An Interactive Introduction to LATEX

Part 3: Not Just Papers: Presentations & More

Dr John D. Lees-Miller

May 1, 2013

writeLATEX

LATEX Recap
I

You write your document in plain text with commands that

describe its structure and meaning.

The latex program processes your text and commands to

produce a beautifully formatted document.

The rain in Spain falls \emph{mainly} on the plain.

latex
The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain.

LATEX Recap: Commands & Arguments

.

A command starts with a backslash

Some commands take an argument in curly braces

Some commands also take optional arguments in square

brackets [ ] .

\includegraphics[
width=0.5\textwidth]{big_chick}
\includegraphics[
width=0.3\textwidth,
angle=270]{big_chick}

LATEX Recap: Environments

The \begin and \end commands are used to create many

different environments contexts.

The itemize and enumerate environments make lists.

\begin{itemize} % for bullet points
\item Biscuits
\item Tea
\end{itemize}
\begin{enumerate} % for numbers
\item Biscuits
\item Tea
\end{enumerate}

Biscuits

Tea

1. Biscuits
2. Tea

LATEX Recap: Mathematics

I

The equation environment makes a numbered equation.

\begin{equation}
\sum_{k=1}^{n} \frac{1}{2^k}
\end{equation}

Use dollar signs

n
X
1
k
2
k=1

(1)

to mark mathematics in text.

% not so good:
Let a and b be distinct positive
integers, and let c = a - b + 1.

Let a and b be distinct

positive integers, and let c
= a - b + 1.

% much better:
Let $a$ and $b$ be distinct positive
integers, and let $c = a - b + 1$.

Let a and b be distinct

positive integers, and let
c = a b + 1.

Always use dollar signs in pairs one to begin the

mathematics, and one to end it.
In fact, we could have written $...$ as \begin{math}...\end{math}.

LATEX Recap: Document Structure

I

Starts with the \documentclass what type of document.

Metadata (\title and \author) and packages in the preamble.

Content between \begin{document} and \end{document}.

The \maketitle command creates the title; \section commands

create numbered sections.

\documentclass{article}
% preamble
\title{The Title}
\author{A. Author}
\begin{document}
% body
\maketitle
\section{Introduction}
In this paper we \ldots
\end{document}

The Title
A. Author
April 30, 2013

Introduction

In this paper we . . .

LATEX Recap: Exercise

1. Here is the text for a short article:1
Click to open this exercise in writeLATEX
2. Add LATEX commands to the text to make it look like this one:
Click to open the model document

Hints
I

Use the enumerate and itemize environments for lists.

To typeset a

To typeset the equation, use \frac for the fraction and the
\left( and \right) commands for the parentheses.

Based on [Link]

percent sign, escape it with a backslash (\%).

Presentations with beamer

I

Beamer is a package for creating presentations (such as this

one!) in LATEX.

It provides the beamer document class.

Use the frame environment to create slides.

\documentclass{beamer}
\title{Welcome to Beamer}
\author{You}
\institute{Where Youre From}
\date{Date of Presentation}

Welcome to Beamer
You

\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\titlepage % beamers \maketitle
\end{frame}
\end{document}

Where Youre From

Date of Presentation

Presentations with beamer: Following Along

As we go through the following slides, try out the examples by

typing them into the example document on writeLATEX.
Click to open the example document in writeLATEX

Presentations with beamer: Frames

Use \frametitle to give the frame a title.

Then add content to the frame.

The source for this frame looks like:

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Presentations with beamer: Frames}
\begin{itemize}
\item Use \texttt{frametitle} to give the frame a title.
\item Then add content to the frame.
\item The source for this frame looks like ...
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

Presentations with beamer: Sections

You can use \sections to group your frames, and beamer

will use them to create an automatic outline.

To generate an outline, use the \tableofcontents

command. Heres one for this presentation. The
currentsection option highlights the current section.
LATEX Recap
Presentations with beamer
\tableofcontents[currentsection]

Drawings with TikZ

Notes with todonotes
Spreadsheets with
spreadtab

Presentations with beamer: Multiple Columns

Use the columns and

column environments
to break the slide into
columns.

The argument for

each column
determines its width.

See also the

multicol package,
which automatically
breaks your content
into columns.

\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{0.4\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Use the columns ...
\item The argument ...
\item See also the ...
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.6\textwidth}
% second column
\end{column}
\end{columns}

Presentations with beamer: Highlights

Use \emph or \alert to highlight:

I should \emph{emphasise} that
this is an \alert{important} point.

Or specify bold face or italics:

Text in \textbf{bold face}.
Text in \textit{italics}.

Text in bold face. Text in

italics.

Or specify a color (American spelling):

It \textcolor{red}{stops}
and \textcolor{green}{starts}.

I should emphasise that this

is an important point.

It stops and starts.

See [Link]
[Link] for more colors & custom colors.

Presentations with beamer: Figures

Use \includegraphics from the graphicx package.

The figure environment centers by default, in beamer.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[
width=0.5\textwidth]{big_chick}
\end{figure}

Presentations with beamer: Tables

I

Tables in LATEX take some getting used to.

Use the tabular environment from the tabularx package.

The argument specifies column alignment left, right, right.

\begin{tabular}{lrr}
Item
& Qty & Unit \$
Widget & 1
& 199.99
Gadget & 2
& 399.99
Cable & 3
& 19.99
\end{tabular}
I

\\
\\
\\
\\

Qty
1
2
3

Unit $
199.99
399.99
19.99

It also specifies vertical lines; use \hline for horizontal lines.

\begin{tabular}{|l|r|r|} \hline
Item
& Qty & Unit \$ \\\hline
Widget & 1
& 199.99 \\
Gadget & 2
& 399.99 \\
Cable & 3
& 19.99
\\\hline
\end{tabular}

Item
Widget
Gadget
Cable

Item
Widget
Gadget
Cable

Qty
1
2
3

Unit $
199.99
399.99
19.99

Use an ampersand & to separate columns and a double

backslash \ \ to start a new row.

Presentations with beamer: Blocks

A block environment makes a titled box.

\begin{block}{Interesting Fact}
This is important.
\end{block}
\begin{alertblock}{Cautionary Tale}
This is really important!
\end{alertblock}

Interesting Fact
This is important.

Cautionary Tale
This is really important!

How exactly they look depends on the theme. . .

Presentations with beamer: Themes

I

Customise the look of your presentation using themes.

See [Link]
index_by_theme.html for a large collection of themes.

\documentclass{beamer}
% or Warsaw, Bergen, Madrid, ...
\usetheme{Darmstadt}
% or albatross, beaver, crane, ...
\usecolortheme{beetle}

Theme Demo
John

\title{Theme Demo}
\author{John}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\titlepage
\end{frame}
\end{document}

April 28, 2013

Presentations with beamer: Animation

A frame can generate multiple slides.

Use the \pause command to show only part of a slide.

\begin{itemize}
\item Can you feel the
\pause \item anticipation?
\end{itemize}

Can you feel the

Presentations with beamer: Animation

A frame can generate multiple slides.

Use the \pause command to show only part of a slide.

\begin{itemize}
\item Can you feel the
\pause \item anticipation?
\end{itemize}

Can you feel the

anticipation?

There many more clever ways of making animations in

beamer; see also the \only, \alt, and \uncover commands.

Presentations with beamer: Exercise

Recreate Peter Norvigs excellent Gettysburg Powerpoint
Presentation in beamer.2
1. Open this exercise in writeLATEX:
Click to open this exercise in writeLATEX
2. Download this image to your computer and upload it to
writeLATEX via the files menu.
Click to download image
3. Add LATEX commands to the text to make it look like this one:
Click to open the model document

[Link]

Drawings with TikZ

I

TikZ is a package for drawing figures in LATEX.

It defines a powerful drawing language inside LATEX. Short

programs can draw surprisingly complicated things.

Well start with simple things. To draw a line in TikZ:

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (1,1); % a line
\end{tikzpicture}

Drawings with TikZ: Coordinates

I

The default coordinates are centimeters, with the usual sense:

(0, 3)

(3, 3)

(0, 0)

(3, 0)

It helps to draw a grid when you are working with TikZ:

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[help lines] (0,0) grid (3,3);
\end{tikzpicture}

Drawings with TikZ: Lines

Arrow heads and line styles are specified as options to the

\draw command.

End each draw command with a

semicolon.

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[help lines] (0,0) grid (3,3);
\draw[->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\draw[<->, thick] (2,1) -- (1,2);
\draw[<-, thick, dashed] (2,2)--(3,3);
\end{tikzpicture}

Drawings with TikZ: Paths

You can specify multiple points to form a path.

Arrows will appear only at the ends of the path.

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[help lines] (0,0) grid (3,3);
% axes:
\draw[<->, thick] (0,3)--(0,0)--(3,0);
% diamond:
\draw (1.5,0.5) -- (2.5,1.5) -(1.5,2.5) -- (0.5,1.5) -cycle; % close the path
\end{tikzpicture}

Drawings with TikZ: Colours

Colours are also specified as options to \draw.

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[help lines] (0,0) grid (3,3);
% axes
\draw[<->, thick, red]
(0,3)--(0,0)--(3,0);
% diamond
\draw[thick, blue, fill=yellow]
(1.5,0.5) -- (2.5,1.5) -(1.5,2.5) -- (0.5,1.5) -cycle;
\end{tikzpicture}

Drawings with TikZ: Shapes

TikZ has built-in commands for simple shapes.

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[help lines] (0,0) grid (3,3);
\draw (1.5,2.0) circle (0.5);
\draw (0.5,0.5) rectangle (2.5,1.5);
\end{tikzpicture}

Drawings with TikZ: Nodes & Labels

Use nodes to place text (and math) in TikZ drawings.

You can also use nodes as coordinates useful for diagrams.

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[help lines] (0,0) grid (3,3);
\node (h) at (0,0) {H};
\node (x) at (1.5,1.5) {$\xi$};
\node (t) at (3,0) {T};
\draw[->] (x) -- (h);
\draw[->] (x) -- (t);
\end{tikzpicture}

Drawings with TikZ: Functions

You can even plot some simple functions.

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
% y axis
\draw[<->, thick] (0,2) -- (0,-2);
% x axis
\draw[ ->, thick] (0,0) -- (7, 0);
% curves
\draw[cyan,domain=0:2*pi]
plot (\x, {sin(\x r)});
\draw[magenta,domain=0:2*pi]
plot (\x, {cos(\x r)});
\end{tikzpicture}

Drawings with TikZ: Examples

Check out [Link] for many TikZ examples:

Behavioural Domain

algorithms

Structural Domain

Systems
data
structures

Algorithms

Processors

Register transfers

Computer Science

theoretical

Logic

practical

Transfer functions
programming
languages

ALUs, RAM, etc.

Gates, flip-flops, etc.
Transistors
Transistor layout

software
engineering

technical

Cell layout
Module layout

applied

Floorplans
databases

Physical partitions
Physical Domain

WWW

Figure 1: Gajski-Kuhn Y-chart

Drawings with TikZ: Exercise

Draw this in TikZ:3

So it has come to this.

Based on [Link]

Notes with todonotes

I

The \todo command from the todonotes package is great

for leaving notes to yourself and your collaborators.
\todo{add results}
\todo[color=blue!20]{fix method}

add results
fix method

Pro Tip: define your own commands with \newcommand

\newcommand{\alice}[1]{\todo[color=green!40]{#1}}
\newcommand{\bob}[1]{\todo[color=purple!40]{#1}}

This can save a lot of typing:

\alice{add results}
\bob{fix method}

add results
fix method

Notes with todonotes

Only inline notes are

supported with
beamer, but margin
notes are supported
for normal
documents.
There is also a handy
\listoftodos
command.

Towards the Confusing Unification of Rasterization

and Local-Area Networks in State Machines
Alice Bob, Carol David, Edward Fredrick

Todo list
o
o
o
o

Are they polynomial time? . . . . . . .

Realize multicast access points? . . . .
Instead of controlling the forward-error
Phasellus libero ipsum, pellentesque sit

. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
correction?
amet, sem.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

1
1
1
1

Abstract
Rasterization and Smalltalk, while important in theory, have not until recently been considered important. Given the current status of wearable
methodologies, analysts clearly desire the refinement of IPv4. Purr, our
new heuristic for the producer-consumer problem [1], is the solution to all
of these problems.

Are they polynomial

time?
Realize multicast access points?

Introduction

Recent advances in certifiable symmetries and Bayesian technology synchronize in order to realize access points. This is a direct result of the construction of multicast algorithms. This is a direct result of the analysis of active
networks. The emulation of suffix trees would profoundly improve congestion control [4].
To our knowledge, our work in our research marks the first method
analyzed specifically for scalable [Link] interactive and permutable
methodologies use Smalltalk to measure the construction of the partition
table. The disadvantage of this type of method, however, is that hash tables
can be made real-time, cooperative, and reliable. Existing fuzzy and
concurrent algorithms use the evaluation of multicast frameworks to request
access points. On the other hand, distributed archetypes might not be the
1

Instead of controlling the forward-error

correction?
Phasellus libero ipsum,
pellentesque sit amet,
sem.

Spreadsheets with spreadtab

Now that youve seen how LATEX can replace Word and
PowerPoint, what about Excel?

Homework: try the spreadtab package !

Thanks, and happy TEXing!