Problem No.
Design a load bearing wall with the following data:
DL = 45 KN/m
LL = 20 KN/m
qall = 100 KN/m2
Depth of top of foundation from the groundlevel
Df = 1.2 m
fy = 420 Mpa
fc' = 24 Mpa
Unit weight of soilg s = 18 KN/m3
Unit weight of concreteg c = 25 KEN/m3
Solution:
According to ACI-Code 7.7.1, the minimum depth of footing d = 150mm
over steel, cover = 70 mm, so
hmin = 150+70 = 220 mm
Assume h = 250 mm,give
d = 250-70 = 180 mm
also,
weight of foundation = 0.25gc = 0.25x25 = 6.25 KN/m2
weight of soil above foundation = 1.2gs = 1.2x18 = 21.6 KN/m2
Total = 27.85 KN/m2
Net allowable soil bearing capacity
qall(net) = 100-27.85 72.15 KN/m2
Hence, required width of foundation
DL = 45KN
LL = 20KN
qallnet= 72.15KN/m2
DL + LL
B=
= 0.901 m
qallnet
assume B = 1 m
According to ACI-Code
U = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
U = 1.4x45 + 1.7 x20 = 97 KN/m
Find ultimate pressure under footing,
U
qult = .
B 1
=
97
1 1
= 97.00 KN/m
Investigation of shear strength of foundation:
critical shear section occur at distance d from the face of wall
(ACI-Code 15.2.2 and [Link])
Vu = [0.35 -d] x qult = [0.35 -0.18 ] x 97 = 16.49 KN/m
Vc =
=
0.17 . fc'. b . d
1000
0.17 24 1000 180
1000
= 149.91 KN/m
fVc = 0.85 x 149.9 = 127.4 KN/m> Vu = 16.49 KN/m .................O.K
Flexural Reinforcement:
l = 0.75m
qu = 97KN/m2
qu. l2
Mu =
= 27.28 KN-m/m
2
Ru =
Mu. 10 6
fi . b . d 2
5.94 10 6
0.9 1000 180 2
= 0.20 Mpa
m=
fy
0.85 . fc'
420
0.85 24
= 20.588235
Ro =
=
1.
1m
1-
2 . Ru. m
fy
1
120.588235
1-
2 0.2 20.588235
420
= 0.000479
Romin = 0.0018 (ACI-Code 7.12.2)
Beta = 0.85
fc' = 24
fy = 420
Romax= 0.75 . 0.85 .
fc'.
600
Beta.
= 0.0182
fy
600 + fy
Ro > Rmax .......................O.K
As = 0.0018 x100 x18 = 3.24 cm2
use f 10 - 24 cm c/c
As"Provided"=
100 . 3.14 .
1.0 2
24
4
100 3.14
1.0 2
24
4
= 3.27 cm2
Check development length:
Ld = 0.019 . Ab.
fy
fc'
= 0.019
But not
less than"
. db0. fy
Ld ==0.058
0.0010
= 0.058
= 0.00100
for f =10 mm Ab = 78.5 mm2
or 300 mm
Ld = 0.019 . Ab.
fy
fc'
420
= 0.019 78.5
24
= 127.87 mm
Ld = 0.058 x db x fy = 0.058 x10 x 420 = 243.6 mm
Control
Hence Ld = 300 mm
Ld Provided = 350 -70(cover) = 280 mm < 300 mm Use standard hook
Long Direction:
Asmin = 0.0018 x100 x 18 = 3.24
Use 3 f 12mm
Sketch:
Problem No. 2
Design a square footing to support column load given the followint information:
fc' = 24 Mpa
fy = 420 Mpa
DL = 1125 KN
LL = 675 KN
Column size = 0.5 m x 0.5 m
Allowable bearing soil-capacity qall = 300 KN/m2
g c = 25 KN/m3
g s = 20 KN/m3
Solution:
let us assume that the average weight of concrete and soil above the base of the foundation
equal to 22.5 KN/m3, so
qall(net) = qall-Df x 22.5 = 300 x 22.5 x 1.25 = 271.9 KN/m2
Af =
=
DL + LL
qallnet
1125 + 675
271.9
= 6.62 m2
use foundation of with dimension of B = 2.6m x 2.6m
Af = 2.6 x2.6 = 6.76 m2 > 6.62 m2 ..........O.K
U = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
U = 1.4 x 1125 + 1.7 x 675 = 2722.5 KN
U
qult = 2
B
=
2 722.5
2.6 2
= 402.74 KN/M2
Check Punch Shear:
Critical section for punch shear occur at distance d/2 from the face of support
Vu = qult x (critical area)
2 = 5.7 m2
Critical area = (2.6 x 2.6) - (0.5 x 0.5)
Assume H = 60 cm
D = 60 - 7 = 53 cm
B0 = (0.5 + 0.5) x 4 = 4.12 m
Vu = 402.74 x 5.7 = 2295.26 KN
Vc =
0.34 . fc'. B0. D
1000
0.34 24 4210 530
f Vc = 0.851000
x 3637.1 = 3091.5 KN
=
= 3 716.57 KN
f Vc > Vu ...........O.K
Check one-way shear:
Critical section for one-way shear occur at distance d from the face of support, hence
Vu = qult x critical area
= 402.74 x 2.6 x 0.52 = 544.5 KN
Vc =
=
0.17 . fc'. b . d
1000
0.17 24 2600 530
1000
= 1 147.63 KN
Vc = 0.85 x 1147.63 = 975.5 KN
f Vc > Vu ...........O.K
Flexural Reinforcement:
Mu =
=
qult. B. L2
2
402.74 2 1.05 2
2
= 444.02 KN-m
Ru =
Mu. 10 6
fi . b . d 2
577.23 10 6
0.9 2600 530 2
= 0.88 Mpa
m=
fy
0.85 . fc'
420
0.85 24
= 20.5882
Ro =
=
1.
1m
1-
1
120.5882
2 . Ru. m
fy
1-
= 0.0021
As =
=
Ro. b . d
100
0.0021 2600 530
100
2 0.88 20.5882
420
Use f 14 mm
S=
260 - 14 .
1.54
29.5
260 - 14
1.54
29.5
= 12.84 cm
Use f 16 mm
S=
260 - 16 .
2.0
29.5
260 - 16
2.0
29.5
= 16.54 cm
Use f 16 -16 cm c/c
Check development length:
Ld = 0.019 . Ab.
fy
fc'
= 0.019
= 0.00100
But not less than"
Ld = 0.058 . db. fy
= 0.058
= 0.00100
or 300 mm
fy
Ld = 0.019 . Ab.
fc'
420
= 0.019 200
24
= 325.78 mm
Also,
Ld = 0.58x db x fy = 0.58 x16 x 420 = 389.76 mm
So, Ld = 389.76 mm
ActualLd=
260 - 50
+ 50
2
260 - 50
+ 50
2
Control
155.0 cm > 38.9 cm ...........O.K
Check bearing on concrete:
A2
fb = 0.85 . phi. fc'. A1.
A1
= 0.85 0.00100 0.00100
0.00100
= 0.00100 Mpa
with a limit of sqrt(A2/A1)<2
A2
A=
A1
=
6.76
.25
= 5.20
Use A = 2
A1 = .25
fc' = 24
phi = 0.7
fb = 0.85 . phi. fc'. A1. 2 = 7.14 MN
fu = 2722.5 KN > 7140 KN .........O.K
Hence use minimum dowels with at least 4 bars same as column steel.
Reinforcement Sketch:
Problem No. 3
Design concrete foundation to support two columns givrn the following informations:
fc' = 24 Mpa
fy = 420 Mpa
Column size = 0.5 m x 0.5 m
Allowable bearing soil-capacity qall = 300 KN/m2
g c = 25 KN/m3
g s = 20 KN/m3
Df = 1.5 m
Loading:
Column 1: Pd = 1000 KN PL = 500 KN
Column 2: Pd = 2000 KN PL = 1000 KN
Solution:
Find L that the center of the resultant loads coincide
with the center of the footing
X=
1500 . 1 + 3000 . 4
4500
1500 1 + 3000 4
4500
= 3.00 m
L = 2 x X= 2 x 3 = 6 m
Lr = 6-4 = 2 m
Find B
Assume the average weight of concrete and soil above
footing is equal to gav = 22 kn/m3
qall(net) = 300-gav x Df = 300 -22 x 1.5 = 267 KN/m2
So,
B=
=
R
Qallnet. L
4500
267 6
= 2.81 m
Find pressure under footing:
Neglegt excentricity at ultimate load, give
qu =
=
Pd. 1.4 + PL. 1.7
B. L
3000 1.4 + 1500 1.7
2.8 6
= 401.79 KN/m2
Draw moment and shear diagramn longitudinal direction:
qu. B. L2
M1 =
2
401.8 2.8 1.0 2
=
2
= 562.52 KN-m
M3 =
qu. B. L2
2
401.8 2.8 2 2
=
2
= 2 250.08 KN-m
M2 can be find where the shear is zero
2.8 x 401.8 (X0) - (1000 x 1.4 + 500 x 1.7) = 0
X0 = 2 m
qu. B. x02
M2 =
- Pu1. Ll
2
401.8 2.8 2 2
=
- 2225 1
2
= 25.080 KN-M
Assume h = 70 cm
d = 70 - 7 = 63 cm
Flexural Design:
For M3 = 2250.1 KN-m
Ru =
Mu. 10 6
phi. b . d 2
2250 10 6
0.9 2800 630 2
= 2.249577 Mpa
m=
fy
0.85 . fc'
420
0.85 24
= 20.588235
Ro =
=
1.
1m
1-
2 . Ru. m
fy
1
120.588235
= 0.005689
1-
2 2.249577 20.588235
420
Use 40 f 18 - 7cm c/c
For M1 = 562.5 KN-m
Ru =
Mu. 10 6
phi. b . d 2
562.5 10 6
0.9 2800 630 2
= 0.562394 Mpa
m=
fy
0.85 . fc'
420
0.85 24
= 20.588235
Ro =
=
1.
1m
1-
2 . Ru. m
fy
1
120.588235
1-
2 0.562394 20.588235
420
= 0.001358
Romin =
1.4
fy
1.4
420
= 0.003333
fc' 600
Romax= 0.75 . beta1. 0.85 . .
fy 600 + fy
24
600
= 0.75 0.85 0.85
420 600 + 420
= 0.018214
As = Rmin. b . d
= 0.00333 2800 630
= 5 874.120000 mm2
Use 24 f 18 - 12 cm c/c
for M3 use Asmin
As = 58.8 cm2
Use 24 f 18 - 12 cm c/c
Check Shear:
The critical section for shear occure at distance d from the face of support
Vu = 1260 KN
Vc = 0.17 . fc'. B. d . 10 - 3
= 0.17 24 2800 630 10 - 3
= 1 469.106 KN
f Vc = 0.85 x 1469.12 = 1248 KN@ 1260 KN O.K
No shear reinforcement required:
Chek flexure in transverse direction:
Band width = with of the column
Plus two times effective depth
= 50 + 2x 63 = 176 cm
For left column:
Pd. 1.4 + PL. 1.7
B. Band
qu =
1000 1.4 + 500 1.7
2.8 1.76
= 456.575 KN/m2
qult. B. L2
2
Mu =
456.6 1.76 1.15 2
=
2
= 531.391080 KN-m
Ru =
Mu. 10 6
phi. b . d 2
531.391 10 6
0.9 1760 630 2
= 0.845236 Mpa
m=
fy
0.85 . fc'
420
0.85 24
Use Romin = 0.002056
2
As = Romin x b x d =0.00256 x 176 x 63 =22.7 cm
Use 12 f 16 - 15 cm c/c
For right column:
qu =
=
Pd. 1.4 + PL. 1.7
B. Band
2000 1.4 + 1000 1.7
2.8 1.76
= 913.149 KN/m2
Mu =
=
qult. B. L2
2
913.149 1.76 1.15 2
2
= 1 062.722806 KN-m
Mu. 10 6
Ru =
phi. b . d 2
=
1 062.72 10 6
0.9 1760 630 2
= 1.69 Mpa
m=
fy
0.85 . fc'
420
0.85 24
= 20.588235
Ro =
=
1.
1m
1-
2 . Ru. m
fy
1
120.588235
1-
2 1.69 20.588235
420
= 0.004206
Romin = 0.0018
fc' 600
Romax= 0.75 . beta1. 0.85 . .
fy 600 + fy
24
600
= 0.75 0.85 0.85
420 600 + 420
= 0.018214
As = Ro. b . d
= 0.004206 1760 630
= 4 663.612800 mm2
