RIVER VALLEY HIGH SCHOOL

YEAR 6 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

CANDIDATE
NAME

CLASS

CENTRE
NUMBER

INDEX
NUMBER

H2 CHEMISTRY

9647/02

Paper 2 Structured Questions

11 September 2012
2 hours

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

Additional Materials:

Data Booklet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, class, Centre number and index number on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all questions in the space provided.
A Data Booklet is provided. Do NOT write anything on it.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
For Examiners Use
Paper 2
Questio
n
Number

River Valley High School

Preliminary Examination 2012

9647/02/PRELIM/12

Total

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Marks

12

Paper 1

7
40

10

Paper 3

9
80

13

8
Total

72
192

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This document consists of 17 printed pages and 1 blank page.

Planning (P)
Calcium salts are used in many industrial processes. Calcium oxide is used
in the production of cement while calcium nitrate is sometimes used to
accelerate the setting of concrete.
Calcium oxide is a white hygroscopic solid. Calcium oxide can react with
water and as such can cause severe irritation when in contact with skin,
eyes or if inhaled.
Calcium nitrate is also a white hygroscopic solid. Calcium nitrate
decomposes on heating to form the oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen.
(a)

Write a balanced equation, including state symbols, for the thermal

decomposition of calcium nitrate.
.....................

(b)

[1]

Calculate the change in mass of the solid you would expect if 1.00 mol
of calcium nitrate underwent thermal decomposition.

[1]
(c)

A container of calcium nitrate was contaminated with calcium oxide.

Design an experiment to determine the percentage purity of calcium
nitrate by a gravimetric method. You are provided with about 2 g of the
impure calcium nitrate.
(In gravimetric methods, the objective is to form a thermally stable
solid so that the mass can be determined accurately for analysis.)
Your plan should include the following:

A full description of the procedure.

Details of how you would calculate the percentage purity from

the measurements made.

[Mr of Ca(NO3)2 = 164]

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Preliminary Examination 2012

9647/02/PRELIM/12

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(d)

[8]

State and explain clearly one precaution you would take to improve
the accuracy of your results.
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Preliminary Examination 2012

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[1]

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(e)

Identify one potential safety hazard in this experiment and state how
you would minimise the risk.
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[1]

[Total: 12]
2

Titanium(IV) oxide, TiO2, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium. It is the

main ingredient in sunscreen lotion due to its high refractive index and
strong UV-light absorbing capability.
(a)

Using the following information as well as relevant data from the Data
Booklet, draw a Born-Haber cycle for the formation of TiO 2(s) and
calculate the lattice energy of TiO2(s).
Standard enthalpy change of formation of TiO2(s)

945 kJ mol1

Standard enthalpy change of atomisation of Ti

+471 kJ mol1

1st electron affinity of oxygen

142 kJ mol1

2nd electron affinity of oxygen

+844 kJ mol1
[3]

River Valley High School

Preliminary Examination 2012

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(b)

Crude titanium(IV) oxide is purified via the Chloride process. In this

two-step process, the crude ore (containing at least 70% titanium(IV)
oxide) is first reacted with carbon and chlorine, represented by the
equation shown below.
TiO2(s) + C(s) + 2Cl2(g) TiCl4(l) + CO2(g)
Standard enthalpy change of formation of TiCl4(l)

804 kJ mol1

Standard enthalpy change of formation of CO2(g)

394 kJ mol1

Standard molar entropy of TiO2(s)

+49.9 J mol1 K1

Standard molar entropy of C(s)

+5.7 J mol1 K1

Standard molar entropy of Cl2(g)

+223 J mol1 K1

Standard molar entropy of TiCl4(l)

+252 J mol1 K1

Standard molar entropy of CO2(g)

+214 J mol1 K1

Using the above information, as well as relevant data from (a) and the
Data Booklet, calculate, for the first step of the Chloride process,
(i)

the standard enthalpy change of reaction,

(ii)

the standard entropy change of reaction.

[2]

Note: S = S(products) S(reactants)

River Valley High School

Preliminary Examination 2012

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(c)

Using your answers in (b), determine if the first step of the Chloride
process is spontaneous at 2000 K.

[1]
(d)

The second step of the Chloride process involves the titanium(IV)

chloride being distilled off and oxidised in a pure oxygen flame to give
pure titanium(IV) oxide and chlorine gas.
Write an equation for the reaction in the second step.
.....................

[1]

[Total: 7]

Neidong Forest Recreation National Park, located in the Wulai District in

Taipei, has the highest concentration of anions in Taiwan due to the
numerous waterfalls and lush forestation in the park. Anions are said to help
boost the immune system, among other health benefits.
(a)

Bromide ions are thought to be one of the anions present in

abundance. The concentration of bromide ions in the river waters can
be used as an estimate of the concentration of the ions in the park.
A 25.0 cm3 sample of river water was collected and 50.0 cm 3 of
1.00 mol dm3 Pb(NO3)2 was added. The precipitate formed was
filtered off and 3.00 g of precipitate was collected. The filtrate can be
regarded as a saturated solution of PbBr2.
(i)

Calculate the concentration of Pb2+ ions in the filtrate.

River Valley High School

Preliminary Examination 2012

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(ii)

Write an expression for the solubility product, Ksp, of PbBr2.

............

(iii)

The numerical value for the Ksp of PbBr2 is 3.9 105. Determine
the concentration of bromide ions in the sample of river water.

[5]
(b)

Another anion, W, found in Neidong National Park can be formed

when the oxide of a Period 3 element reacts with an alkali. When
dilute nitric acid is added to a solution containing W, a colourless and
pungent gas that turns acidified potassium dichromate(VI) from
orange to green is evolved.
(i)

Suggest an identity for anion W.

............

(ii)

Write an equation for the formation of W from the reaction of a

Period 3 oxide with an alkali.
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[2]

[Total: 7]

River Valley High School

Preliminary Examination 2012

9647/02/PRELIM/12

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The leadacid accumulator is a storage battery used in cars because it can

be recharged. It consists of a series of cells containing lead plate anodes,
lead dioxide plate cathodes and an electrolyte of 6 mol dm 3 sulfuric acid.
When it is operating, the reactions that occur at the electrodes are
Pb2+(aq) + 2e Pb(s)

E = 0.13 V

PbO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e Pb2+(aq) + 2H2O(l)

E = +1.47 V

(a)

Write the overall equation for the reaction during discharge and
calculate the voltage delivered by the battery.
Equation: .............

[2]
(b)

However, it is noted that the actual voltage is 2.0 V as compared to

the value that you have calculated in (a). Explain why the actual
voltage differs from the calculated voltage.
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River Valley High School

Preliminary Examination 2012

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(c)

Explain why the battery is rechargeable.

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(d)

[1]

State one disadvantage of the lead-acid accumulator battery.

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[1]

[Total: 6]
5

This question is about the chemistry of halogens and halide ions.

(a)

Aqueous bromine is decolourised when added to aqueous sodium

thiosulfate. When excess of aqueous barium nitrate is added to the
resulting solution, a white precipitate is observed. This precipitate is
filtered off, leaving a colourless filtrate.
(i)

Write a balanced ionic equation for the reaction between

bromine and sodium thiosulfate.
....................

(ii)

To the colourless filtrate in (i), aqueous silver nitrate is added,

followed by concentrated ammonia solution.
Describe what is observed and write balanced equations for any
reaction that occur.
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Preliminary Examination 2012

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(b)

In a separate experiment, aqueous bromine is added to aqueous

potassium iodide. To the resulting mixture, an equal volume of an
organic solvent is added.
What will be the colour of the organic layer? Write equations for any
reactions that occur.
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(c)

[2]

Iodide ions react with peroxodisulfate ions in the presence of Fe 3+

catalyst. The overall equation for the reaction is shown below.
2I (aq) + S2O82(aq) I2(aq) + 2SO42(aq)
(i)

Fe3+ ions are added to lower the high activation energy so that
the reaction can proceed at a higher rate. Explain why the
activation energy is high for the reaction between the iodide and
peroxodisulfate ions if no Fe3+ ions are added.
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(ii)

With reference to the Data Booklet, suggest a mechanism for

this reaction in the presence of Fe3+.

River Valley High School

Preliminary Examination 2012

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[4]

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[Total: 10]
6

Chromium is a hard grey metal which is widely used in the manufacture of

stainless steel due to its good corrosion-resistant properties.
Calcium is a fairly soft, silvery grey metal which tarnishes quickly in air.
(a)

The melting point of calcium is 843 C while chromium melts at a

much higher temperature of 1907 C.
Explain this difference in terms of the type and strength of bonding in
each metal.
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(b)

Write the electronic

chromium(III) ions.

configuration

of

chromium

atoms

[3]

and

Cr ..............................
Cr3+..............................
(c)

[2]

When aqueous sodium hydroxide was added to aqueous

chromium(III) nitrate, a blue-green precipitate was observed. Upon
addition of excess aqueous sodium hydroxide, the precipitate
dissolved to give a dark green complex.
When aqueous sodium carbonate was added
chromium(III) nitrate, effervescence was observed.
(i)

to

aqueous

State the formula of the blue-green precipitate.

............

(ii)

Suggest a reason why effervescence was observed when

aqueous sodium carbonate was added to aqueous
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Preliminary Examination 2012

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chromium(III) nitrate.
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(iii)

Given that the formula of the soluble dark green complex is

Na3CrO6H6, state the formula of the complex ion formed.
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(iv)

Draw the structure of the complex ion.

[4]
[Total: 9]

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Preliminary Examination 2012

9647/02/PRELIM/12

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13

Hydrocarbons are commonly used as combustible fuel sources as well as

feed materials in the petrochemical industry.
(a)

Describe a simple chemical test to distinguish between but-1-ene and

but-2-ene. State clearly what would be observed with each compound.
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(b)

[2]

But-2-ene is able to exist as 2 isomers.

(i)

State the type of isomerism exhibited by but-2-ene.

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(ii)

Draw the displayed structural formulae for the 2 isomers of

but-2-ene.

River Valley High School

Preliminary Examination 2012

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[3]

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(c)

Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon present in many compounds.

A reaction scheme involving benzene derivatives is given below. Draw
the structures of A to D and give the reagents and conditions for steps
I to IV.
OH
H2SO4(aq)
heat under
reflux

OH

CH2CH2COOH

IV

OH
NaOH(aq)
heat under
reflux

ethanolic
NaCN

heat under
reflux
CH2CH2Br

CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3
acidified K2Cr2O7(aq),
heat
D

LiAlH4 in
dry ether

OH

III

II

OH

OH
CH2CHO

CH2CH2CH2NH2

River Valley High School

Preliminary Examination 2012

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CH=CH2

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A:

B:

C:

D:

Step I: .....
Step II:
Step III:
Step IV:
[8]

River Valley High School

Preliminary Examination 2012

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[Total: 13]
8

Students often complain of headaches when faced with a tough problem

they cannot solve. A very common over-the-counter drug to combat
headaches is paracetamol. The synthesis of paracetamol is shown below:
OH

OH
dilute HNO 3

Step I

OH
Step II

NH 2

NHCOCH 3

Paracetamol
(a)

Draw the structure of compound X.

[1]
(b)

Step I is actually a two-stage process. State the reagents and

conditions for the two stages.
Stage 1: .......
Stage 2: .......

(c)

[2]

Step II involves a condensation reaction. An organic side-product, Y,

can be formed along with paracetamol.
(i)

State the reagent for this step.

............

(ii)

Suggest a structure for Y.

River Valley High School

Preliminary Examination 2012

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[2]

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(d)

Suggest the structures of all the organic products formed when

paracetamol reacts with
(i)

NaOH(aq) at room temperature

(ii)

NaOH(aq) with heating

[3]
[Total: 8]

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Preliminary Examination 2012

9647/02/PRELIM/12

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BLANK PAGE

River Valley High School

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