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Types and Principles of Manometers

There are four main types of manometers: 1. U-tube manometers measure differential pressure by the difference in liquid height between the two legs of the U-tube. 2. Well-type manometers substitute the U-tube with a large well, measuring a single liquid height instead of a differential height. 3. Inclined tube manometers expand the measurement scale by inclining the measuring leg, increasing sensitivity. 4. Ring-balance manometers isolate two pressures in a sealed, rotating ring that is balanced by a counterweight.

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Abhisek Purohit
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242 views3 pages

Types and Principles of Manometers

There are four main types of manometers: 1. U-tube manometers measure differential pressure by the difference in liquid height between the two legs of the U-tube. 2. Well-type manometers substitute the U-tube with a large well, measuring a single liquid height instead of a differential height. 3. Inclined tube manometers expand the measurement scale by inclining the measuring leg, increasing sensitivity. 4. Ring-balance manometers isolate two pressures in a sealed, rotating ring that is balanced by a counterweight.

Uploaded by

Abhisek Purohit
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
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MANOMETER

A manometer is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to measure


pressure, although the term is currently often used to mean any
pressure measuring instrument.
Manometer is also called a liquid column manometer and is used for low
differential pressure measurement. The usual range of pressure that
falls for this device is around 0.2 MPa or 2 Kg/cm 2. This device is used
for most cases as it is very simple in construction and highly accurate of
all the types.
There are basically three types of manometers.
1.
2.
3.

U-Tube Manometer
Inclined Type Manometer
Ring Balanced Type Manometer
U-Tube Manometer

A simple u-tube manometer is shown below. If dmis the manometric


fluid density, d1 is the density of the fluid over the manometer, P2 is
the atmospheric pressure (for general measurement of gas pressure)
and P1 is the gas pressure, and also if d1<<dm, then the differential
pressure can be obtained by the relation
p1-p2 = h (dm-d1)

Well-Type Manometer

The main difference between a U-tube manometer and a well type


manometer is that the U-tube is substituted by a large well such that the
variation in the level in the well will be negligible and instead of
measuring a differential height, a single height in the remaining column
is measured. If a1 and a2 are the areas of the well and the capillary, and
if (h1-h2) is the difference in height in the well due to the pressure
difference (p1-p2) as shown, at balance, then
p1-p2 = dm.h (1+a2/a1)

Inclined Tube Manometer

The inclined tube manometer is an enlarged leg manometer with its


measuring leg inclined to the vertical axis by an angle b. This is done to
expand the scale and thereby to increase the sensitivity. The differential
pressure can be written by the equation,
p1-p2 = [Link] (1+a2/a1)

The factor cosb expands the scale of the instrument. When b is quite
large, h can be increased such that ([Link]) remains constant. The
figure of an inclined tube manometer is shown below.

Ring-Balance Manometer

This device cannot be actually called a manometer, but it is often


considered so. The tube is made of polythene or other light and
transparent material. This tube is bent into in to the form of a ring and is
supported at the centre by a suitable pivot. The tubular chamber is
divided in to two parts by spilling, sealing, and filling with a suitable light
liquid like kerosene or paraffin oil for isolating the two pressures.
Pressure taps are made with two flexible tubings. Pressures p1 and p2
act against the sealed walls as shown in the figure below, and rotate the
ring which is balanced by the counter weight w.

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