[Link].
com
Chapter 14 - Statistics
1 Marks Questions
1.
Write three formulas to find the mean
Sol: Three formulas to find the mean:
2.
fixi
fi
i)
The Direct Method: x =
ii)
The assumed mean Method: x = a +
iii)
The step deviation Method: x = a +
fidi
fi
fiui
h
fi
Find the mean for first 100 natural numbers.
Sol: First 100 natural numbers = 1, 2, 3, .100
Sum of first n natural numbers =
n ( n + 1)
2
Sum of first 100 natural numbers =
=
100 (100 + 1)
2
100 (101)
= 50 101
2
Mean of first 100 natural numbers
=
sum of abservations 50 101
=
[Link] observations
100
= 50.5
3.
Find the mean if fixi = 1860 and fi = 30.
Sol: fixi = 1860, fi = 30
Mean =
fixi 1860
=
= 62
30
fi
[Link]
[Link]
4.
Find the mode of
1 3 5 1 7
, , , ,
3 4 6 2 12
1 3 5 1 7
3 4 6 2 12
Sol: Given observations= , , , ,
3 3, 4, 6, 2,12
2 1, 4, 2, 2, 4
1, 2,1,1, 2
No. of observations = 5
1 3
3 4
5
6
1 7
2 12
Sum of observations = + + + +
108 9
= = 4.5
24 2
5.
Find mode if a = 47.5, fidi = 435 and fi = 30.
Sol: Given that: a = 47.5
fidi = 435
fi = 30
Mode x = a +
fidi
fi
= 47.5 +
435
30
= 47.5 +
145
10
= 47.5 + 14.5
= 62
6.
Find the mode of first n natural numbers
Sol: first n natural numbers = 1, 2, 3, 4,.. n.
In this series any number is not repeated so, there is no mode for this numbers
(Note: If there is no mode for any problem. We cannot say that the mode is 0)
[Link]
[Link]
7. The wickets taken by a bowler in 10 cricket matches are as follows: 2, 6, 4, 5, 0, 2, 1,
3, 2, 3. Find the mode of the data.
Sol: Let us arrange the observations in order i.e. 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Clearly 2 is the number of wickets taken by the bowler in the maximum number of
matches (i.e., 3 times). So, the mode of this data is 2.
8.
Find the mode of given data 5, 6, 9, 10, 6, 12, 3, 6, 11, 10, 4, 6, 7
Sol: Given data: 5, 6, 9, 10, 6, 12, 3, 6, 11, 10, 4, 6, 7
Ascending order: 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12
Mode = 6
9.
Find the mode of given data 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6
Sol: Given data 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6
Mode of given data = 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
10.
Write the formula to find the median.
Sol:
n
2 cf
Median (M) = l +
f
11.
Find the median if, l = 60, cf = 22, f = 7, h = 10, and
Sol: Give that
l = 60
cf = 22
f=7
h = 10
n
= 26.5
2
n
cf
Median (M) = l + 2
f
[Link]
n
= 26.5
2
[Link]
26.5 22
= 60 +
10
7
4.5
= 60 + 10
7
= 60 +
45
10
70
= 60 +
45
7
= 60 + 6.4
= 66.4.
12.
What are ogive curves?
Sol: cumulative frequency curve or an ogive:
First we prepare the cumulative frequency table, and then the cumulative
frequencies are plotted against the upper or lower limits of the corresponding
class intervals. By joining the points the curve so obtained is called a cumulative
frequency or ogive.
[Link]
[Link]
2 Mark Questions
1.
The marks obtained in mathematics by 30 students of class X of a certain school
are given in table below. Find the mean of the marks obtained by the students.
Marks obtained
(xi)
10
20 36
40
50
56
60
70
72
80
88 92 95
[Link] student
(fi)
Sol: let us re-organize this data and find the sum of all observations
Marks obtained (xi)
Number of students (fi)
fixi
10
10
20
20
36
108
40
160
50
150
56
112
60
240
70
280
72
72
80
80
88
176
92
276
95
95
Total
fi = 30
fixi = 1779
So, x =
fixi 1779
=
= 59.3
30
fi
[Link]
[Link]
The mean marks are 59.3.
2.
Write mean formula in deviation method? Explain letters in it.
Sol: mean x = a +
fiui
h
fi
a is class mark of mean class
fi is the highest frequency
i =
xi a
, Here xi = mid value of classes
h
a = assumed mid value
h = class size
fixi = sum of total frequency.
3.
A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of their environment
awareness progamme, in which they collected the following data regarding the
number of plants in 20 houses in a locality. Find the mean number of plants
per house.
Number of
plants
02
24
46
68
Number of
house
8 10 10 12 12 14
No. of
plants
No. of houses fi
Class marks xi
fixi
02
24
46
68
35
8 10
54
[Link]
[Link]
10 12
11
22
12 14
13
39
Total
fi = 20
Mean =
=
fixi = 162
fixi
fi
162
20
= 8.1
8 plants are planted at each house.
4.
The table below shows the daily expenditure on food of 25 households in
locality.
Daily
expenditure
(Rs)
100 150
150 200
200 -250
250 300
300 350
No. of
house holds
12
Find the mean daily expenditure on food by a suitable method
Daily expenditure No. of households
(in Rupees)
(fi)
Class Marks (xi)
fixi
100 150
125
500
150 200
175
875
200 -250
12
225
2700
250 300
275
550
300 350
325
650
fi = 25
Mean =
fixi 5275
=
= 211
25
fi
The mean daily expenditure on food of a house hold is Rs. 211.
[Link]
fixi = 5275
[Link]
5.
Write the formula of mode in a grouped data and explain the letters in it.
f1 f 0
h
2 f1 f 0 f 2
Sol: Mode = l +
Where, l = lower boundary of the modal class
h = size of the modal class interval
f1= frequency of the modal class
f0 = frequency of the class preceding the modal class
f2 = frequency of the class succeeding the modal class
6.
Write the formula of median in a grouped data and explain the letters
in it.
Sol: Median for a grouped data:
n
cf
Median = l + 2
f
Where, l = lower boundary of median class
n = number of observations
cf = cumulative frequency of class preceding the median class
f = frequency of median class
h = size of the median class
7.
The mean of the following distribution is 53. Find the missing frequency p?
Classes
0 20
20 40
40 60
60 80
80 100
Frequency
12
15
32
13
Sol:
Class
Class mark
fi
fixi
0 20
10
12
120
20 40
30
15
450
40 60
50
32
1600
[Link]
[Link]
60 80
70
70p
80 100
90
13
1170
fi = 72 + p
fixi = 3340 + 70p
mean x =
53 3340 + 70 p
fixi
=
1
72 + p
fi
3340 + 70p = 53 (72 + p)
3340 + 70p = 3816 + 53p
70p 53p = 3816 3340
17p = 476
p=
476
17
P = 28.
8.
Find the unknown entries a, b, c, d in the following distribution of heights of
students in a class.
Height (in cm)
Frequency
Cumulative frequency
150 155
12
12
155 160
25
160 165
10
165 170
43
170 175
48
175 180
a = 25 12 = 13
b = 25 + 10 = 35
c = 43 35 = 8
d = 48 + 2 = 50
[Link]
[Link]
9.
Prepare less than cumulative frequency distribution and greater than
cumulative frequency distribution for the following data.
Daily
income (in
rupees)
250 300
300 350
350 400
400 450
450 500
No. of
workers
12
14
10
Sol: Less than cumulative frequency
Daily income
(in Rs)
No. of
workers
Upper limits
Less than
cumulative
frequency
250 300
12
300
12
300 350
14
350
12 + 14 = 26
350 400
400
12 + 14 + 8 = 34
400 450
450
12 + 14 + 8 + 6 = 40
450 500
10
500
12 + 14 +8 + 6 +10 =
50
Greater than cumulative frequency
Daily income
(in Rs)
No. of
workers
lower
limits
Greater than
cumulative
frequency
250 300
12
250
12 + 14 + 8 + 6 +
10 = 50
380 350
14
300
14 + 8 + 6+10=40
350 400
350
8 + 6 + 10
400 450
400
6 + 10 = 16
450 500
10
450
10 = 10
[Link]
[Link]
10.
Median of a data, arranged in ascending order 7, 10, 15, x, y, 27, 30 is 17 and
when one more observation 50 is added to the data, the median has become 18
find x and y.
Sol: Given data:
7, 10, 15, x, y, 27, 30
Median = x.
x = 17 (median = 17)
One more observation 50 is added then data is 7, 10, 15, x, y, 27, 30, 50.
Median =
18 =
x+ y
2
x+ y
2
[ median is 18]
x + y = 36
17 + y = 36 => y = 36 17 = 19
x = 17, y = 19.
11.
Prepare class interval frequency follow table.
Marks
obtained
Less than
10
Less than
20
Less than
30
Less than
40
Less than
25
No. of
students
12
18
25
Sol:
Marks obtained
No. of students
Class in marks
Frequency
Less than 10
0 10
Less than 20
10 20
85=3
Less than 30
12
20 30
12 8 = 4
Less than 40
18
30 40
18 12 = 6
Less than 50
25
40 50
25 18 = 7
[Link]
[Link]
12.
In the calculation of mean problem, x = 62, fidi = 435, a= 47.5 then
the value of fi.
Sol: We know that, x = a +
fidi
fi
given, x = 62, fidi = 435, a= 47.5, fi= ?
62 = 47.5 +
435
fi
62 47.5 =
435
fi
14.5 =
435
fi
fi =
435
145
4350
145
fi = 30.
[Link]
what is
[Link]
4 Mark Questions
1.
The following distribution gives the daily income of 50 workers of a factory.
Sol:
Daily
income
250 300
300 350
350 400
400 450
450 500
[Link]
workers
12
14
10
Convert the distribution above to a less than type cumulative frequency
distribution and draw its ogive.
Class interval
cf
Points
Less than 300
12
12
(300, 12)
Less than 350
14
26
(350, 26)
Less than 400
34
(400, 34)
Less than 450
40
(450, 40)
Less than 500
10
50
(500, 50)
[Link]
[Link]
2.
The following distribution shows the daily packet allowance of children of a
locality. The mean pocket allowance is Rs.98. Find the missing frequency f.
Daily
pocket
allowance
(in Rs)
11 13
13 15
15 17
17 19
19 21
21 23
23 25
[Link]
children
13
Sol:
[Link]
[Link]
xi a
n
Daily pocket
allowance
No. of
children (fi)
Mid value of
classes
11 13
12
-3
-21
13 15
14
-2
-12
15 17
16
-1
-9
17 19
13
18(a)
19 21
20
21 23
22
10
23 25
24
12
ui =
fiui= -20 + f
fi = f + 44
Mean x = a +
fiui
h
fi
Given mean x =18, fiui = - 20 + f = f + 44, a = 18, h = 2.
18 = 18 +
20 + f
2
f + 22
18 = 18 +
( 20 + f ) 2 0 = ( 20 + f ) 2
f + 22
f + 44
0
= 20 + f
2
0 = -20 + f
f = 20.
[Link]
fiui
[Link]
3.
Thirty women were examined in a hospital by a doctor and their of heart beat
per minute were recorded and summarised as shown. Find the mean of heart
beat per minute for these women, choosing a suitable method.
No. of heart
beat/ minute
65 - 68
No. of women
68 71 71 74 74 77 77 80
80 83
83 86
Sol:
Let a=75.5
Class marks
(xi)
di= xi a
fidi
66.5
-9
-18
68 71
69.5
-6
-24
71 74
72.5
-3
-9
74 77
75.5=a
77 80
78.5
21
80 83
81.5
24
83 86
84.5
18
No. of heart
beats/minute
No. of women
65 68
fi
fi = 30
x =a+
12
fidi
= 75.5 +
30
fi
75.5 + 0.4
75.9.
[Link]
fidi =12
[Link]
4.
In a retail market, fruit vendors were selling oranges kept in packing baskets.
These baskets contained varying number of oranges. The following was the
distribution of oranges.
No. of
Oranges
10 14
15 19
20 24
25 29
30 34
No. of
baskets
15
110
135
115
25
Find the mean number of oranges kept in each basket, which method of finding
the mean did you choose?
Sol:
[Link] oranges
(C.I)
Number of
baskets (fi)
xi
ui =
xi a
h
fiui
h = 5x
10 -14
15
12
-2
-30
15 19
110
17
-1
-110
20 24
135
22=a
25 29
115
27
115
30 34
25
32
50
fi = 400
fiui
=25
Here we use step deviation method where a =22, h = 5,
fiui
x =a+
h
fi
= 22 +
25
5
400
= 22 + 0.31
= 22.31.
[Link]
[Link]
5.
The following table gives the literacy rate (in%) of 35 cities. Find the mean
literacy rate.
Literacy
rate in %
45 55
55 65
65 75
75 85
85 95
[Link] cities
10
11
Sol:
xi a
h
Number of
cities (fi)
Class marks
45 55
50
-2
-6
55 65
10
60
-1
-10
65 75
11
70a
75 85
80
85 95
90
Literacy rate
ui =
fiui
(xi)
fi = 35
fiui
=-2
a = 70,
h = 10
x = a +
fiui
h
fi
x = 70
70
2
10
35
2
35
70 - 0.57142
69.4285 69.43%.
[Link]
[Link]
6.
The following data gives the information on the observed life times (in
225 electrical components.
hours) of
Life time
(in )
0 20
20 40
40 60
60 80
80 100
100 120
Frequency
10
35
52
61
33
29
Determine the modal life times of the components.
Class interval
Frequency
0 20
10
20 40
35
40 60
52
60 80
61
80 100
38
100 120
29
The maximum frequency 61 is in the class 60 80 is the required modal class.
Modal class frequency =f1 = 61.
Frequency of the class preceeding the modal class f0= 52
Frequency of the class succeeding the modal class f2 = 38.
Lower boundary of the model class l = 60
Height of the class h = 20
Mode (z) = l +
( f1 f0 ) h
2 f1 ( f 0 + f 2 )
61 52
= 60 +
20
2 61 (52 + 38)
9
60 +
20
122 90
[Link]
[Link]
60 +
9
20
32
= 60 + 5.625
= 65.625 hour.
7.
The given distribution shows the number of runs scored by some top batsmen of
the world in one day international cricket matches
Runs
[Link]
batsmen
3000 4000 5000 - 6000 7000 8000
4000
5000
6000
7000
9000
8000
4
18
Sol: Find the mode of the data.
Class interval
Frequency
3000 4000
4000 5000
18
5000 6000
6000 7000
7000 8000
8000 9000
9000 10,000
10,000 11,000
Maximum number of batsmen is in the class 4000 5000.
Modal class is 4000 5000
Frequency of the modal class = f1= 18
Lower boundary of the modal class l = 4000
Frequency of the model class, preceding f0 = 4
[Link]
9000
10,000
10,000
11,000
[Link]
Frequency of the class succeeding the modal class f2 = 9
Height of the class, h = 1000.
f1 f 0
h
( f1 f 0 ) + ( f1 f 2 )
Mode (z) = l +
Mode (z) = 4000 +
18 4
1000
(18 4 ) + (18 9)
4000 +
14
1000
14 + 9
4000 +
14000
= 4000 + 608.695
23
= 4608.69 = 4608.7 runs.
8.
The median of 60 observations, given below is 28.5. Find the values of x and y.
Class
interval
0 10
10 20
20 30
30 40
40 50
50 60
Frequency
20
15
Sol:
Class interval
Frequency
c.f
0 -10
10 20
5 +x
20 30
20
25 + x
30 40
15
40 + x
40 50
40 + x + y
50 60
45 + x + y
[Link]
[Link]
n
2 cf
Median = l +
f
It is given that f = n = 60
So, 45 + x + y = 60
x + y = 60 45 = 15
x + y = 15 (1)
The median is 28.5 which lies between 20 & 30
Median class = 20 30
Lower boundary of the median class l = 20.
N 60
=
= 30
2
2
Cf. cumulative frequency = 5 + x, h = 10
n
cf
Median = l + 2
f
28.5 = 20 +
30 5 x
10
20
28.5 = 20 +
25 x
2
25 x
= 28.5 20 = 8.5
2
25 x = 2 8.5
x = 23 17 = 8
Also from (1) x + y = 15
8 + y = 15
y = 7.
x = 8, y = 7.
[Link]
[Link]
9.
The following data the information on the observed life times (in hours) of 400
electrical components.
Life time
1500
2000
2000
2500
2500
3000
3000 3500
3500
4000
4000
4500
4500
5000
Frequency
14
56
60
86
74
62
48
Class internal
Frequency
1500 2000
14
2000 2500
70
2500 3000
130
3000 3500
261
3500 4000
290
4000 4500
352
4500 5000
400
n = 400
l = 3000
n 400
=
= 200
2
2
cf = 130
f = 86
h = 500
n
cf
Median = l + 2
f
[Link]
[Link]
= 3000 +
( 200 130 ) 500
= 3000 +
70 500
86
= 3000 +
35000
86
86
= 3000 + 406.97
= 3406.98
Life time median of the bulb = 3406.98 hr.
10.
Draw OGIVE CURVE of the following frequency distribution table.
Classes
0 20
20 40
40 60
60 80
80 100
100 120
Frequency
16
24
15
Class
Frequency
L.C.F
U.B
0 20
20
20 40
16
9 + 16 =25
40
40 60
24
25 + 24 = 49
60
60 80
15
49 + 15 = 64
80
80 100
64 + 4 = 68
100
100 120
68 + 2 = 70
120
Let us draw a graph by considering upper boundary values on x axis and
values on y-axis. The points to be located in the graph are
(20, 9), (40, 25), (60, 49), (80, 64), (100, 68), (120, 70).
[Link]
L.C.F
[Link]
11.
The following distribution gives the daily income of 50 workers of
Daily
income
250 300
300 350
350 400
400 450
450 500
No. of
workers
12
14
10
Convert the distribution above to a less than type cumulative frequency
distribution, draw its ogive.
[Link]
a factory.
[Link]
Class interval
c.f
Point
Less than 300
12
12
(300, 12)
Less than 350
14
26
(350, 26)
Less than 400
34
(400, 34)
Less than 450
40
(450, 40)
Less than 500
10
50
(500, 50)
[Link]
[Link]
12.
During the medical checkup of 35 students of a class, their weight were recorded
as fallows?
Weight (in kg)
No. of students
Less than 38
Less than 40
Less than 42
Less than 44
Less than 46
14
Less than 48
28
Less than 50
32
Less than 52
35
Draw a less than type ogive for the given data. Hence obtain the median weight from
the graph and verify the result by using the formula.
Given: Upper limits of the classes and less than cumulative frequencies. Therefore
required points are (38, 0), (40, 3), (44, 9), (46, 14), (48, 28), (50, 32), & (52, 35).
[Link]
[Link]
13.
The following table gives production yield per hectare of wheat of 100 farms of
a village.
Production
yield
50 55
55 60
60 65
65 70
70 75
75 80
No. of
farmers
12
24
38
16
[Link]
[Link]
Change the distribution to a more than type distribution & draw its ogive. The
given data is to be more than frequency distribution type.
Sol:
Production
yield(Qui /Hec)
More than cf
No. of farmers
Points
More than 50
100
(50, 100)
More than 55
98
(55, 98)
More than 60
90
12
(60, 90)
More than 65
78
24
(65, 78)
More than 70
54
38
(70, 54)
More than 75
16
16
(75, 16)
A graph is plotted by taking the lower limits on the x axis and respective of y axis.
[Link]
[Link]
Multiple Choice Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
f f0
h
2 f f0 f1
The h indicates in mode z = l +
A) Frequency
B) length of the CI
C) Lower boundary of mode class
D) mode
Mid values are used in calculating ___________
A) A.M
B) Median
C) Mode
D) None
Mean of 23, 24, 24, 22 and 20 is ________
A) 22.6
B) 16.2
C) 18.9
D) 20.3
fixi = 1390, fi = 35, then mean x = ______
A) 39.71
B) 49.23
C) 81.45
D) None
_________ is based on all observations _______
A) Median
B) mean
C) mode
D) None
8.
B) 8
C) 3
D) None
The data arranged in descending order has 25 observations which observation
represents the median?
[
]
A) 12th
B) 13th
C) 14th
D) 15th
2
3
1 7
is _________
4 6
AM of 6, 4, ,1 ,
A) 8.1
B) 5.3
C) 3.5
[
D) 0.55
[Link]
If the mode of the following data is 7, then the value of k in 6, 3, 5, 6, 7, 5, 8, 7, 6,
2k + 1, 9, 7, 13 is _______
[
]
A) 7
7.
[Link]
9.
Median of 17, 31, 12, 27, 15, 19 and 23 is _________
A) 16
10.
B) 6.1
C) n2
D)
B) 14.5
C) 15.5
B) 18
C) 27
D) 12
n2
then n = ______
81
n
2
B)
n +1
2
C)
D) 54
n 1
2
D) None
If the mean of 6, 7, x, 8, y, 14 is 9, then x = ____
A) x + y = 21
B) x + y = 19
C) x y = 19
D) x y = 21
1) B;
2) A;
3) A;
4) A;
5) B;
6) C;
7) B;
8) D;
9) C;
10) D;
11) B;
12) C;
13) A;
14) B;
15) B.
KEY
[Link]
n
2
A.M of 1, 2, 3, n is ________
A)
15.
D) 5.3
The mean of first n odd natural numbers is
A) 81
14.
For the given data with 50 observations the less than ogive and the more than ogive
intersect at (15.5, 20). The median of the data is ___________
[
]
A) 11.5
13.
C) 3.5
B) n 1
D) None
Range of 1, 2, 3, 4, n is__________
A) n
12.
C) 19
A.M of 12, 3.. 10 is ______
A) 3.2
11.
B) 20
[Link]
Fill in the Blanks
1.
The A.M of 30 students is 42. Among them two get zero marks then A.M of remaining
students is _________
2.
Marks
10
20
30
No. of students
From the above data the value of median is ______________
3.
Data having one mode is called ______________
4.
A.M of 1, 2, 3 __________ n is _________
5.
sum of all deviations taken from A.M is _________
6.
Mode of A, B, C, D, Z is _________
7.
Mean of first 5 prime numbers is __________
8.
The observation of an ungrouped data in their ascending order are 12, 15, x, 19, 15 if
the median of the data is 18 then x = ____________
9.
AM of a -2, a, a + 2 is ________
10.
Median of 1, 2, 4, 5 is _______
11.
Class mark of the class x y is________
12.
L.C.F curve is drawn by using ________ and the corresponding cumulative
frequency
13.
The modal class for the following distribution is __________
x
Below 10
Below 20
Below 30
Below 40
Below 50
Below 60
-3
12
27
57
75
80
14.
If the A.M of x, x + 3, x + 6, x + 9 and x + 12 is 10 then x = ________
15.
If 35 is removed from the data 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 then the median increases
by __________
[Link]
[Link]
16.
Range of first 10 whole numbers is ________
17.
Construction of cumulative frequency table is useful in determining the
___________
18.
Exactly middle value of data is called ___________
19.
In the formula of mode
Mode = = l +
f1 f 0
h , f0 represents _______________
2 f f0 f2
20.
n
cf
2
n ; l represents ______________
Median = l +
f
21.
The term ogive is derived from
A) ogee
22.
B) 39
C) 32
2n + 1
2
B)
2n 1
2
B)
n
2
C)
D) 34
C)
n +1
2
D)
Median of first n natural number is _____________
A) n
D) Ogel
The mean of first n natural number is _______
A)
24.
C) Ogeve
Range of the data 15, 26, 39, 41,11, 18, 7, 9 is _______
A) 41
23.
B) ogie
n
+1
2
D)
n
2
n +1
2
Key:
5) 0;
6) no mode;
7) 5.6;
2) 9; 3) unimodal data;
8) 18;
9) a; 10) 3; 11)
16) 9;
17) Median; 18) median; 19) frequency of preceding of preceding model class;
20) lower limit of median;
4)
n +1
;
2
1) 42;
x+ y
; 12) upper boundary; 13) 30 40; 14) 4; 15) 0.5;
2
21) A;
22)C;
23) C;
[Link]
24) D.