T-TEST OF INDEPENDENT OR UNCORRELATED MEANS
A COURSE PAPER
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS
IN FE 4002
By:
GILBUENA, LUCILLE D.
2009
INTRODUCTION:
The uncorrelated or unrelated t-test is used to calculate whether the means of two
sets of scores are significantly different from each other. It is the most commonly used
version of the t-test. Statistical significance indicates that the two samples differ to an
extent which is unlikely to be due to chance factors as a consequence of sampling. The
variability inherent in the available data is used to estimate how likely it is that the
difference between the two means would be if, in reality, there is no difference between
the two samples. The unrelated t-test is used when the two sets of scores come from two
different samples of people. SPSS procedures for the unrelated t-test are very useful and
go beyond usual textbook treatments of the topic. That is, they include an option for
calculating the t-test when the variances of the two samples of scores are significantly
different from each other. Most textbooks erroneously suggest that the t-test is too
inaccurate to use when the variances of the two groups are unequal. This additional
version of the unrelated t-test is rarely mentioned in statistics textbooks but is extremely
valuable([Link]).
SITUATIONAIRE:
PAREF Southcrest School and Saint Theresa’s College were compared in their
Science achievement test of fourth year high school students. Test at .05 level that there
is no significant difference in mean scores between the two schools.
PROBLEM:
Is there a difference in the performance of PAREF Southcrest School and Saint
Theresa’s College in their fourth year high school students’ Science achievement tests?
Ho:
There is no significant difference in the performance of PAREF Southcrest
School and Saint Theresa’s College in their fourth year high school students’ Science
achievement tests.
DATA:
PAREF Southcrest School
Student Scores Deviations (d) d2
1 98 -5.87 34.46
2 97 -4.87 23.72
3 96 -3.87 14.98
4 96 -3.87 14.98
5 95 -2.87 8.24
6 95 -2.87 8.24
7 92 .13 .02
8 91 1.13 1.28
9 90 2.13 4.54
10 90 2.13 4.54
11 90 2.13 4.54
12 89 3.13 9.80
13 88 4.13 17.06
14 88 4.13 17.06
15 87 5.13 26.32
N=15 ∑X = 1382 ∑d 2 =
189.78
X = ∑X SD = ∑d 2
N N
= 1382 = 92.13 = 189.78 = 3.56
15 15
Saint Theresa’s College
Student Scores Deviations (d) d2
1 99 -7.12 50.69
2 98 -6.12 37.45
3 98 -6.12 37.45
4 97 -5.12 26.21
5 97 -5.12 26.21
6 96 -4.12 16.97
7 95 -3.12 9.73
8 95 -3.12 9.73
9 94 -2.12 4.49
10 94 -2.12 4.49
11 91 .88 .77
12 88 3.88 15.05
13 86 5.88 34.57
14 85 6.88 47.33
15 85 6.88 47.33
16 83 8.88 78.85
17 81 10.88 118.37
N= 17 ∑X = 1562 ∑d 2 = 565.69
X = ∑X SD = ∑d 2
N N
= 1562 = 565.69
17 17
= 91.88 = 5.77
PAREF Southcrest School Saint Theresa’s College
X 92.13 91.88
SD 3.56 5.77
N 15 17
TEST STATISTIC: T-TEST
X1 - X2
Computation : T = SD21 + SD22
N1 N2
92.13 - 91.88
Computation t = 3.562 + 5.772
15 17
= .09
at .05 level and df = (N1 – 1) + (N2 – 1) = 30
critical t = 2.042
FINDINGS:
CV ( .09 ) is less than TV ( 2.042 ).
DECISION:
Accept Ho.
ANALYSIS:
There is no significant difference in the performance of PAREF Southcrest
School and Saint Theresa’s College in their fourth year high school students’ Science
achievement tests.
CONCLUSION:
The Science performance of fourth year high school students of PAREF
Southcrest School and Saint Theresa’s College is comparable.
IMPLICATIONS:
Both of the schools are following the same curriculum. They have the same level
of details given in lectures, speed of lectures, academic internet sources, Science skills,
group or individual assessment, and the qualitative/quantitative content of assessment.
RECOMMENDATION:
Continue to use the curriculum but when the time goes by it should be updated
according to the needs of the learners.