACTICE

walk

walking
Yesterday morning, the camels were
___________
in the desert.

31

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-6 LETS PRACTICE

At 8:00, we began to work.

work
were working
At 8:30, we ____________.

32

2-6 LETS PRACTICE

was waiting for the bus.

Marie __________

CHAPTER
CONTENT

wait
OR
wait, not

wasnt waiting for a plane.

Marie _____________

33

2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Our son called while we were using

the computer.

34

2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Dependent clause
main clause
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
main clause
(b) I took a shower

Dependent clause
after I exercised.

Dependent clause main clause

35

2-7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES

CHAPTER
CONTENT

main clause
Dependent clause
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
main clause
(b) I took a shower

Dependent clause
after I exercised.

(b)main clause Dependent clause

36

CHAPTER
CONTENT

2-7 LETS PRACTICE

fall asleep
read

Lynn _________
fell asleep while she __________
was reading
a book.
37

2-7 LETS PRACTICE

CHAPTER
CONTENT

First: I went shopping.

Then: I put the food away.
I put the food away
I went shopping ,________________.
After _____________
I put the food away after ______________.
I went shopping
________________

38

2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO

CHAPTER
CONTENT

He used to be a baby, but now he is

man with a family.

39

2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO

CHAPTER
CONTENT

(a) I used to swim every afternoon.

Now I work in the afternoon.
(b) Fatima used to play the piano, but
now she plays the violin.
(c) Jasmine used to laugh, but she
doesnt anymore.
used to

past situations
no longer exist
used to + simple form of a verb
40

2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO

CHAPTER
CONTENT

(d) Did you used to swim every afternoon?

(OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?)

did + subject + used to

(OR did + subject + use to)

41

2-8 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO

CHAPTER
CONTENT

(e) I didnt used to swim every day, but

now I swim every afternoon.
(f) Fatima never used to love school, but
now she loves it.

For negative ideas,

never is more common.

42

2-8 LETS PRACTICE

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Correct?
The children used to swam in the ocean.

43

2-8 LETS PRACTICE

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Correct? No
The children used to swim in the ocean.

44

2-8 LETS PRACTICE

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Correct?
Were you used to ask questions in school?

45

2-8 LETS PRACTICE

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Correct? No

Did you used to ask questions in school?

46

CHAPTER
CONTENT

When can you use would instead of used to?

You can also use would to talk about

activities that happened regularly
in the past (but not past situations).

G.D. P. 18
47

CHAPTER
CONTENT

Done!

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