TUM School of Management
Production and Supply Chain Management
Prof Martin Grunow
Technische Universitt Mnchen
Quality Engineering & Management
Session 3.1: The Normal Distribution
Dr. Holly Ott
Production and Supply Chain Management
Chair: Prof. Martin Grunow
TUM School of Management
Holly Ott
Quality Engineering & Management Module 3
TUM School of Management
Production and Supply Chain Management
Prof Martin Grunow
Technische Universitt Mnchen
Learning Objectives
Discuss the Normal probability distribution for continuous random
variables, the context in which it is useful, and its important
characteristics.
Use the standard normal distribution table to calculate population
proportions.
Perform the transformation of any normally distributed random
variables to the standard normal and calculate population
proportions.
Understand the effect of centering a process and reducing the
variability of a process
Holly Ott
Quality Engineering & Management Module 3
TUM School of Management
Production and Supply Chain Management
Prof Martin Grunow
Technische Universitt Mnchen
The Normal Distribution
A random variable X is said to have the normal distribution with
parameters and 2, if its probability density function is given by:
1
f (x ) =
e
2
1 x 2
, < x < , > 0
X ~ N(,2)
2012 from "A First Course in Quality Engineering: Integrating Statistical
and Management Methods of Quality" by K.S. Krishnamoorthi. Reproduced
by permission of Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, a division of Informa plc.
Holly Ott
Quality Engineering & Management Module 3
TUM School of Management
Production and Supply Chain Management
Prof Martin Grunow
Holly Ott
Technische Universitt Mnchen
Quality Engineering & Management Module 3
TUM School of Management
Production and Supply Chain Management
Prof Martin Grunow
Technische Universitt Mnchen
The Normal Distribution
f(x)
1. It is asymptotic with respect to
the x-axis
2. It is symmetric with respect to
a vertical line at x =
3. The maximum value of f(x)
occurs at x =
x
The graph of the normal pdf.
4. The two points of inflexion
occur at distances on each
side of
2012 from "A First Course in Quality Engineering: Integrating Statistical
and Management Methods of Quality" by K.S. Krishnamoorthi. Reproduced
by permission of Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, a division of Informa plc.
Holly Ott
Quality Engineering & Management Module 3
TUM School of Management
Production and Supply Chain Management
Prof Martin Grunow
Technische Universitt Mnchen
The Normal Distribution
f(x)
x
Holly Ott
Quality Engineering & Management Module 3
TUM School of Management
Production and Supply Chain Management
Prof Martin Grunow
Technische Universitt Mnchen
Practice
If you are interested, you can now watch a
video of a normally distributed variable.
Then continue to the next Lecture 3-1-2.
Holly Ott
Quality Engineering & Management Module 3