Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
Table Of Content
CANDIDATES DECLARATION ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
CERTIFICATE ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Declaration by Student.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Verification by Faculty Project Guide ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
List Of Figure.................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
ABSTRACT.................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter- 1 .................................................................................................... 2
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 2
1.1
AIM/ OBJECTIVE ...................................................................................................... 3
1.2
SCOPE ......................................................................................................................... 3
1.3
SELECTION ................................................................................................................ 3
1.4
WORKING PRINCIPLE ............................................................................................. 3
Chapter- 2 .................................................................................................... 4
LITERATURE SURVEY ........................................................................................................ 4
2.1
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP .............................................................................................. 4
2.1.1
WORKING MECHANISM OF A ROTARY PUMP .............................................. 4
2.2
HUMAN POWER........................................................................................................ 4
2.2.1
Development of Human Powered Pump .............................................................. 5
2.3
Energy Output And Uses For Pedal Power .................................................................. 5
Chapter- 3 .................................................................................................... 7
METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTATION................................... 7
3.1
WORKING .................................................................................................................. 7
3.1.1
FORMULA USED FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMP ............................................... 7
3.2
REQUIERED PARTS................................................................................................ 10
3.2.1
Some other Required Parts: ............................................................................... 12
3.3
MODELING OF MECHANISM WORK .................................................................. 12
3.4
COST ESTIMATION ................................................................................................ 13
Chapter- 4 .................................................................................................. 14
RESULT ..................................................................................................... 14
4.1
FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY ......................................................................... 14
4.1.1
WELDING .......................................................................................................... 14
4.1.2
TIGHTENING .................................................................................................... 15
4.1.3
FINISHING AND PAINTING ............................................................................ 15
4.2
ADVANTAGES ........................................................................................................ 15
4.3
DISADVANTAGES .................................................................................................. 16
4.4
APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... 16
4.5
SAFTY, CARE AND MAINTENANCE................................................................... 16
Chapter- 5 .................................................................................................. 17
CONCLUSION .......................................................................................... 17
REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 18
1
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
Chapter- 1
INTRODUCTION
In process operations, liquids and their movement and transfer from place to place,
plays a large part in the process. Liquid can only flow under its own power from one
elevation to a lower elevation or, from a high pressure system to a lower pressure
system. The flow of liquid is also affected by friction, pipe size, liquid viscosity and the
bends and fittings in the piping. To overcome flow problems, and to move liquids from
place to place, against a higher pressure or to a higher elevation, energy must be added
to the liquid. To add the required energy to liquids, we use ' PUMPS'. A pump therefore
is defined as ' A machine used to add energy to a liquid'. Pumps come in many types
and sizes. The type depends on the function the pump is to perform and the size (and
speed) depends on the amount (volume) of liquid to be moved in a given time.
Our project could prove helpful for rural areas which are facing load shedding problem.
It can be used mainly for irrigation and water drawing water from wells and other water
bodies. This is a centrifugal water pump which is run by rotating the pedal of a cycle.
The system comprises a bicycle, rim, chain, sprocket, impeller, pulley and inlet and
delivery pipes. Arrangement is consist of large small sprocket so that the final RPM at
the pump shaft will enough to operate pump. Pump shaft is connected with an impeller
through this process of paddling is used to lift water from a pipe into the form for
cultivation. This innovation is useful for pumping water from river, ponds, wells and
similar water sources thus enabling poor formers for pumping water for irrigation and
cultivation.
By using electric operated Centrifugal pumps we can pump the water are a sub-class of
dynamic axis symmetric work-absorbing machinery. Electrical operated Centrifugal
pumps are used to convert rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the
liquid flow. The rotational energy comes from electric device like motor. The fluid
enters the pump impeller along to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller,
flowing radials in chamber outward into volute chamber, from where it exits. The
function of the centrifugal pump is converting potential energy of water pressure into
mechanical rotational energy. The mechanism consists of single centrifugal pump
which is fixed with the rear large sprocket fixed in bicycle. Paddling for just 8-10
minute is enough to pump 30-40 liters of water to a height of 25 feet.
2
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
1.1 AIM/ OBJECTIVE
To eliminate the electricity part from domestic water motor by constructs the
mechanically operated system to operate the pump head.
1.2 SCOPE
Provides irrigation and drinking water where electricity is not available.
1.3 SELECTION
We can increase the number of rotations by help of chain and sprocket system, and can
obtain enough rotation to rotate pump head which is used in domestic purpose to pump
the water.
1.4 WORKING PRINCIPLE
To function the pump, the operator sit on the seat and pedal continuously. The foot
pedal is used to drive the pump by manually. By pedaling, the driver sprocket transmits
rotary power to driven sprocket though the chain drive. In this the multiple number of
chain and sprocket system is arranged in that way so we can get higher RPM (in
comparison to input) at the shaft of the pump head. Thus the water is discharged to tank
without using electric power.
3
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
Chapter- 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Centrifugal pumps are subclass of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbo
machinery. Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of
rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational
energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor. The fluid enters the pump
impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing
radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from where it exits.
2.1.1 WORKING MECHANISM OF A ROTARY PUMP
A centrifugal pump is one of the simplest pieces of equipment in any process plant. Its
purpose is to convert energy of a prime mover (a electric motor or turbine) first into
velocity or kinetic energy and then into pressure energy of a fluid that is being pumped.
The energy changes occur by virtue of two main parts of the pump, the impeller and the
volute or diffuser. The impeller is the rotating part that converts driver energy into the
kinetic energy. The volute or diffuser is the stationary part that converts the kinetic
energy into pressure energy.
2.2 HUMAN POWER
The simplest pumps of all are those operated by human power. In this category come a
range of hand pumps and foot pumps. They are capable of lifting relatively small
amounts of water. Using human power for pumping water has important benefits for
small communities in developing countries:
The power requirements can be met from within the users group.
The capital cost is generally low.
The discharge capacity of one or more manual pumping devices is usually adequate to
meet the domestic water requirements of a small community, including, if needed, for
small-scale productive uses within households.
Design developments during the last 20 years mean that pumps can be repaired and
maintained by appropriately trained local caretakers (men or women).
The power available from human muscle depends on the individual, the environment
and the duration of the task. For work of long duration, for example eight hours per
day, a healthy man is estimated to produce 60-75 watts (0.08-0.10 horsepower).
4
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
2.2.1 Development of Human Powered Pump
Standard bicycle gearing components can be assembled with a flexible coupling to
create an inexpensive human powered flywheel power unit. As the user pedals, power
is stored in the flywheel. The flywheel axle is connected to a transmission transfer gear
that turns a transmission input gear for a transmission with multiple gears. The power
generated by the process of pedaling the bicycle is used to lift the water and push the
water from a pipe into the farm for cultivation. Useful for pumping water from rivers,
ponds, wells and similar water sources. The farmers can use this to pump water for
irrigation. When the flywheel is not being sped up, it idles. It can maintain a very
nearly constant speed for a long time, because the losses (equivalent to friction) in the
bearings are very small. It is sped up to its idling speed, it very slowly loses speed over
some period of time, and then it is sped up to idling speed again The suggested machine
system uses human energy achieved by pedaling and stores this energy in a flywheel at
an energy-input rate convenient to the peddler. After storing the maximum possible
energy in the flywheel (pedaling time could be 1-2 minutes) the same can be made
available for the actuation of any process unit by making available the energy stored in
the flywheel through a suitable coupling and torque- amplification if needed. Thus the
flywheel will decelerate depending on the actual resisting torque offered by the process.
It implies that the pedaler does not pedal while the flywheel is supplying energy to the
process-unit.
2.3 Energy Output And Uses For Pedal Power
The circular pedaling motion at speeds of 60-80 revolutions per minute and
transmitting power by sprocket and chain mechanisms and ball bearing can convert
about 95% of muscle energy of bicycle. by pedaling, a person can produce four times
more energy than by hand movements. Torque is produced from the operators feet and
is transferred to a sprocket and chain that ranges from one third of the maximum torque
produced. The use of stationary bicycle, flywheel, elliptical sprocket and gear ratios can
minimize torque and increase the amount of generated energy. According to the tests
done at oxford university, an average bike rider travels at speed of 12 [Link] speed
can produce 1/10 hp. speeds of 18 mph can produce hp. at a rate of hp, the human
body can pedal continuously for 10 min, but at a rate of 1/8 hp, continuous pedaling
can last up to one hour. Most blenders use between 600-1500 watts of energy, which
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Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
clearly shows that besides burning calories, pedal power can significantly contribute to
reducing energy bills.
Pedal power can provide energy to the following operations:
meat grindrer, wood carver, stone polisher and buffer, jewelers lathe, pottery wheel,
juicer, potato peeler, meat slicer, cherry pitter,a butter churn and many more items.
6
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
Chapter- 3
METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTATION
3.1 WORKING
A water pump head operate through chain and sprocket system. The chain and sprocket
system is Arrange in a bi-cycle. In the arrangement large sprocket provide power to the
smaller sprocket through a chain, and the smaller sprocket provide power to another
large sprocket which is connected at same shaft of the smaller sprocket.
The pedal of bi-cycle is connected with a large sprocket of the system, so the pedal is
used to operate the complete arrangement of system. When the pedal is operate the
large sprocket rotates which gives higher rpm to the smaller sprocket, the another larger
sprocket rotates at the same rpm of smaller sprocket. This larger sprocket again
connected with another smaller sprocket so now this smaller sprocket having more rpm,
similarly the previous a large sprocket is connected on the same shaft, this large
sprocket is finally connected with the smaller sprocket which is fabricated on the shaft
of pump head. This shaft operates an impeller who changes the rotation energy in the
hydraulic energy.
3.1.1 FORMULA USED FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Efficiency factor
where:
Pm is the mechanics input power required (W)
is the fluid density (kg/m3)
is the standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s2)
is the energy Head added to the flow (m)
is the flow rate (m3/s)
is the efficiency of the pump plant as a decimal
The head added by the pump (
) is a sum of the static lift, the head loss due to friction
and any losses due to valves or pipe bends all expressed in metres of fluid. Power is
more commonly expressed as kilowatts (103 W, kW) or horsepower (hp = kW*0.746).
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Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
The value for the pump efficiency,
, may be stated for the pump itself or as a
combined efficiency of the pump and motor system.
SUCTION HEAD
Hs = ps*sm/1000
Hs = suction head
(m of water)
Ps = suction pressure (mm of Hg)
Sm= specific gravity of Hg = 13.6
DELIVERY HEAD
Hd = Pd * 104/
Hd = Delivery head
(m of water)
Pd = Delivery pressure (kg/cm2)
P = unit weight of water = 1000kg/m3
COLLECTING HEAD = 0.13m (constant)
TOTAL HEAD
H=Hs + Hd + Hc
(m of water)
DISCHARGE
Q= lby/t1 (m3/s)
Q = discharge (m3/s)
L = length of collecting tank (m)
Y = rise of water in collecting tank (m)
Y = 0.1m
t = time taken for y rise of water/sec
OUTPUT POWER
OP = gQH/1000 (kW)
= unit weight of water 1000 kg/m3
g = specific gravity 9.81 m/s2
Q = discharge (m3/s)
H = total head (m of water)
INPUT POWER
IP = 2NT/60
Torque = force radius
Force = mass acceleration
F = m a (or) m g
8
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
T=mgr
M = flywheel mass
g = specific gravity 9.81 m/s2
r = flywheel radius
OVERALL EFFICIENCY
= OP/IP %
Pump specification:
Diameter of the motor shaft d=1.3cm
Length of the motor shaft l=22cm
Pump type: single stage type
Type of pump: centrifugal type
Power of the pump:1 HP
Suction diameter of the pump=3cm
Discharge diameter of the pump=2cm
Speed ratio
For cycle chain drive:
Speed of the driver/speed of the driven= number of teeth on the driven/no. of teeth
on driver= N2/N1= d1/d2= t1/t2
Where
N1=Speed of the driven
N2=Speed of the driver
D1=diameter of the driver
D2=diameter of the driven
T1=teeth of the driver
T2=teeth of the driven
Speed ratio
For pump chain drive:
Seed of the driver/speed of driven=number of teeth on driven/number of teeth on
driver= N2:N1=d1:d2=t1:t2
Power (p) =2NT/60 KW
Where
N=speed of the motor shaft
T=total torque produce in the motor shaft.
9
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
3.2 REQUIERED PARTS
1.
Foot Pedal:
The bicycle pedal is the part of a bicycle that the rider pushes with their
foot to propel the bicycle. It provides the connection between the cyclist's
foot
or shoe and
the crank allowing
the
leg
to
turn
the bottom
bracket spindle and propel the bicycle's wheels. Pedals usually consist of
a spindle that threads into the end of the crank and a body, on which the
foot rests or is attached, that is free to rotate on bearings with respect to the
spindle.
Fig:1 Pedal
2.
Chain drive:
Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to
another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle,
particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of
machines besides vehicles.
Fig.2 Chain Drive
10
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
3.
2015-16
Sprocket (in two different sizes):
A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, cogs, or
even sprockets that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented
material. The name 'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which
radial projections engage a chain passing over it.
Fig.3 Sprocket
4.
Flywheel:
A heavy revolving wheel in a machine which is used to increase the
machine's momentum and thereby provide greater stability or a reserve of
available power.
Fig.4 Bi-cycle Rim
11
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
5.
2015-16
Centrifugal Pump:
Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of
rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow.
Fig.5 Water Pump
3.2.1
Some other Required Parts:
1.
inlet and outlet valve in pump head
2.
Suction and delivery pipeline with pressure gauges
3.
Cast Iron Bar
4.
operator seat
3.3 MODELING OF MECHANISM WORK
Generally we can use the centrifugal pump for lift the water. By using electric power
we can operate the pump. For electric power saving we can used the mechanism like
bi-cycle operated centrifugal pump for water lifting by using these mechanism we can
save electric power. Whole mechanism of bi-cycle operated centrifugal pump
mechanism for water lifting proposed work shown by 3D-modeling.
Fig-1 Mechanism
12
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
3.4 COST ESTIMATION
1. Pedal base unit
300.00
2. Chain drive
200.00
3. Fabrication of base unit
350.00
4. Suction and delivery pipe 10 meters
100.00
5. fasteners and clip for pipe
100.00
6. sprocket
240.00
7. Hub
140.00
8. Pump head
220.00
9. Transport cost
200.00
TOTAL COST
1850.00
13
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
Chapter- 4
RESULT
4.1 FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY
4.1.1 WELDING
Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals or
thermoplastics, by causing fusion, which is distinct from lower temperature metaljoining techniques such as brazing and soldering, which do not melt the base metal.
Two types of welding is used in the fabrication of the system.
1. Arc welding
2. Gas welding
ARC WELDING
These processes use a welding power supply to create and maintain an electric arc
between an electrode and the base material to melt metals at the welding point. They
can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, and consumable or nonconsumable electrodes. The welding region is sometimes protected by some type of
inert or semi-inert gas, known as a shielding gas, and filler material is sometimes used
as well.
In the project arc welding is used to join following-
1. To fabricate rectangular L- shaped stand. stand is fabricated by cast iron bars.
This is fixed at the rear side from where we get the final rpm. The stand give
enough height to the rear rim so that it not touch to the ground and rotate freely.
The ream rim works as a flywheel.
2. To fabricate the supporting cast iron bar. These bars support to the middle hub.
On which one smaller and one large sprocket is connected.
3. Pump head is also welded on the stand, so that it can be stable while running
and stopping condition as well.
GAS WELDING
The most common gas welding process is oxy-fuel welding, also known as
oxyacetylene welding The equipment is relatively inexpensive and simple, generally
employing the combustion of acetylene in oxygen to produce a welding flame
temperature of about 3100 C. The flame, since it is less concentrated than an electric
14
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
arc, causes slower weld cooling, which can lead to greater residual stresses and weld
distortion, though it eases the welding of high alloy steels. A similar process, generally
called oxy-fuel cutting, is used to cut metals.
In this project copper wire is used in gas welding to join the parts.
This is used at following places in fabrication of the system1. To join the large sprocket with middle hub. The hub having thin metal so to
joint sprocket with the hub, gas welding is used with copper wire.
2. Similarly a Large sprocket mounted at the rear hub, so to connect rigidly with
hub gas welding is used. From this large sprocket the power is transmitted to the
pump head shaft.
4.1.2 TIGHTENING
The flywheel is connected with the hub and two sprockets connected at the hub (one at
each side) this complete assembly is tightened at rear of the bi-cycle frame. the
fabricated stand is also tightened with rear hub. the small sprocket also having thread so
it is tighten at the one side of the hub.
Adjustment Of Chaain And Sprocket
The chain is adjusted on the two sprocket. The large sprocket is transmitted the power
to the smaller sprocket. So that smaller rpm get higher rpm then large sprocket. 3
chains are used in this system.
4.1.3 FINISHING AND PAINTING
JOB PREPARATION
Before welding, remove any bend in the L angle with the sludge hammer on the anvil
block. Then it is cut to the required length with the hacksaw blade and fabricated to
required dimensional shape with arc welding.
FINISHING OPERATION BEFORE PAINTING
After welding, any slag on the welded area is removed with the chipping hammer and
cleaned with the metal wire brush. Then all the surfaces are rubbed with the emery
sheet
Metal primer is applied on the surfaces with the brush. After drying the metal primer,
the second coating is applied with the paint.
4.2 ADVANTAGES
It is economical.
No extra skill is required for operating this system.
15
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
Operation is very smooth and in this system we can get more output by
applying less effort.
Single person is enough to operate this efficiently.
Easy and efficient handling of this unit
low maintenance cost
Suited for pumping the water upto 25 meter head.
4.3 DISADVANTAGES
Manual power required to operate .
The time taken for pumping the water is more when compared to electric power
unit.
It cannot be used for more than 25 meter head.
4.4 APPLICATION
We can use this equipment to lift the water from ground floor to 1st floor in
housing purpose.
During rainy season we can pump the unwanted water from the required place.
Using for irrigation purposes.
It could be very useful in those areas where electricity is irregular or
insufficient.
4.5 SAFTY, CARE AND MAINTENANCE
Before using the machine, some of the points to be noted for safety purpose,
1. Before starting the operation, check the following items
(1)
Dont insert the any material or object between the during operation of
flywheel.
(2)
Check the lubrication of chain drive and bearing in the unit. sit carefully
while driving the pedal .
16
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
Chapter- 5
CONCLUSION
The problem of energy crises is very big in India and many rural powered water pump
by use of this project we save electricity and get a particular water head and we supply
the water in irrigation. We will operate a water pump by using bicycle mechanism.
This modeling was centered towards the development of a domestic water pump by
operating it with help of Pedals that would conveniently alleviate the portable water
supply problems of rural communities throughout the underdeveloped and developing
countries of the world at minimum energy input.
We have learnt alot from this project about types of tools, machines & how are they
used in mechanical workplaces in Industry, Some basic techniques like cutting, Surface
finishing, planning, grinding are introduced very nicely. In addition to this we have also
learnt about painting and welding. Moreover this project gave us a good experience of
purchasing material from market and increased our surveying capabilities.
It is concluded that any fabrication work can be done with the help of welding. We
have successfully completed the project work on using pedaling pump work at our
Institute.
17
Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
Mechanically Operated Water Pumping System
2015-16
REFERENCES
1. M. Zakaria Hossain, M. Serazul Islam And M. Abdul Khair Design and
Development of Pedal Pump for Low-Lift Irrigation Publisher JARD
2. Stephan Kwasi Adzimah, Ademolo Sumuel Akinwanmi, Fredrick Oppong
Pedal Powered Centrifugal Pump Purified Water Supply Device Published by
Innovative System Design And Engineering.
3. [Link]
4. DR. R. K. Bansal laxmi publication (p) ltd. Fluid mechanics and Hydraulic
Machine
5. Non conventional sources of energy fourth edition 2008 By [Link] Khanna
publisher.
6. Machine Design (S. I. Units) By R.S. Khurmi & J. K. Gupta
7. Engineering Mechanics (S.I Units) By R. S. Khurmi.
8. A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics by Rajput. SCHAND & COMPANY LTD
9. Shafting, Pulleys, Belting, Rope Transmission, and Shaft Governors By Hubert
Edwin Collins (Author), Published By General Books.
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Poornima University, Jaipur
B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering
