DAS Bootcamp
Distributed Antenna Systems 101
Bryce Bregen, VP of Sales and Marketing
Bryce Bregen has more than 20 years of sales management and channel development expertise in telecom and
wireless. He manages all direct and indirect sales channels including enterprise, carrier and
manufacturing/distribution partners
partners. Since joining Connectivity Wireless,
Wireless Bregen has aggressively expanded sales
channels to extend in-building wireless services to all major markets across the U.S.
Bregen is a BICSI Corporate member as well as presenter for the BICSI organization on DAS trends. He is also a
t
team
member
b ffor DAS standards
t d d committee,
itt a councilil member
b off Th
The DAS FForum, a presenter
t ffor th
the A
American
i
Architect Institute, an ACUTA corporate member and presenter, and Carolinas and Atlanta Wireless Association
member.
Prior to Connectivity Wireless, Bregen held sales executive positions with several in-building wireless companies
and was responsible for driving sales revenue growth and expansion into multiple distribution channels. He also
previously managed nationwide sales for wireless and telecom companies, delivering services to Fortune 1000
companies across a wide range of industries including government and education, hospitality, healthcare, telecom
and wireless and has overseen more than 2,500 DAS installations.
Tyler Boyd, Nationwide Performance Engineer
As a performance RF engineer for Connectivity, Tyler applies his concentrated in-building wireless (DAS)
knowledge to ensure best-in-class system performance and consistent RF engineering throughout the
U.S.
With project experience spanning several industriesincluding hospitality, higher education,
commercial,
i l and
d sporting
ti and
d entertainmentBoyd
t t i
t B dh
has d
designed,
i d engineered,
i
d commissioned
i i
d and
d
managed some the nations largest venues, while providing extensive customer support throughout the
duration of each project.
Boyd is certified in all major DAS technologies.
Learning Objectives
About the Presenting Company
What is a DAS?
Wireless Industry Trends
The Players in the DAS Ecosystem
Drivers of DAS (Vertical Markets)
DAS C
Case St
Study
d
DAS Engineering Basics
Best Practices
Q&A
About Connectivity Wireless
CONNECTING EVERYONE, EVERYWHERE
Headquartered in Georgia
Nationwide service
Services focus on Distributed Antenna Systems
Proven service delivery model
Founded in 2008 by wireless industry veterans
2,500+ DAS solutions deployed
2,500
More than 100+ talented team members
Technology neutral
Degreed engineers, certified project managers and
technicians
More than 100 million square feet of DAS coverage
installed since 2012
Single or multi-service systems
What is a DAS?
Distributed Antenna System
What is a DAS?
A distributed antenna system, or DAS, is a network
of spatially separated antenna nodes connected to
a common transport mediumtypically coax or
fiber-optic cablethat provides wireless service
within an area, building or structure.
The DAS can be driven by a direct connection to a
p
/ g
radio base station of an off-air repeater/signal
booster.
Why DAS? To extend cellular and public safety
coverage and capacity to the inside of buildings.
DAS: How it Works
Donor
Antenna
In-building
In
building
Antennas
C
Coax
Public Safety
Donor Site
Coax
Cabling
Fiber Distribution
Remote Unit
Fiber
Distribution
Head- End
Equipment
Bi-directional
A lifi or R
Amplifier
Repeater
t
Fiber
Cabling
Head-end
Equipment Room
Cellular
Signal
Source
Simple Comparison of Types of IBW Systems
Feature
Passive DAS
Active DAS
Pico/Femto
Coverage and capacity
Coverage and capacity
Coverage and capacity
1-3 weeks
1-3 weeks
Few days
Carrier
Multi
Multi
Single
Band
Multi
Multi
Single
Scalability
Limited due to absence of
active electronics
Fully scalable
Limited by handover
End Use
Med-large
Med
large buildings
buildings, 100K
-500K sq. ft.)
Very large buildings 100K-1
100K 1
million sq. ft.
Small/medium, residential
Small/medium
and SOHO
Coverage vs. Capacity
Installation
Wireless Industry Trends
In-building Wireless (IBW)
DAS Market Today
Wireless services driven by data, multimedia and voice
Businesses running operations on smartphones
smartphones, tablets and aircards
80% of voice calls and 90% of data usage is indoors
Commercial customers need coverage for multiple carriers and
neutral-host environments- BYOD IT Strategy being implemented
DAS a necessity for businesses and their customers
Carriers are more challenged selling single-carrier DAS
Businesses
B i
are b
budgeting
d i ffor DAS
Wireless by the Numbers 2013
*Strong, continued growth in wireless usage, particularly data and multimedia services
Mobile data traffic was 1.5 Exabytes per month in 2013, the equivalent of 372 million DVDs each
month or 4,100 million text messages each second
Global mobile data traffic grew 81 percent last year
321.7 million subscriber connections (17% increase)
101% of US population uses wireless; 34% are wireless-only households
2.27 trillion SMS sent/received (9% increase)
56.6 billion MMS sent/received (64% increase)
Data traffic on wireless networks exceeds 1.1 trillion megabytes 104% increase over previous 12 mo.)
78.2 million active smartphones (57% increase)
270 million data-capable devices (5.3% increase)
Wireless
l
enabled
bl d tablets,
bl
llaptops and
d modems:
d
13.6 million (14.2% increase)
$68.3 billion in wireless data revenue or (38% of total revenue)
*Sources: CTIA Semi-Annual Surveys and Cisco VNI
DAS Market Tomorrow This is Next
Globally, mobile data traffic will reach 15.9 Exabytes per month by 2018, the equivalent of 3,965 million DVDs each month
or 43,709 million text messages each second
By 2018, 57 percent of IP traffic and 52 percent of consumer Internet traffic will originate from non-PC devices, up from 33
percent IP traffic and 15 percent consumer internet traffic in 2013.
Mobile traffic per user will reach 3,049 megabytes per month by 2018, up from 356 megabytes per month in 2013, a CAGR
of 54%.
Global IP traffic by device
Considering this rapid growth, ABI Research
predicts that DAS will be the most prevalent
between 2014 and 2019, accounting for more
than 60% of the in
building wireless market
in-building
DAS for Public Safety
Mandates for radio service for public safety
ICC & NFPA codes mandate first
first-responder
responder coverage
150+ local municipalities now mandate
public safety coverage inside large buildings
Indoor cellular/PCS service required for
E911 location
700 & 800 MHz bands allocated for fire and police
p
400,000 E911 calls per day (CTIA Semi-Annual Survey, Jan-June 2012)
According the FCC, 70% of E911 calls are made from
wireless
i l phones
h
Players in the Value Chain
The DAS Ecosystem
The Players in the DAS Ecosystem
DAS
OEMs
Wireless
Carriers
Consultants
A&E Firms
DAS
Integrator
E d
End-user
Customer
Cable
Contractors
Distribution
Roles in the Ecosystem
Customer
Drives demand for DAS
DAS OEMs
Manufactures the DAS components. Supports the integrators with
product training.
Wireless Carriers
Set the design standards. Provides the RF source. Participates in funding.
Distributors
Supplies
pp
inventoryy locally.
y Facilitates local trainingg and education. Works
with partners to generate opportunities.
Cable Contractors
Installs DAS cable infrastructure. Leverages their GC/end-user
relationships.
Consultants and A&E Firms
Educates the end-user and GC. Develops and publishes the bid spec.
Evaluates bid responses.
DAS Integrators
Interfaces with all ecosystem players to ensure successful deployment of
g implements
p
and supports
pp
the DAS. Coordinates carrier
the DAS. Designs,
funding and integration.
Ownership Models
Carrier
100% funded and
operated by carrier
Neutral-Host
Typically
T i ll single
i l carrier
i
100% funded and
operated by
independent third party
(i e tower company)
(i.e.,
Carriers may form
consortium
Owner leases space
back to the carriers
Neutral-host approach
remains untested
Neutral-host
Landlord
Funded by building
owner
Deployed
D l d and
d operated
t d
by DAS integrator
Carriers/3rd
/
p
parties mayy
partially fund
Multi-carrier
Drivers of DAS
Vertical Markets
Candidates for DAS
Offices/Corporate Campus
Retail/Shopping Malls
Healthcare/Hospitals
Airports/Train Stations
Manufacturing/Industrial
Hotels/Casinos/Convention Centers
Sports Venues/Stadiums
University Campuses
Government/Municipalities
Low E Glass
Low E Glass reflects or absorbs IR light (heat energy) AND radio waves, causing major inbuilding wireless coverage problems.
Drivers in Healthcare
78% of Americans expressed interest in mobile health (Harris Interactive & CTIA)
In 2013, mobile health monitoring was one of the 10 most popular mobile
applications (Gartner Research)
Clinicians are early adopters of wireless devices like smartphones and tablets
Approximately 80% of physicians currently use smartphones, with that number
expected to grow in the coming years
Mobile access to patients electronic medical records (EMR)
Mobile monitoring of patient vitals, lab results,
imaging exams, etc.
Ubiquitous RF radio communications coverage for
first responders to ensure public safety
(police, fire and EMS)
Drivers in Hospitality
Unlike a university or hospital, hotel or casino customers can
stay/go elsewhere if they experience poor cellular coverage
Travelers reliant on smartphones and data cards
Customer satisfaction and retention is driving DAS in the
hospitality sector
A meeting planner that books a conference at a hotel with
poor cellular coverage will only make that mistake once
Resort properties
How many people
l turn-off
ff their
h Blackberry
l kb
or iPhones
h
when
h
theyre on a short vacation? What corner of the property gets
coverage?
Similar to higher-education, hotel Wi-Fi deployment is likely a
l di iindicator
leading
di t ffor ffuture
t
DAS deployments
d l
t
Drivers in Higher Education
First-responders need reliable 2-way radio coverage in
all buildings, tunnels, basements, etc.
Student and faculty multi-carrier cell phone coverage is
a matter of convenience and safety
Demand for coverage in stadiums
Parents want instant access to their kids
Students use wireless as primary mode of voice and
data communications
Colleges/universities are decommissioning land lines in
d
dorms
and
db
buildings
ildi
32% of wireless users are wireless-only (no landlines)
Drivers in Public Venues
Stadiums, conference centers, malls and public transportation
hubs have too many users trying to access the wireless
network
at the same time
Large concentrations of people cause poor service, dropped
calls
Density of users affects venue directly AND wireless coverage
and capacity in the surrounding areas
Wireless network must support public safety and
communications for security personnel
Carriers eager to fund DAS in these venues to offload traffic
from macro network
DAS in Action
Case Studies
Turner Field Atlanta, Ga.
Challenge:
Fans, drivers on adjacent freeways and subscribers in surrounding areas could
not make calls due to coverage and capacity issues
Solution:
DAS network covers 800,000 sq. ft. to serve stadium holding up to 50,096 fans
DAS extends coverage to entire facility: upper/lower deck seating, all back-ofhouse area, locker rooms, press areas, concession stands and parking
6 sectors, expandable to 14
Collaborated with Andrew/CommScope on design and installed the complete
system
Met aggressive three-month deployment timeline with two, twelve-man crews
working 24 hours for the last month before go-live on opening day in April 2010
Designed to -65 dBm to overcome the existing macro network and ensure
coverage throughout
Service Provider: AT&T 2G and 3G service
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Challenge:
University of Iowas campus is the second largest city in Iowa and was challenged with
wireless coverage and capacity issues
Physicians clinical and administrative staff demanded wireless coverage throughout
Physicians,
facility for cellular voice, data and healthcare applications to support delivery of highquality patient care services
Solution:
DAS network provides 95% coverage for 13 buildings and approximately 3 million square
feet
SOLiD DAS equipment utilized
DAS supports 700/800/900/1900/2100 MHz spectrum
Service Providers Supported: AT&T, Verizon, US Cellular, Sprint
Over 90,000 feet of coaxial cable with more than 60,000 feet of 12/48 strand SM fiber
135 remote units with 870 in-building wireless antennas
I
Installation
ll i time
i
fframe 12 months
h
Administrators plan to expand the DAS to other areas of campus
Waldorf Astoria Orlando and
Hilton
o Orlando
O a do Bonnet
o e Creek
ee
Challenge:
Needed to ensure reliable coverage for cell phones,
smartphones/iPhones and aircards for guests and road warriors
at new premium Waldorf Astoria and adjacent Hilton brand
property
Solution:
DAS network covers two hotels with 1,000 rooms and suites on
482 acres of woodlands an waterways
Reliable broadband wireless coverage for common areas,
restaurants shops and meeting spaces
restaurants,
Met aggressive 3-month deployment timeline with two, 12man crews working 24 hours for the last month before go-live
on opening day in April 2010
Full-service,
Full service turnkey solution including planning
planning, design
design, carrier
coordination, and installation
Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and Verizon
Athens Regional Medical Center
Challenge:
Physicians, clinical and administrative staff demanded
wireless
i l
coverage th
throughout
h t ffacility
ilit ffor cellular
ll l voice,
i d
data
t
and healthcare applications to support delivery of highquality patient care services
Solution:
DAS network covers 500,000 sq. ft. to serve most of the
buildings on campus; additional buildings to follow
DAS extends coverage most of the buildings and work areas
including main hospital, emergency department and parking
structures
five
five-month
month deployment timeline
Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint and Verizon
Daytona International Speedway
DAS Application
Installed for leading neutral host provider to support full
MIMO - Verizon Wireless and AT&T
22 million+ square foot speedway
Covers all indoor suite and outdoor areas of the facility
SOLiD
65 low power Alliance ROUs & 14 high power Titan ROUs
Efficient technology for this particular application
More than 80,000 feet of coaxial cable and 40,000 feet of 12
strand fiber
76 Omni and 156 oDAS Panel Antennas
Daytona International Speedway
Installation Photos
DAS Case Study: Tampa Convention Center &
Raymond
y
James Stadium
DAS Engineering Basics
Distributed Antenna Systems
The DAS Life Cycle
Why is Indoor Coverage Poor?
The building is acting as an RF shield
Fortified construction: hospitals, government buildings, etc.
Highly
g y tinted windows: energy-efficient,
gy
, green
g
buildingg efforts
Lack of coverage in below grade floors
Elevators and center areas of the building
High
g rise buildings
g ((typically
yp
y more than 15 floors))
High levels of RF interference from cell towers degrade service
Lower level and below-grade floors are often shadowed from towers (roof tops)
The buildingg is blocked from the tower byy other buildings
g
The WSP/PS Network Cell Site Tower is too far away
Some WSP tower locations may be closer than others
New technologies are being broadcast on higher frequencies
Is a Coverage System Required?
Wireless Service Provider (WSP) Commercial Services
Is there often less than 3 BARS on a phone?
Do people complain about poor cellular coverage indoors?
Do people need to stand next to a window to make a call?
D
Does
th
the owner wantt tto guarantee
t ffullll coverage??
Public Safetyy Services (police,
(p
, fire,, rescue))
Does the city have a first-responder in-building coverage ordinance?
Do first responders complain about poor 2-way radio coverage?
Is there coverage in the stairwells and elevators?
Do you have liability concerns?
DAS System Configurations
Passive DAS - Coax used to distribute RF signals
Only active component BDA/Repeater/Small Cell
Ideal
Id l solution
l ti ffor smaller
ll venues <150K
150K sq. ft.
ft
Limited growth or expansion capability
Parallel systems required for carrier and public safety
Do
D nott ttypically
i ll offload
ffl d th
the carriers
i macro network
t
k
Active DAS - Adds RF FO conversion, fiber, and distributed amplifiers
Commonly driven by cell site base stations
Scalable Single to multi-band/operator installations
Cost-effective multi-carrier coverage over 150,000 sq. ft.
Flexible for growth and expansion
One system for cellular carriers and 700/800/900 public safety
Offloads the carriers macro network if driven by BTS sources
Public Safety
NFPA Guidelines
NFPA 72 2010
Issued
I
d iin A
Aprilil off 2009
Only applicable if the municipality adopts this portion of the code
Require Public Safety coverage inside facilities
Fire, Police, First Responders
No building size is identified defines coverage
If the municipality adopts the codes - it would be enforceable for new buildings and major
renovations
Includes discussion on retransmission agreements
Public Safety officials want permission before rebroadcasting
Poor designs can harm coverage
Public Safety
99% coverage in critical areas include command center, elevator
lobbies, and exit stairs
90% coverage for remaining areas
Component enclosures in NEMA 4/4X type enclosure
Repeater equipment shall be FCC approved and certification
UPS requirements
Primary is dedicated branch circuit
Secondary is 12-hour battery backup
Annual
A
l ttesting
ti required
i d ffor active
ti components
t and
d system
t
The Correct Tools are Critical for Success
Site Surveys and Needs Analysis
iBwave Mobile
Si l G
Signal
Generators
t
Spectrum Analyzers
ZK Cell Test, Agilent, and/or SeeGull Ambient Signal Testers
Design
iBwave (equipment layout and propagation analysis)
AutoCAD (for construction drawing sets)
Commissioning
iOLM or similar OTDR test equipment
Spectrum Analyzers
Signal Generators
JDSU and/or PCTEL software
Coverage Needs Analysis
Coverage Needs Analysis
Two main factors that demonstrate signal:
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
Measured in dBm
-85 dBm is the typical threshold
Lower dBm ( e.g.
e g -95
95 dBm) = lower signal
No longer is -85 dBm a standard in the carrier world Todays DAS built on
Dominance
Quality
Typically a Signal to Noise based ratio Ec/Io, SQE, C/I
Thresholds vary per service provider
Noisy
N i room example
l (hi
(high
h rise)
i )
Coverage Needs Analysis
Methodology
+
Measure multiple service providers and technologies
Test signals are used to determine internal wall losses and
propagation characteristics
Log data layer on top of floor plan layer
Analyze log data with indoor mapping analysis software
Data is collected and post-processed
RSSI , RSRP, SQE and Quality
Overlay of floor plans
DAS enhancement recommendations are provided based on data
Public Safety Spectrum Analyzer Methods
Coverage Needs Analysis
University of
Iowa
Benchmark
Campus
Drive
All Reports
PDFs
PDF
Raw Data
Site Survey
Construction Site Survey
Equipment Room (ER Identification)
RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators
Interior wall materials
Concrete vs. drywall
Ceiling heights and type
Drop-tile or hard ceiling
Cable pathways
Vertical chases
Horizontal cabling supports
(conduit, cable trays, J-hooks, etc.)
Existing RF systems
Power and Wall Space
MDF and IDF locations
Site Survey
Site Survey
Spectrum Analyzer
A
Ref Level :
-30.0
30 0
-30
M1: -97.46 dBm @ 899.0 MHz
dB
dBm
dB / Div :
-40
10.0 dB
-50
-60
dBm
-70
-80
80
-90
-100
-110
-120
M1
-130
864.5
868.0
871.5
CF: 881.5 MHz
RBW: 30 kHz
Std:
Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli Sec
Date: 08/27/2009
Model: MS2711D
875.0
878.5 882.0 885.5 889.0 892.5 896.0
Frequency (864.0 - 899.0 MHz)
SPAN: 35.00 MHz
Attenuation: 1 dB
VBW: 10 kHz
Detection: Pos. Peak
Time: 07:33:24
Serial #: 00844195
Site Survey
RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators
Interior wall materials
Concrete vs. drywall
Ceiling heights and type
Drop-tile
Drop tile or hard ceiling
Purpose of building
Dense or open environment
Vertical chases
Between floors
Site Survey: Additional Questions
Existing RF systems
Roof Mount Area
Headend Equipment Room
Power and Wall Space
MDF and IDF locations
Type of cable fire vs. plenum
Head End Room Planning (BTS)
Space for wireless carrier Base Transceiver Stations (BTS)
Minimum of 200 square feet per wireless carrier
800 to 1,000
1 000 square feet to accommodate all carriers
Typically utilize existing MDF, but rooms can be retrofit to
accommodate head end equipment
Power requirements for the head-end room
100 to 150 Amps 208 VAC three phase per carrier
Environmental requirements for the head-end
2 tons HVAC per wireless carrier
Floor
Fl
LLoading
di
125 PSF for BTS equipment
In-building Design
Design
iBwave (RF-Vu + RF-Propagation) Industry standard software that predicts wireless
coverage for all major wireless technologies (LTE, CDMA, GSM, WiMAX, 802.11b/g/a) for a
variety
i t off DAS ttechnologies
h l i used
d tto produce:
d
Design Drawings highly detailed & accurate depiction of equipment placement including riser
diagrams and floor by floor layouts
Heat
Heat Maps color coded representation of predicted received RF levels
Bill of Materials Development determining accurate material quantities and types based
upon technical requirements and cost
Design
g Package
g Scope
p of Work,, Bill of Materials,, Link Budgets
g & Design
g Drawings
g
Design: Typical Frequencies & Technologies
AT&T
700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, GSM and UMTS)
Verizon
700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, CDMA and EVDO)
Spectrum Analyzer
A
Ref Level :
-30.0
-30
M1: -97.46 dBm @ 899.0 MHz
dBm
dB / Div :
-40
40
10.0 dB
Sprint PCS
800/1900 MHz (CDMA, LTE)
-60
-70
dBm
-50
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
M1
T-Mobile
1900/2100 (GSM and UMTS)
Public Safety
450/700/800 MHz
-130
864.5
868.0
871.5
CF: 881.5 MHz
RBW: 30 kHz
Std:
Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli Sec
Date: 08/27/2009
Model: MS2711D
875.0
878.5
882.0
885.5
889.0
Frequency (864.0 - 899.0 MHz)
SPAN: 35.00 MHz
VBW: 10 kHz
Time: 07:33:24
Serial #: 00844195
892.5
896.0
Attenuation: 1 dB
Detection: Pos. Peak
Carriers and Wireless Frequencies
System Type
AT&T
Verizon
Sprint
Nextel
T-Mobile
GSM (Voice)
850, 1900
1900
EDGE (2G data)
850, 1900
1900
UMTS (3G data)
850, 1900
2100
HSDPA (3G)
850, 1900
2100
HSUPA (3G+)
850, 1900
2100
Metro PCS
Cricket
2100
2100
Public
Safety
HSPA+ (3G++)
LTE (4G data)
700
700, 2100
Wi-Max (4G data)
1900 , 2600
2600
150, 450, 700,
800 900
800,
Public Safetyy
CDMA2000 (Voice)
850, 1900
800, 1900
1900
1900
EV-DO (3G data)
850, 1900
1900
1900
1900
700, 850,
1900, 2100
800, 900, 1900,
2100
2100, 1900
2100, 1900
Spectrum Owned
700, 800,
1900, 2100
2100, 1900
Design
We know the scope, carriers and donor signals
Now what?
Type of DAS
Coax vs. Fiber
Head End Location
Equipment manufacturers
CommScope, TE, Corning, JMA/Teko or SOLiD
What is PIM and Why is it Important?
PIM should be considered during the design phase
PIM = Passive Intermodulation
Spurious RF noise and 3rd order products that are difficult to detect
Exists when two or more signals are present in a passive device (coax
(coax,
connector) that exhibits a nonlinear response
Carriers are requiring PIM-rated
PIM rated components
Rigorous field test procedure to ensure DAS PIM levels meet carrier
p
specifications
Design: Link Budget
Design: Keys to Link Budget
Power output at repeater or fiber remote
# of channels per service provider
Splitter and cable loss
Free Space Path Loss
# of wall penetrations
Fade Margin
U link
Use
li k b
budget
d
as guide
id ffor RF d
design
i
Design: Link Budget
Design: Clutter Loss
3D Model
Prediction and Propagation
Floor Plan Layout
Logical Design
Design: Wireless Thresholds
Old World
-85
85 dBm mobile RSSI over 90-95%
90 95% of the area for voice
technologies
-70 dBm for data centric technologies (EVDO, LTE, etc.)
New World
6 8 dB stronger than the macro network
6-8
coverage bleeding into the building
Applies to 700/800/850/900/1900/2100 MHz
Typical
yp
radius can varyy from 50 ft. in dense environments to 100+ ft in open
p
areas
Limiting technology/frequency determines design
MIMO or SISO?
Leading DAS Equipment OEMs
Installation
Distributed Antenna Systems
Installation Photos United Center
United Center is a neutral host DAS recently installed by Connectivity Wireless
Installation Potential Assumptions
No core boring is required to properly install this distributed antenna
system.
End-user will allow use of existing 110 VAC for all DAS equipment. Any
b k
back-up
power (UPS or generators)) will
ill b
be provided
id d b
by the
h customer
or the end-user.
If Carrier
C i FFunded/Neutral
d d/N t l H
Hostt DC power plants
l t utilized
tili d and
d will
ill nott
use existing AC Power in the IDFs
EEnd-user
d
will
ill allow
ll use off allll existing
i ti cable
bl ttrays and
d other
th cabling
bli
support structures (J-Hooks, etc.)
Installation Potential Assumptions
Customer/end-user has secured landlord and all other
necessary approvals
l prior to installation.
ll
An existing roof penetration is available for donor antenna
cabling. In the event that rooftop cabling cannot utilize
existing penetrations, the owner of the roof system
warranty must create an additional penetration.
What Typically gets Installed with a DAS?
Base Stations Head-end radio equipment, provided by the wireless carriers, that provides the
RF signal source to drive the DAS
Fiber Head
Head-End
End Converts the RF signal to RF-over-fiber
RF over fiber (RFoF)
(RFoF), then transmits the signal via
single-mode fiber-optic cable to the fiber remote unit
Multi-band Remote Unit Converts the RFoF transmission back to an RF signal, which is then
transmitted down coax cable to the coverage antenna
Fiber Optic Cable Transports the converted RF signals from the head-end equipment to the
remote units
Plenum Cable Transports
p
the RF signals
g
from the fiber remote unitto the coverage
g antenna
Splitter Splits the RF signals, which is then delivered to multiple inputs/elements
Coverage
g Antennas emits multi-band RF signals
g
to the coverage
g area
Donor Antenna
General Specifications
yp
Antenna Type
Directional
Operating Frequency Band
1710 2700 MHz | 698 960 MHz
Brand
Cell-Max
Color
White
Interface
7-16 DIN Female
Package Quantity
Radome Color
White
Radome Material
PVC, UV resistant
Donor Antenna
General Specifications
Antenna Type
Includes
Yagi
V-bolts
806 869 MHz
Operating Frequency Band
Electrical Specifications
Frequency Band, MHz
806869
Beamwidth, Horizontal, degrees
60
Gain, dBd
10.0
Gain, dBi
12.1
Beamwidth, Vertical, degrees
30.0
Beam Tilt, degrees
Front-to-Back Ratio at 180, dB
15
VSWR | Return Loss, db
1.5:1 | 14.0
Input Power, maximum, watts
150
Polarization
Vertical
Impedance, ohms
Lightning Protection
50
dc Ground
Omni Coverage Antenna
General Specifications
Antenna Type
Omnidirectional
Operating Frequency Band
698 2700 MHz
Brand
Color
Interface
TRU-Omni R727
White
N Female
Mounting
Recess Mounting in Non-Metallic Ceiling Tile
Pigtaill Cable
bl
Included,
l d d Plenum
l
Rated
d
Radome Color
White
Radome Material
ABS
Coax Plenum Distribution Cable
Construction Materials
Jacket Material
PVC
Dielectric Material
PE spline
Flexibility
Standard
Inner Conductor Material
Copper-clad aluminum wire
Jacket Color
Off white
Outer Conductor Material
Corrugated aluminum
Dimensions
Nominal Size
1/2 in
Cable Weight
0.21 kg/m | 0.14 lb/ft
Electrical Specifications
Cable Impedance
50 ohm 2 ohm
Capacitance
76.0 pF/m | 23.0 pF/ft
Operating Frequency Band
1 8800 MHz
Peak Power
40.0 kW
Power Attenuation
2.325
Splitter
General Specifications
Device Type
Interface
C l
Color
Splitter
N Female
Bl k
Black
Electrical Specifications
Operating Frequency
Band
698 2700 MHz
Average Power,
maximum
50 W
Dissipative Loss at
q
y Band
Frequency
0.3 dB @ 6982500 MHz | 0.4 dB @ 25002700 MHz
Impedance
50 ohm
Insertion Loss at
Frequency Band
0.3 dB @ 6982500 MHz | 0.4 dB @ 25002700 MHz
Return Loss
Split Loss
VSWR
20.8 dB
3.0 dB
1.2:1
Coupler
General Specifications
Device Type
Interface
C l
Color
Coupler
N Female
Bl k
Black
Electrical Specifications
Operating Frequency Band
698 2700 MHz
3rd Order IMD
-140 dBc (relative to carrier)
3rd Order IMD Test Method
Two +43 dBm carriers
Average Power, maximum
200 W
Coupling
10 0 dB
10.0
Coupling Tolerance
1.0 dB
Impedance
50 ohm
Peak Power, maximum
1 kW
Reflected Power, maximum
100 W
Return Loss
VSWR
20.8 dB
1.2:1
12-Fiber Plenum Single-Mode Distribution Cable
General Specifications
Cable Type
Distribution
Construction Type
Armored
Subunit Type
Gel-free
Construction Materials
Fiber Type Solution
Total Fiber Quantity
TeraSPEED, zero water peak single-mode fiber
12 General Specifications
Fiber Type
TeraSPEED, zero water peak single-mode fiber
Fiber Type, quantity
12
Jacket Color
Yellow
Dimensions
Cable Weight
101.0 lb/kft | 151.0 kg/km
Diameter Over Jacket
12.80 mm | 0.50 in
Repeater/BDA
Universal Multi-Operator/Multi-Band Class A Off-Air Boosters Platform
Supports up to 7 different frequency bands
Incrementally expandable through scalable architecture
Supports public safety and commercial technologies
Advance Digital Signal Processing
Supports mix band-segment & channel selective configurations
Filter characteristics set locally & remotely changeable on the fly
Fiber Head-End
Fiber optics enables:
Wide bandwidth to support multiple
wireless carriers
Long distance with minimal loss
Minimum design and installation costs
Uniform signal strength throughout the
building
Flexibility for future evolution
Modular architecture enables scalable investment and flexible
configuration
Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Andrew
Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint,
AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc.
Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800
MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900
MHz in a single cabinet
Only two optical fibers required to support all
frequency bands
All frequency bands combined to a single
antenna connector
External RF splitters
p
mayy be used to support
pp multiple
p
antennas for the greatest flexibility
AC or DC mains power
Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Corning
Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint,
AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc.
Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800
MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900
MHz in a single cabinet
Only two optical fibers required to support all
frequency bands
All frequency bands combined to a single
antenna connector
External RF splitters
p
mayy be used to support
pp multiple
p
antennas for the greatest flexibility
AC or DC mains power
Commissioning
Coaxial cable and fiber testing
Coaxial cable sweeps
Fiber iOLM/OTDR results
Active component commissioning
Baseline noise floor measurement
CW testing
Fiber DAS commissioning
Uplink / Downlink testing
Additive noise calculation and testing
Wireless service provider turn-up
turn up
RF validation testing
Wireless carrier specific checklists
Maintenance Services
Preventive Maintenance Routines
Quarterly, semi-Annual, or annual
Cable sweeps and OTDR testing
Comparison of baseline RF to current RF environment
Equipment inventorying and labeling
Update as-built documentation
Response & Repair
24x7x365
Customized SLAs and maintenance contracts
Regular Updates
System Monitoring
Ticket received, in-route, on-site, problem isolated, problem fixed
Monitor In
In-Building
Building DAS elements from all vendors
System impairment communication management
Personnel dispatch
24x7x365
Customized monitoring contracts
Demand Drivers
Mandated by public safety code
Often critical/required for carrier approval
Carrier Coordination
Repeater VS BTS
The Cellular Repeater Is it Dead?
As carriers require higher levels of dependability and
capacity
New technology can no longer be driven over the air
Carrier Coordination is a full time job
If you are part time in DAS you will be full time in coordination
Typical Carrier RF Sources
Bidirectional Amplifier (BDA)
Also called signal booster or repeater
Small footprint,
p , low power
p
usage
g
Repeats over the air donor signal from neighboring sites
Wireless carriers beginning to throttle back usage
Use Case: 1 to 50 wireless devices per carrier, depends on location
Enterprise Femtocell (E-Femto)
Small footprint, low power usage
Utilizes enterprise customer or other internet connection
Wireless carriers beginning to increase deployment
Use Case: 1 to 150 wireless devices per carrier
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
A cell site built in a secure room such as an MDF
Typically installed in a rack configuration
Typically utilizes T-1 provided by carriers back to their switch
Carrier Coordination
Necessary to obtain permission from wireless service providers
Purchased frequencies from FCC/US Government
Re-transmission agreements
Repeaters
p
or microcell
Potential RF issues generated
Noise floor, oscillation, frequency-specific, etc
Carrier monitoring/database
Public Safety
Carrier Coordination
The Federal Communications Commission released a new order for use of Enterprise DAS amplifiers
(repeaters or signal boosters)
February 20th, 2013, FCC Report and Order 13-21
Maintains that signal boosters require an FCC license or express licensee consent to install in commercial
and industrial space
The authorization process ensures that devices are operated only by licensees or with licensee consent
and are adequately labeled to avoid misuse by consumers
Wireless Carrier Coordination
Wireless carrier coordination is critical to the success of the DAS project
Q&A
Thank you!
Contact
Bryce Bregen
VP off Sales
S l and
dM
Marketing
k ti
bbregen@[Link]
Tyler Boyd
Nationwide Performance Engineer
tboyd@[Link]
2707 Main Street, Suite 1
Duluth, GA 30096
678.584.5799