Unit

1
1

Starting from the basic definition of stiffness, determine the effective stiffness of the combined
spring and write the equation of motion for the spring mass systems shown in figure (a), (b) , (c)

Drive the equation governing the free motion of a simple pendulum which consists of a rigid
massless rod pivoted at point O with a mass M attached at the tip (fig d). Linearize the equation,
for small oscillations, and determine the natural frequency of oscillation.

Assuming the beam to be massless, each system has a single DOF defined as the vertical
deflection under the weight . The flexural rigidity of the beam is EI and the length is L.
Write the equation governing the free vibration system shown in figures.

An automobile is crudely idealized as a lump mass

m supported on a spring-damper system

as shown in figure. The automobile travels at constant speed

over a road whose roughness

is known as a function of position along the road. Derive the equation of motion.

Determine the natural frequency of a weight of a weight w suspended from a spring at the
midpoint of the simply supported beam. The length is L and its flexural rigidity is EI. The spring
stiffness is k. assuming the beam to be massless.

Derive a linear homogeneous second order differential equation with constant coefficients for
free vibration. The fundamental form can be taken to be
and

7
8

u=e

st

where

s is a constant is

is time.

Derive the equation taking the case of viscously damped condition in free vibration taking
conditions same as above question.
Define and derive the three cases of damped vibrations.

Determine the natural vibration period and damping ratio of a glass plate from the acceleration
record given below.

10 A free vibration test is conducted on an empty elevated water tank. A cable attached to the tank
applies a lateral (horizontal) force of 16.4 kips and pull the Tank by 2 inch. The cable is suddenly
cut and resulting free vibration is recorded. At the end of four complete cycles, the time is 2.0 sec
and the amplitude is 1 in. From these data compute the following:
(a) Damping ratio
(b) Natural period of undammed vibration;
(c) Stiffness
(d) Weight;
(e) Damping coefcient; and
(f) Number of cycles required for the displacement amplitude to decrease to 0.2 in.
1 kips = 4448.22 newton
11 The weight of water required to ll the tank of Example 2.6 is 80 kips. Determine the natural
vibration period and damping ratio of the structure with the tank full.
1 kips = 4448.22 newton

Unit
2
1. List and discuss the factors affecting shear strengths of cohesive soil under static and dynamic
loads.
2. Differentiate between the structures of undisturbed and remolded soils. Draw stress Strain curves
for both. If and undisturbed sample of clay is vibrated then what type of structure do you expect
to have after vibration.
3. Describe the effect of the following on the strength of the clayey soil.
a. Number of pulses of loading.
b. Wave form of pulsating load.
c. One dimensional and two dimensional loading.
d. Drainage conditions and
e. Loading time
4. List and discuss the methods for determining the dynamic soil modulus for soil.
5. List and discuss the factors on which the soil moduli depend.
6. List and discuss the provisions of the Indian standards for determining the dynamic soil modulus.
7. The following tests were performed at the ground surface to determine the values
youngs modulus and

E the

Cu the coefficient of elastic uniform compression for the design of a

compressor foundation at a site.

a. A vertical vibration test was made on an M-150 concrete block

1.5 0.75 0.70 m high

using different intensities of the rotating mass of the oscillator.

b. A cyclic plate load test was made on a plate 70 70 cm. The elastic settlement corresponding
to a load intensity of 2.5 kg/cm2 was 6 mm

c. A wave propagation test gave an avg. value of travel time of compression waves as 0.02 s ,
corresponding to distance b/w geophones of 6 m.
The water table at the proposed location is 2 m below the proposed depth of the foundation of
3 m. the base contact area of the foundation is 10 8 m then compute the values of

Cu

E and

Unit
3

1. What are the laboratory methods for analysis of dynamic properties of soil?
2. Discuss resonant Coolum test.
3. Describe cross borehole wave propagation method with neat and clean sketch.
4. Describe Up hole wave propagation method with neat and clean sketch.
5. Describe Down hole wave propagation method with neat and clean sketch.
6. Describe surface wave propagation method with neat and clean sketch.
7. Describe cyclic plate load test with neat and clean sketch.|
8. Describe seismic reflection test with neat and clean sketch.
9. A loose deposit of over consolidated clay is underlain by bed rock. Previous subsurface
investigations in the area show that the bedrock surface is nearly horizontal. A seismic
reflection test shows the arrival of distinct

P waves at a geophone 38msec and 200 msec

after an impulsive load is applied at a point 20

thickness and

m from the geophone. Determine the

P -wave velocity of the clay deposit.

1.
2.

3.
4.

Unit
4
List and discuss the factors on which the liquefaction
f saturate sand depends.
What do you understand by the following
a. Initial liquefaction
b. Complete liquefaction
c. Cyclic mobility
Dense sand doesnt liquefy in situ do you agree or disagree with the statement? Justify your
statement.
The site shown in Figure E9.2a is subjected to earthquake shaking that produces a peak
ground acceleration of 0.22 g . Estimate and plot the variation of maximum shear stress
with depth. Compute and plot the variation of equivalent uniform cyclic shear stress with
depth.
Useful data is given in the diagram below.

5. A 2m thick layer of Sacramento River Sand (e = 0.87;

compacted fill (

'
= 33) is overlain by 4 m of

= 2.1 Mg /m 3 ). The water table is at the bottom of the fill. Using

the cyclic triaxial test results shown in Figure 9.27, estimate the maximum cyclic shear stress
required to initiate liquefaction in the sand in a magnitude 7.5 earthquake.

6. The settlement of a 50-ft-thick deposit of loose sand ( Dr

=45%) with an average

corrected SPT resistance of 9 was estimated for an earthquake of magnitude 6.6 by Seed and
Silver (1972) and Tokimatsu and Seed (1987).
Note The shaking is multidirectional i.e. in x and y both horizontal axes.

7. A 10 m

thick deposit of loose sand is saturated below a depth of

3 m . The soil below

the water table is highly susceptible to liquefaction. Estimate the ground surface acceleration
that would be required to produce sand boils in a

M =7.7 earthquake.

8. A level deposit of saturated clean sand has an average (N1)60-value of 18 and an average dry
unit weight of 105 pcf (pound per cubic foot). Plot the variation of cyclic shear stress
required to produce liquefaction in M = 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 earthquakes.

Unit
5
1. A retaining wall is inclined at 10 with the vertical. It retains soils with c = 0 05 kg/ cm

and

= 30 Determine the total active earth pressure. If the wall is located in a seismic area
where the design seismic coefficient

ah = 0.1, determine the change in total earth pressure.

Assume soil to be saturated with unit weight of 1.732 g/ cm

and

2. A vertical retaining wall is 8 in high and retains non cohesive soil with

a0 = 0

= 1.7 g/ cm

= 33, and =22 The wall is located in a seismic area where the design seismic
coefficients are:

v = 0.12

h= 0.06

Compute the static and dynamic earth pressures on the wall.

3. Write a short note on the displacements of retaining walls during earthquakes
4. Describe displacement analysis of a retaining wall during an earthquake.
5. Compute the overturning moment about the base of the wall shown below for k h = 0.15 and
kv = 0.075

6. A reinforced concrete box culvert is used to provide an undercrossing through a railroad

embankment as shown below. Estimate the dynamic thrust on a wall of the culvert when
subjected to a ground motion with kh = 0.2.

7. A 12 ft. deep rigid basement wall is backfilled with dense gravelly sand c=0 =45 ,

140 pcv. Estimate the maximum dynamic thrust acting on the wall when subjected to a ground
motion with

max = 0.33g.

8. A 15 ft. tall gravity wall is to retain a level sand backfill c = 0,

wall will be placed on a layer of dense sandy gravel c = 0,

= 35,

= 44,

= 115 pcf. The

= 140 pcf (pound

per cubic foot). Determine the wall weight that would be required to limit the permanent
displacement of the wall to

1
4

inch if subjected to the Gilroy No. 2 (soil) ground motion.

Unit
6
1. Define and discuss various types of machine foundations.
2. Discuss criteria for a satisfactory Machine foundation.
3. Discuss various methods of analysis of machine foundation.
4. Derive the expression for Amplitude of vertical and sliding block vibration.
5. Derive the expression for Amplitude of Rocking and Yawing block vibration.
6. What is the elastic half space analogy method of analysis? Drive expression for amplitude of
vertical vibration.
7.