NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF

THE STRUCTURAL EUROCODES: DESIGN GUIDANCE

Report prepared for

The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister
by
The Institution of Structural Engineers
April 2004

CONTRACT CI 71/4/30

Executive Summary
After twenty five years in preparation, the implementation of the structural Eurocodes
has commenced This is the biggest change to codified structural design ever
experienced in the UK.
Change brings both opportunities and threats. The opportunities are for the UK to be
in the forefront of this process; having maximum European influence on practical
implementation and also creating significant opportunities for increasing export of
design services, currently valued at 1.5 billion per year. The threats arise from
inaction. Without proper investment in support, design costs will rise substantially;
worse, mistakes may occur, with potential implications for safety. Without a strong
and expert home market in design to the Eurocodes, existing exports of design
services will decline.
The Institution of Structural Engineers therefore welcomed the timely invitation from
the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister to facilitate the preparation of a National
Strategy for the provision of the design guidance that will be needed by the structural
engineering community.
The 'National Strategy for Eurocodes Committee' established for this study has
identified a number of issues that require urgent resolution together with the:

key information needs of the industry

guidance documents and software required
requirements for provision of training

Particular emphasis is placed on the need for:

clear up-to-date information on the timing of the stages of the transition

together with guidance on the actions professionals need to take at each stage
the necessary resources to be provided by a partnership between government
and industry
a body to be established to oversee all aspects of the transition and advise on
the changes required to the strategy as it progresses

Specific recommendations for the:

Office of the Deputy Prime Minister

British Standards Institution
professional institutions
research and development associations

are made.
It is emphasised that this report represents a snapshot of what is believed to be
required at the time it was written. The transition will take more than five years and
during that time it is inevitable that the timing of events and associated requirements

will change. It is therefore essential that the strategy presented is kept under review
and regularly updated.

Contents
Foreword

Page
1

Principal Recommendations

1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Scope of Strategy

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2 The structural Eurocodes

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Scope
2.3 Programme for publication
2.4 National Annexes

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3 Implementation of the structural Eurocodes in the UK

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Issues related to implementation of the structural Eurocodes
3.2.1 Background information and interpretation
3.2.2 National Annexes
3.2.3 Residual British Standards
3.2.4 Non conflicting complimentary information from
sources other than British Standards
3.2.5 BSI
3.2.6 Designers
3.3 Initiatives already in place
3.3.1 Eurocode Expert
3.4 Needs of industry
3.4.1 Issues related to individual Eurocodes
[Link] ENs 1990 and 1991
[Link] EN 1992
[Link] EN 1993
[Link] EN 1994
[Link] EN 1995
[Link] EN 1996
[Link] EN 1997
[Link] EN 1998
[Link] EN 1999
[Link] Annex A2 of EN 1990 and Parts 2 of ENs
1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1998
3.4.2 Needs of specific user groups
[Link] Non-technical users
[Link] Designers and regulators
[Link] Academia and those providing training
[Link] Software producers
3.5 Other issues
3.5.1 Execution, product and testing standards

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3.5.2 British Standards for specialist structures not

covered by the Eurocodes
3.5.3 Future care and maintenance

Page
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4 Recommendations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Urgent issues
4.3 Specific needs identified
4.3.1 Information sources
[Link] Programme
[Link] Helpdesk
4.3.2 Documents
4.3.3 Software
4.3.4 Training
4.4 Other issues
4.5 Future development

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References

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Appendix A ODPM Specification

Appendix B Membership of the Committee
Appendix C The Structural Eurocodes, their packages and
withdrawal of British Standards
Appendix D Guidance material already available or in preparation
Appendix E Additional guidance material required

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Foreword
The Institution of Structural Engineers was pleased to be invited by the Office of the
Deputy Prime Minister to coordinate this study designed to ensure that the UK
Structural Engineering Community is well prepared for the transition to a working
environment based on use of the Structural Eurocodes. Notwithstanding the short (3
months) duration of the project, it proved possible to identify the key challenges, to
indicate those measures that must be taken to ensure that UK designers can continue
to flourish in their traditional markets as well as benefiting from the opportunities
provided by the transition and to estimate the level of resource that needs to be
provided collectively so as to ensure that the task is properly discharged.
Great credit is due to all those members of the Committee who have worked most
effectively to deliver a coherent vision; it says much for their commitment that so
much has been achieved. Without the ODPM grant the project would not have
started, without the efforts of the Committee - who have contributed in kind to a
value approximately 3 times the grant figure it could not have delivered such a
comprehensive result.
It has been my pleasure to preside over a group of enthusiastic, talented and
resourceful individuals many of whom have utilised the resources of their
employers to assist with the Committees work. My sincere thanks to each of them
and a special note of appreciation to the Institutions staff so ably marshalled by Sue
Doran.
David A Nethercot
30 April 2004

Principal Recommendations
These recommendations are put forward to maximise the opportunities and minimise
the threats arising from the implementation of the structural Eurocodes.
It is appreciated that the resources involved (which have been estimated to equate to
approximately 10 million) very largely the time of suitably knowledgeable and
well informed people are substantial. However the cost to the UK of not managing
and supporting this essential and inevitable transition is at least one order of
magnitude greater than the cost of the programme.

The UK Structural Engineering community must be properly supported during

the transition process, which can be expected to occupy a minimum of five
years. If not, much competitive advantage, in terms of both defending the UK
home market and enabling exports overseas, will be lost.

Guidance material related to EN 1990 and EN 1991 is essential and, in the

absence of an associated industry sector, 100% Government funding will be
required to provide it.

Partnerships between government, industry and independent bodies are needed

for the preparation of guidance to EN 1992 to EN 1998. It is not reasonable to
expect industry to carry all these costs. Government, as a major client for
construction, should provide at least matching cash funding to ensure it
obtains maximum value from the transition.

A group should be established to monitor the process of implementation of the

structural Eurocodes in the UK and advise on changes to the strategy that
become necessary as the process progresses.

BSI needs to urgently address:

The strategy for calibration of National Annexes
The need for residual standards and the programme for their production
Copyright policy with regard to the Eurocodes, the National Annexes and
information currently available in British Standards that will be needed
beyond the withdrawal of those Standards.

ODPM needs to issue clear guidance on the use of Eurocodes for contracts for
public works.

The structural engineering community requires a clear timetable for the

transition from British Standards to Eurocodes so that it can plan for the
necessary changes to its ways of working.

A user friendly, web based, source of up-to-date information on the

publication schedule of the Eurocodes and associated guidance material is
required.

A technical helpdesk should be established. It must be seen as the National

source of authoritative guidance.

The professional institutions, research associations and trade associations who

provide authoritative design guidance should prepare a prioritised schedule for
those items related to the Eurocodes that they intend to produce.

A comprehensive programme of education, utilising a number of different

means of dissemination, for both students and practitioners should be drawn
up.

The UK should support the formation of maintenance groups for the

Eurocodes, if necessary with BSI taking the lead in CEN to ensure that this
happens. Government funding needs to be available to enable UK participation
in these groups.

The UK strategy set out herein needs to be continually re-assessed, updated

and supported.

1 Introduction
1.1 Background
The structural Eurocodes are a European suite of codes for structural design that have
been developed over a period of more than twenty-five years. Between 2004 and 2007
they will be published, as British Standards, initially as an alternative to the existing
Standards. By 2010 they will have effectively replaced the current British Standards
as the primary basis for designing buildings and civil engineering structures in the
UK. They are also likely to be used as an acceptable basis for meeting compliance
with UK Building Regulations and the requirements of other public authorities.
Whilst the construction industry is experienced in adapting to the use of new design
codes from time to time, it has not previously faced the challenge of implementing a
complete suite of new codes encompassing all the major materials and loading
requirements. This burden will not be eased by the format and terminology of the
Eurocodes both of which are different from British Standards. To ensure that the UK
construction industry will be equipped to exploit the export opportunities afforded by
pan European standardisation and that its home market is not weakened through lack
of facility to operate in the new regime, a coordinated strategy for the provision of
guidance material and training programmes is clearly necessary.
In December 2003 the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) invited the
Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE) (see Appendix A) to submit a proposal
to produce, within a three month period, a National Strategy to inform ODPM and
other stakeholders of the guidance material and other training aids etc, required to
ensure the successful implementation of the structural Eurocodes within the UK. The
IStructE accepted the invitation and agreed that work would commence on 1 February
2004 with the final report being submitted to ODPM by the end of April 2004.
As requested by ODPM, a National Strategy for Eurocodes Committee was formed
under the Chairmanship of Professor David Nethercot, FREng, President IStructE and
representation was sought from each of the bodies and sectors suggested in the
ODPM specification (see Appendix A) including the IStructE itself. In addition
several key individuals with expertise in areas relevant to the Eurocodes but not
otherwise covered by the organisations identified by ODPM were invited to join the
Committee. The membership of the Committee is listed in Appendix B. The
Committee held formal meetings on 16 February 2004 and 30 March 2004 but the
majority of its work was conducted within sub-groups of its membership, largely by
electronic means.
1.2 Scope of the strategy
The specification from ODPM (see Appendix A) required that the strategy be
delivered as a report outlining:

the range of guidance documents, software, training and dissemination

resources needed
the guides etc., already available or currently being prepared
the additional guides etc., required
4

the preferred authors/publishers and facilitators

the estimated costs involved, including industrial contributions in the case
of collaborative projects/ventures
the proposed funding arrangements
the timescales involved

Section 2 of this report outlines the background and scope of the structural Eurocodes,
together with the timescales to which they are likely to become available for use in
the UK. A detailed list of the various parts of each of the Eurocodes is presented in
Appendix C.
The process of implementation of the Eurocodes in the UK and the requirements of
the different sectors of the construction industry are discussed in Section 3. The
relevant initiatives which are already in place are identified. A detailed list of
guidance that is already available, being prepared or definitely planned, that the
Committee has been able to identify, is given in Appendix D.
Section 4 makes recommendations as to the way in which the transition to the use of
Eurocodes should be facilitated in the UK, including the timing of different activities
together with some indication of the resources required. The specific needs of various
sectors of the industry are discussed. Appendix E contains a more detailed breakdown
of individual items that are required, their suggested facilitators and an indication of
the necessary resources.
It should be noted that the information included in this report, including the
anticipated dates of publication of documents, is the best that was available to the
Committee on 1 April 2004. Readers should be aware that based on the history of
code development and production it is inevitable that some of the dates will change.

2 The structural Eurocodes

2.1 Introduction
In 1975 the Commission of the European Community initiated a programme of work
aimed at producing a set of technical rules for structural design, the structural
Eurocodes, which would initially serve as an alternative to existing national rules and
eventually replace them.
The intended benefits of the Eurocodes are to 1:

provide common design criteria and methods of meeting necessary

requirements for mechanical resistance, stability and resistance to fire,
including aspects of durability and economy
provide a common understanding regarding the design of structures between
owners, operators and users, designers, contractors and manufacturers of
construction products
facilitate the exchange of construction services between Members States
facilitate the marketing and use of structural components and kits in Members
States
facilitate the marketing and use of materials and constituent products, the
properties of which enter into design calculations
be a common basis for research and development, in the construction industry
allow the preparation of common design aids and software
increase the competitiveness of the European civil engineering firms,
contractors, designers and product manufacturers in their world-wide
activities.

The Eurocodes are recognised by Member States of the European Economic Area to
serve as 1:
a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for
construction products
a means of demonstrating compliance of building and civil engineering works
with Building Regulations, the National requirements for other regulated
works eg the Highways Agencys BD Standards and with the essential
requirements of the Construction Products Directive 2
a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering
services
In 1989 the Commission decided to transfer the preparation and publication of the
Eurocodes to the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN), whose members
are the National Standards Bodies (in the UK this is the British Standards Institution
(BSI)) so that they would have the status of European Standards. The UK has taken an
active part in the process of drafting the Eurocodes and considerable resources from
both industry and government have been expended in support of this activity.

2.2 Scope
The structural Eurocodes cover Basis of Structural Design, Actions (ie Loading), each
of the main structural materials, geotechnical design and design of structures for
earthquake resistance. The ten Eurocodes are:

EN 1990 Basis of structural design

EN 1991 Actions on structures
EN 1992 Design of concrete structures
EN 1993 Design of steel structures
EN 1994 Design of composite steel and concrete structures
EN 1995 Design of timber structures
EN 1996 Design of masonry structures
EN 1997 Geotechnical design
EN 1998 Design of structures for earthquake resistance
EN 1999 Design of aluminium structures

Other than EN 1990, each of the codes is divided into a number of parts (See
Appendix C) covering specific aspects of the subject.
All of the Eurocodes relating to materials have a Part 1-1 which covers the design of
buildings and civil engineering structures. They also have a Part 1-2 for fire design.
The codes for concrete, steel, composite construction, timber and earthquake
resistance have a Part 2 covering design of bridges. In each case Part 2 is to be used in
combination with the appropriate Part 1 which relates to all civil engineering
structures.
The Eurocode Parts have been grouped into Packages (see Appendix C) each of
which must be published, with their respective National Annex (see Section 2.4)
before full implementation of that set of Codes may begin. ENs 1990, 1991, 1997 and
1998 are material independent and are therefore included in each of the packages.
2.3 Programme for publication
All of the Eurocodes were initially published as trial codes, known as ENVs, intended
for experimental use. In practice in the UK there was little real use of the ENVs,
although there were some projects where a design using them was compared to that
using British Standards, for the purpose of calibration.
A minimum of two years after the publication of each ENV, each of the National
Standards Bodies submitted comments to CEN on its contents and use. These
comments have been used to inform the drafting committees in converting them into
the final, EN, codes. In many cases the EN will be significantly different from the
corresponding ENV.
As a member of CEN, BSI is required to publish the Eurocodes and, in due course,
subsequently withdraw conflicting national standards. Following approval of the final
text of a Eurocode, by formal vote by Member States within CEN, it will be made
available to BSI. This is known as the Date of Availability (DAV). BSI then has a

maximum period of two years in which to prepare the National Annex (See section
2.4) to accompany the code and publish the code as a National Standard. Appendix C
lists the dates by which it is currently anticipated that each of the parts of the
Eurocodes will be published by BSI with its National Annex as an integral part of the
document*. In accordance with CEN requirements each Eurocode Part will be
published by BSI, in advance of the availability of the National Annex, within six
months of CEN making the text available. Each National Annex will also be
published as a separate document. This is, in part, a Commission requirement to
prevent barriers to trade, but is also for the practical reason that engineers may work
in more than one country.
Following publication of each Eurocode together with its National Annex there will
be a period (known as the coexistence period) during which they can be used
alongside the existing British Standards as a means of demonstrating compliance with
regulatory requirements. As the design of any structure will require reference to more
than one of the Eurocodes they have been grouped together into packages (see
Appendix C) related to different types of structure. The period of coexistence, which
may last a maximum of three years, for all of the Parts within a package will not begin
until the last Part included within it is published by BSI with its National Annex. The
dates by which it is currently anticipated that each of the packages will be in place are
given in Appendix C*.
At the end of the coexistence period BSI is required to withdraw the British Standards
having the same scope as the Eurocode Package. Since, in most cases the scope of the
Eurocode will not match precisely that of the corresponding British Standard it will be
beneficial to retain in some form, for example a residual British Standard, some of the
material which is not superseded by the Eurocode for use in UK practice (see Section
3.2.3).

Max 2 years

Final text of Eurocode Part released

to BSI by CEN

Prepare National Annex

Modify Regulations to
allow use of Eurocode

Max 3 years

BSI Publish Part with National Annex

Coexistence Period with British Standards

Withdrawal of British Standards having same

Scope as Eurocode

Figure 2.1 Timetable from release of final text of a Eurocode from CEN to
withdrawal of British Standards.
*

It should be borne in mind that long experience in the preparation of Codes and Code related material
indicates that target dates are rarely, if ever, met and that actual publication dates are often many
months and sometimes several years later than predicted.

The Public Procurement Directive 3 will mean that tenderers for contracts for public
works must either offer technical solutions based on a European Standard (ie a
Eurocode) where this exists (ie when the Eurocode and its National Annex have been
published) or, alternatively base their offer on equivalent standards/Codes. ODPM
will need to give clear guidance on which codes and standards are considered to be
equivalent to the Eurocodes. As most projects will include elements constructed of
several different materials covered by different Eurocode packages, guidance will also
be required as to when the Public Procurement Directive will become applicable to
different types of project. If the design of public works is to be carried out to the
Eurocodes as soon as they are published it must be recognised that much of the
necessary guidance material is not likely be in place at that time and there may be
safety risks as a result (see section 4.3.2).
2.4 National Annexes
National Standards Bodies, such as BSI, are not permitted to change any part of the
text in the core CEN document. However, they are allowed to add a National title
page, a National Foreword and a National Annex.
As the Eurocodes are intended to be used as one approach to satisfy Building
Regulations and other requirements that are not currently harmonised across the
European Union they recognise the principle, stated in the Construction Products
Directive 2, that the level of safety in a country remains its prerogative. Consequently,
some safety factors and a number of other parameters, such as those reflecting
differences in climatic conditions, are left open in the Eurocodes for selection at a
national level. These are termed Nationally Determined Parameters (NDPs).
The National Annex of each Eurocode Part lists the NDPs and other points on which
an element of national choice exists, for example, where there is the possibility of a
choice of different design methods. The National Annex may also include reference to
non-contradictory complimentary information (NCCI), such as national standards or
guidance documents.
It is not permissible for National Standards Bodies to publish a version of a Eurocode
with the values of the NDPs inserted into the text of the EN.
The UK National Annexes will be developed under the auspices of BSI and will be
issued as drafts for public comment before they are finalised.

3 Implementation of the structural Eurocodes in the UK

3.1 Introduction
The implementation of the structural Eurocodes will be the most wide ranging change
to the codification of structural design in the UK ever experienced by the construction
industry. Whilst they will be in many ways the most technically advanced suite of
design codes available anywhere in the world, the way in which they are presented
and some of the terminology used will be unfamiliar to those used to working with
British Standards.
The adoption of European standards offers significant opportunities in terms of export
of UK design expertise and products. A number of countries outside Europe are also
likely to adopt the Eurocodes and hence further increase these opportunities. There is
also the potential for considerable savings in research and development expenditure. It
should also not be forgotten that the introduction of the Eurocodes will allow
increased competition for designers within the UK from designers from other
European countries.
If the UK construction industry is to be in a position to make the transition to the
Eurocodes in an efficient, cost effective manner and therefore to be well placed to
capitalise on the opportunities which they present, their implementation must be
coordinated across the industry. Guidance on the implications of the use of Eurocodes
and the actions that they need to take will be required by various groupings within the
industry including clients, designers, regulators, contractors, academics and suppliers.
In the lead up to and throughout the period of transition to the Eurocodes a wide range
of authoritative information, Residual Standards, guidance material and design aids
will need to be prepared and disseminated. A number of initiatives which will provide
some of what is required are already in place (see section 3.3) but other needs remain
to be addressed. The specific needs of different sectors of the industry, including
appropriate education and training, are presented in section 3.4.
3.2 Issues related to implementation of the structural Eurocodes
A number of issues that will have an effect on the implementation of the structural
Eurocodes have been identified; each of these is discussed in the sections that follow.
3.2.1 Background information and interpretation
Production of guidance documents and software will be greatly assisted if information
related to the background of the provisions, for example the basis of formulae, of the
Eurocodes could be gathered together and made available. Authoritative interpretation
of some sections of the codes will be necessary to enable them to be used as intended
by their authors.
Interpretation will be required at two levels:

clarification of the detailed clauses for member design

10

the overall approach for building analysis and design addressing issues such
as integrity, stability, second-order effects, treatment of frame imperfections
etc.

The former could be handled by sector groups facilitated by the appropriate

authoritative body in the sector. However, funding of the appropriate experts would
be required.
It is inevitable that there will be queries that arise when the Eurocodes are
implemented. Whilst currently queries received by BSI, which cannot be dealt with by
the appropriate BSI Committee, are referred to the relevant CEN project team these
will be disbanded when the drafting of their particular Eurocode part is complete. It is
therefore important that the mechanism for dealing with queries is clarified.
3.2.2 National Annexes
Although considerable resource was expended in conducting calibration studies for
the ENVs, the changes made during the conversion process mean that much of this
work is no longer valid and hence considerable work still remains to be carried out to
calibrate the ENs. It is also a matter of concern that there is currently no coherent
strategy for calibration across all materials. This must be resolved by BSI as a matter
of urgency.
Thus far most of the emphasis in preparing the National Annexes appears to have
been on buildings but it is essential that the necessary work in connection with bridges
and other types of structures is completed.
Providers of guidance material and software need the National Annexes to be
finalised before they will be able to do most of their work. Consequently it will not be
possible for the majority of such material to be published until some time after the
appropriate National Annex is finalised. This is equally true of Residual British
Standards and other NCCI (see Sections 3.2.3 and 3.2.4).
3.2.3 Residual British Standards
At the end of the coexistence period BSI is required to withdraw those British
Standards (see Appendix C) having the same scope as the Eurocode Package (these
are often referred to as conflicting standards). However, the scope of each of the
Eurocodes is such that in the vast majority of cases their content will not match
precisely that of the corresponding British Standards. The degree of overlap varies
from only a few clauses to virtually complete substitution of the British Standard by
the Eurocode. For each British Standard that will eventually be withdrawn a decision
needs to be reached as to whether the material within it that is not superseded by the
appropriate Eurocode should be retained for use in the UK. Such material might either
be reissued as a new British Standard or incorporated into another publication such as
a handbook. These documents will need to be available at the time of publication of
the relevant Eurocode and its National Annex, or as soon as possible thereafter.
Significant resources will be required to identify the residual material that is not in
conflict with the Eurocodes, decide what should be done with the remainder of each
British Standard and to republish what is to be retained.

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In the time available to it the Committee was not able to conduct a comprehensive
review of the residual standards that will be necessary. However, a number of those
which are believed to be required are identified in Appendix E.
The National Annex of each Eurocode is permitted to contain reference to NCCI
which will assist designers in applying it in the UK. Much of the NCCI that it will be
desirable to reference is likely to be from existing British Standards that will be
withdrawn. If the finalisation of the National Annexes is not to be delayed, decisions
on the fate of the material from these standards need to be reached quickly. Schedules
for both the withdrawal of the current standards and publication of residual standards
need to be prepared so that appropriate references can be included in the National
Annexes. It should also be noted that it may be necessary for National Annexes to be
revised to include references to NCCI when the current British Standards are
withdrawn.
3.2.4 Non conflicting complimentary information from sources other than British
Standards
It is likely that the National Annexes will include reference to a wide variety of NCCI
drawn from sources other than current British Standards. Much of the necessary
material will be updated documents from the various bodies within the industry who
regularly publish authoritative guidance. However, finalisation of the National
Annexes will require that these organisations decide which documents will be updated
to reflect the Eurocodes and to what timescale they will be produced.
3.2.5 BSI
Within the UK the copyright of the Eurocodes will rest with BSI. In order to be
useful, guidance documents, in both paper and electronic format, will need to be able
to quote extracts from them. It is also likely that material from existing British
Standards not republished as residual standards will need to be incorporated in other
forms of NCCI. It is therefore essential that arrangements are made which allow
reproduction of what is required without unnecessary bureaucracy or prohibitive cost.
BSI should consider its pricing policy for the Eurocodes carefully. It is understood
that there is a significant possibility that, because other National Standards Bodies
will be publishing them in English and CEN requires BSI to publish the National
Annexes as stand alone documents, it may prove cheaper for purchasers to buy the
codes themselves elsewhere.
3.2.6 Designers
Designers are unlikely to adopt the structural Eurocodes until they see a competitive
advantage, are required to do so by clients or there is effectively no alternative
because the British Standards have been withdrawn and references in the Approved
Documents to the Building Regulations removed.
The investment required to purchase the Eurocodes themselves and supporting
guidance documents and provide the necessary training for staff will be significant.

12

As an illustration, a conservative estimate of the likely cost of adopting the structural

Eurocodes within a small to medium sized consultancy (with 16 fee earning staff)
specialising in building structures is presented in Table 3.1. With their fee levels
already under pressure, some designers are likely to resist making this expenditure for
as long as possible. During the transition it is inevitable that the times taken to both
carry out a design and to check it will increase. However, clients are unlikely to
accept increased costs when they find there to be little, if any, economic advantage of
using the Eurocodes.
Item
Cost of purchasing 1 set of structural Eurocodes including National
Annexes (estimate)
Cost of buying guidance documents (assumed)
Cost of updating software (assumed)
Attendance at technical seminars (assume 3 days per person)
Cost of seminars (assume 150 net each seminar) = 16x3x150
Cost of attendance = 16x3x7.5x50
Familiarisation with codes in the office (assume 12 man-days for each
person) = 16x12x7.5x50
Alterations to standard in house specification documents (allow 14
documents at an average of 1 man-day each) = 14x7.5x50
Loss of productivity during first year of change (assume average annual
billing (productive time) = 1600 hours and 10% loss of productivity)
= 1600x16x0.1x50
Total

2,750
1,000
20,000
7,200
18,000
72,500
5,250
128,000
254,700

Note: The cost rate is based on costs averaged over all staff, from junior technician to
director/partner and is not intended to include an element of profit.

Table 3.1 Estimate of cost of adoption of Eurocodes within a consultancy with

16 fee earning technical staff specialising in building structures.
Designers are also concerned that unless steps are taken to convince Professional
Indemnity Insurers that the change of Codes will not lead to increased risk their
insurance premiums will rise.
3.3 Initiatives already in place
The professional institutions, research associations, trade associations, and other
bodies have already started to prepare the industry for the transition to the Eurocodes.
A list of the guidance material that is either already available or being prepared, that
the Committee has been able to identify, is presented in Appendix D.
It should be noted that many organisations invested significant resources in
developing and publishing guidance material based on the ENV versions of the
Eurocodes. However, as a result of changes made during the conversion process, the
EN versions will be significantly different from the corresponding ENVs.
Consequently virtually all of the earlier publications will need to be revised
extensively and republished if they are to be of use with the ENs.

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3.3.1 Eurocode Expert

In April 2003 Thomas Telford Ltd, the trading company of the Institution of Civil
Engineers, launched Eurocode Expert which, by means of a web site, newsletters,
provision of seminars and a user group (free of charge until May 2004), is aimed at
acting as a focus for dissemination of information related to the Eurocodes and their
implementation. Eurocode Expert is not currently aimed at providing detailed
technical guidance. However, it has the potential to assist the community with both
information on the availability of codes and code related material and activities. It
could work with other organisations to advise on technical queries. (see Section
[Link])
3.4 Needs of industry
With the exception of ENs 1990 and 1991 (see section [Link]) and EN 1999 (see
section [Link]) the information needs of the various stakeholders in the industry
which have been identified in respect of each of the Eurocodes are presented, in tables
3.2 to 3.8. In these tables items in regular type are understood to be either already
available or definitely planned and items in italics are required.
It should be noted that some sectors of the industry, particularly those with
organisations providing a focus within the sector, already have a reasonably clear list
of what is likely to be required by their sector. In others the thinking is currently less
well advanced. Whilst tables 3.2 to 3.8 include the items that have been identified at
the time this report was written, they should not be taken to be a definitive list as it is
inevitable that the requirements will change and develop during the transition period.

14

Table 3.2 EN 1992: Design of concrete structures

Stakeholders
Designers and
regulators
Nontechnical
documents

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
Introduction to the
Eurocodes

Teachers of design

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)

Product suppliers

Software Developers

Technical
manuals

Concise EC2
Precast Design Manual
Detailing Guide
IStructE Manual
Concrete Fire Design
Manual to EN 1992:1-2
Concept Design (RCC
update)
Consistency of loading
across material codes
including fire

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Commentary

Designers Guide to EN
1992-1-1
Designers Guide to EN
1992-2
Commentary to EN
1992:1-1
BS 8110 and EN 1992
Compared

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Worked
examples

Worked Examples to
EC2
How to Design Leaflets
(Core set)
Worked Examples for
fire design

As Designers and
regulators

Worked Examples to
EC2
Worked examples for
fire design

15

Table 3.2 EN 1992: Design of concrete structures (continued)

Stakeholders
Software

Designers and
regulators
Design tool Spreadsheets (Core set)
Concept Design
software
Advanced design
software updating
Software for fire design
using advanced
methods

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teachers of design

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)

Product suppliers

CALCRETE update
PowerPoint
presentations and
course notes

Teaching
materials students
Teaching
materials practitioners

Programme of
Conversion Courses

CALCRETE update
Programme of
Conversion Courses

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Other

Update of National
Structural Concrete
Specification
Specification of
concrete to EN 206

As Designers and
regulators

Specification of
concrete to EN 206

As Designers and
regulators

16

Software Developers

Table 3.3 EN 1993: Design of steel structures

Stakeholders
Designers and regulators
Nontechnical
documents

Implementation of the
Structural Eurocodes in the
UK
Threats and opportunities for
engineers
Design Office guide to
Implementing the Structural
Eurocodes

Technical
manuals

IStructE Manual
Section Capacities and
Member Properties SCI P202
Handbook of structural
steelwork P201
Guide to the Design of
Medium Rise Structures SCI
National structural steelwork
specification for building
construction BCSA/SCI
Steelwork Design Guide to
BSEN 1993- 1-1: P114
Plastic Design of Single
Storey Pitched Roof Portal
Frames to Eurocode 3 - P147
Design of Steel Portal
Frames for Europe - P164
Fire resistant design of steel
structures P080
Modelling of Steel Structures
for Computer Analysis
P148

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
Implementation of the
Structural Eurocodes
in the UK
A Clients' Guide to
European
Procurement

Teachers of design
Implementation of the
Structural Eurocodes
in the UK

Introduction to
Steelwork Design to
BS EN1993 (like
P325)

17

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
Implementation of the
Structural Eurocodes
in the UK
Design for
Construction and the
European market

IStructE Manual
Section Capacities and
Member Properties as
SCI P202
Handbook of
structural steelwork
P201
Guide to the Design of
Medium Rise
Structures SCI
National structural
steelwork specification
for building
construction
BCSA/SCI
Plastic Design of
Single Storey Pitched
Roof Portal Frames to
Eurocode 3 - P147
Design of Steel Portal
Frames for Europe P164
Fire resistant design of
steel structures P080

Product suppliers

Software Developers

Implementation of the
Structural Eurocodes
in the UK
Product design for a
European Market

IStructE Manual
Section Capacities and
Member Properties
P202
Handbook of
structural steelwork
P201
Flow charts for design
procedures, starting
with medium rise
Building Design Using
Cold Formed Steel
Sections: Structural
Design to BS 59505:1998. Section
Properties and Load
Tables P276
Design Manual for
Structural Stainless
Steel Design P291
Design of stainless
steel fixings and
ancillary components
P119

As Designers and
regulators
plus
Flow charts for design
procedurese
Flow charts for portal
frame design

Table 3.3 EN 1993: Design of steel structures (continued)

Stakeholders
Designers and regulators
Technical
manuals
(cont.)

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teachers of design

Structural fire design to EC3

and EC4 and comparison with
BS 5950 P159
Design of steel framed
buildings without applied fire
protection P186
Joints in Steel Construction :
Moment Connections P207
(Green Book)
Joints in Steel Construction :
Simple Connections P212
(Green Book)
Wind-moment Design of Low
Rise Frames P263
Building Design Using Cold
Formed Steel Sections:
Structural Design to BS 59505:1998. Section Properties
and Load Tables P276
Introduction to Steelwork
Design to BS EN1993 (like
P325)
Design Manual for Structural
Stainless Steel Design P291
Design of stainless steel
fixings and ancillary
components P119
BSEN1993 Implementation
rules - suggestion is an SCIled group
Structural assessment to the
Eurocodes (needs to be crosscutting)

18

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
Fire resistant design
of steel structures
P080
Joints in Steel
Construction :
Moment Connections
P207
Joints in Steel
Construction : Simple
Connections P212
Building Design Using
Cold Formed Steel
Sections: Structural
Design to BS 59505:1998. Section
Properties and Load
Tables P276
Design Manual for
Structural Stainless
Steel Design P291
Design of stainless
steel fixings and
ancillary components
P119
BSEN1993
Implementation rules suggestion is an SCIled group
Structural assessment
to the Eurocodes
(needs to be crosscutting)

Product suppliers
Flow charts for
component design
(cladding rails,
purlins and sheeting)

Software Developers

Table 3.3 EN 1993: Design of steel structures (continued)

Stakeholders
Designers and regulators
Commentary

Guide to the major

amendments in BS EN1993
(like P304)
A number of introductory
books are in preparation (e.g.
Nethercot and Gardner)

Worked
examples

BRE-Worked examples of
element design
There will be worked
examples in a number of other
publications listed under
Technical Manuals
e-BSEN 1993 (similar to eBS5950 mapping between
EC3 and BS 5950 with
hyperlinked commentary)

Software

Online software tool for

stainless steel design to EC3
Element design spreadsheets
by SCI from SEFIE STEEL
Individual modules for
element design (scope is
elements/forms of construction
as for Technical Manuals, see
above)
Integrated analysis/design
packages
e-BSEN 1993 ( similar to eBS5950 mapping between
EC3 and BS 5950 with
hyperlinked commentary)

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teachers of design

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
Guide to the major
amendments in BS
EN1993 (like P304)

Product suppliers
Guide to the major
amendments in BS
EN1993 (like P304)

Element design
spreadsheets by SCI
from SEFIE STEEL

19

Software Developers
Guide to the major
amendments in BS
EN1993 (like P304)

Table 3.3 EN 1993: Design of steel structures (continued)

Stakeholders
Designers and regulators
Teaching
materials students

IStructE Manual

Teaching
materials practitioners

'Introduction to BSEN1993'
TTL
SSEDTA from Uni of Sheff
(ENV)
NAFTEC from Uni of
Sheffield (ENV)
Introduction to Design to the
Eurocodes (Arya)
SCI STEELCAL adjusted to
EN
Element design spreadsheets
by SCI from SEFIE STEEL
SCI Course Portfolio
Introduction to Steelwork
Design to BS EN1993 (like
P325)
Course Threats and
opportunities for engineers SCI

Other

Guide to NCCI in EN1993

SCI?

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

20

Product suppliers

Software Developers

Table 3.4a EN 1994-1-1: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - General - Common rules and rules for buildings
Stakeholders
Nontechnical
documents
Technical
manuals

Designers and
regulators
Implementation of the
Structural Eurocodes in
the UK
Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
IStructE Manual
BSI Student Guide
Updates of at least the
following SCI
Publications:
Composite beam
design to Eurocode 4
(to include limiting
spans for simple
beams)
Web openings
Design of composite
and non-composite
cellular beams
Composite column
design to Eurocode 4
(to include resistances
of standard sections)
Design of composite
beams using precast
concrete slabs
Publications on slim
floors and Slimdek and
use of precast units
Green book on
composite connections
Steel designers manual

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
As Designers and
regulators

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators
As Designers and
regulators

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
As Designers and
regulators
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Updated SCI
Publications
Best practice in
composite floor
construction
Green book on
composite connections

21

Product suppliers

Software Developers

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
IStructE Manual
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Updated SCI
Publications:
Web openings
Design of composite
and non-composite
cellular beams
Publications on
Slimdek
Green book on
composite connections

Designers Guide to
EN 1994-1-1
Updates of at least the
following SCI
Publications:
Web openings
Design of composite
and non-composite
cellular beams
Design of composite
beams using precast
concrete slabs
Publications on slim
floors and Slimdek
and use of precast
units
Green book on
composite
connections

Table 3.4a EN 1994-1-1: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - General - Common rules and rules for buildings
(continued)
Stakeholders
Technical
manuals
(cont.)

Designers and
regulators
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs

Commentary

Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
Johnson textbook
BRE Companion
Special edition ProcICE
on Eurocodes
Modelling of steel and
composite building
structures for analysis
Calibration examples
See also updated SCI
Publications, above

Worked
examples

Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
Johnson textbook
BRE Examples
Modelling of steel and
composite building
structures for analysis
See also updated SCI
Publications, above

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

BRE Companion

Teachers of design

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)

Product suppliers

Software Developers

As Designers and
regulators

BRE Companion?
Special edition ICE
Proc on Eurocodes
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Updated SCI
Publications
Best practice in
composite floor
construction
Green book on
composite connections

Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
Johnson textbook
BRE Companion
Updated SCI
Publications:
Web openings
Design of composite
and non-composite
cellular beams
Publications on
Slimdek
Green book on
composite connections

Designers Guide to
EN 1994-1-1
Modelling of steel and
composite building
structures for analysis
Calibration examples
See also updated SCI
Publications, above

As Designers and
regulators

Case studies

Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
Johnson textbook
BRE Examples?
Updated SCI
Publications:
Web openings
Design of composite
and non-composite
cellular beams
Publications on
Slimdek

Designers Guide to
EN 1994-1-1
BRE Examples
Modelling of steel and
composite building
structures for analysis
See also updated SCI
Publications, above

22

Table 3.4a EN 1994-1-1: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - General - Common rules and rules for buildings
(continued)
Stakeholders
Software

Teaching
materials students

Designers and
regulators
Individual modules for
element design (scope is
elements/forms of
construction as for
Technical Manuals, see
above)
Integrated
analysis/design
packages
Web-based information
source
Web-based tutor
IStructE Manual
BRE Examples
BSI Student Guide
See also updated SCI
Publications, above
Updated steelwork
textbooks (eg Trahair et
al, Nethercot, Morris
and Plum) to include
simple composite beams
See Software, above
Modelling of steel and
composite building
structures for analysis

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
Web-based information
source

Product suppliers
Element design (but
provided in-house?)
Web-based information
source
.

As Designers and
regulators

Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Updated SCI
Publications on best
practice in composite
floor construction
Green book on
composite connections
Case studies?

23

BRE Examples
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Updated SCI
Publications:
Web openings
Design of composite
and non-composite
cellular beams
Publications on
Slimdek
Green book on
composite connections
See Software, above

Software Developers

Table 3.4a EN 1994-1-1: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - General - Common rules and rules for buildings
(continued)
Stakeholders
Teaching
materials practitioners

Designers and
regulators
IStructE Manual
BRE Companion
BRE Examples
BSI Student Guide
See also updated SCI
Publications, above
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Modelling of steel and
composite building
structures for analysis
Calibration examples
See Software, above
Training courses (eg
Eurocodes Expert, SCI,
IStructE)

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators

Other

24

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
BRE Companion
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Updated SCI
Publications
Best practice in
composite floor
construction
Green book on
composite connections
Case studies

Product suppliers
BRE Companion
BRE Examples
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Updated SCI
Publications:
Web openings
Design of composite
and non-composite
cellular beams
Publications on
Slimdek
Green book on
composite connections
Training courses
(provided by in-house
staff)

Software Developers

Table 3.4b EN 1994-1-2: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - General - Structural fire design
Stakeholders
Designers and regulators
Nontechnical
documents

Implementation of the
Structural Eurocodes in the
UK

Technical
manuals

Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
Updates of at least the
following SCI Publications:
Structural fire design to
EC3 & EC4, and
comparison with BS 5950
Guidance on the use of
Intumescent coatings for
the Fire Protection of
Beams with Web Openings
Fire safe design: A new
approach to multi-storey
steel-framed buildings
The fire resistance of
concrete filled tubes to
Eurocode 4
Design of steel framed
buildings without applied
fire protection
Publications on Slimdek
Steel designers manual
Manufacturershandbooksfor
composite slabs

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
As Designers and
regulators

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators
As Designers and
regulators

25

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
As Designers and
regulators
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Updated SCI
Publications on best
practice in composite
floor construction
Guidance on the use
of Intumescent
coatings for the Fire
Protection of Beams
with Web Openings,
Fire protection for
structural steel in
buildings Design of
steel framed buildings
without applied fire
protection

Product suppliers

Software Developers

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
Manufacturers
handbooksfor
composite slabs
Updated SCI
Publications:
Guidance on the use
of Intumescent
coatings for the Fire
Protection of Beams
with Web Openings,
Fire protection for
structural steel in
buildings Publications
on Slimdek
Manufacturers data
sheets for protective
systems

Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
Updates of at least the
following SCI
Publications:
Structural fire design
to EC3 & EC4, and
comparison with BS
5950
Guidance on the use
of Intumescent
coatings for the Fire
Protection of Beams
with Web Openings
Fire safe design: A
new approach to
multi-storey steelframed buildings
The fire resistance of
concrete filled tubes to
Eurocode 4
Design of steel framed
buildings without
applied fire protection
Publications on
Slimdek
Steel designers
manual

Table 3.4b EN 1994-1-2: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - General - Structural fire design (continued)
Stakeholders
Commentary

Designers and
regulators
Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
BRE Companion
Special edition ProcICE
on Eurocodes
Calibration examples
Updated SCI
Publications, above

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
BRE Companion

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
BRE Companion
Special edition ProcICE
on Eurocodes
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Updated SCI
Publications, above

Product suppliers
Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
BRE Companion
Updated SCI
Publications, above

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Worked
examples

Designers Guide to EN
1994-1-1
BRE Examples

As Designers and
regulators

Case studies

As Designers and
regulators
Updated SCI
Publication: Guidance
on the use of
Intumescent coatings
for the Fire Protection
of Beams with Web
Opening
Examples provided by
supplier

Software

Integrated
analysis/design
packages (with
capability for separate
use of individual
modules)
Web-based information
source
Web-based tutor

As Designers and
regulators

Integrated
analysis/design
packages (with
capability for separate
use of individual
modules)?
Web-based information
source

Element design
(provided by supplier)
Web-based information
source

26

Software Developers

Table 3.4b EN 1994-1-2: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - General - Structural fire design (continued)
Stakeholders
Teaching
materials students

Teaching
materials practitioners

Designers and
regulators
BRE Examples
See also updated SCI
Publications, above
Updated textbooks
See Software, above

BRE Companion
BRE Examples
See also updated SCI
Publications, above
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Calibration examples
See Software, above
Training courses (eg
Eurocodes Expert, SCI,
IStructE)

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
Manufacturers handbooks
for composite slabs
Updated SCI Publications,
above
Manufacturers data sheets
for protective systems
Case studies?

BRE Companion
Manufacturers handbooks
for composite slabs
Updated SCI Publications
above
Manufacturers data sheets
for protective systems
Case studies?

Other

27

Product suppliers
As Designers and
regulators
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Manufacturers data
sheets for protective
systems
Examples provided by
supplier
BRE Companion
BRE Examples
Manufacturers
handbooks for
composite slabs
Updated SCI
Publications
Manufacturers data
sheets for protective
systems
Examples provided by
supplier
Training courses
(provided by supplier)

Software Developers

Table 3.4c EN 1994-2: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Bridges
Stakeholders
Nontechnical
documents
Technical
manuals

Designers and
regulators
Implementation of the
Structural Eurocodes in
the UK

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
As Designers and
regulators

Designers Guide to EN
1994-2
Updates of at least the
following SCI
Publications:
Design guide for
Composite Highway
Bridges: General
guidance
Integral steel bridges:
Design guidance
Design guide for
simply supported
composite bridges
Design guide for
continuous composite
bridges
Design guide for
composite box girder
bridges
Fatigue verification
using EC2, EC3 and
EC4
Joints in composite
bridges

Technical needs of
owners and clients for
bridge works are as for
other stakeholders
Non-technical needs:
not applicable

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators
As Designers and
regulators

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
As Designers and
regulators
Updates of at least the
following SCI
Publications:
Guidance notes on best
practice in steel bridge
construction

28

Product suppliers

Software Developers

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Designers Guide to EN
1994-2

As Designers and
regulators

Table 3.4c EN 1994-2: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Bridges (continued)
Stakeholders

Commentary

Designers and
regulators
Residual standard
covering shear
connectors other than
headed studs, shear
studs with uplift,
treatment of settlement
at ULS, fully encased
filler beams, design
iutilising formwork
other than precast
concrete
Updated HA Design
Manual for Roads and
Bridges (DMRB)

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Designers Guide to EN
1994-2
Revised textbook (eg
Johnson and Buckby)
Modelling steel and
composite bridges for
analysis
Calibration examples
See also updated SCI
Publications, above
Fatigue verification
using EC2, EC3 and
EC4
Joints in composite
bridges
DMRB, as above

Technical needs of
owners and clients for
bridge works are as for
other stakeholders
Non-technical needs:
ODPM Implementation
Document Feb 03

Teachers of design

As Designers and
regulators

29

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)

Product suppliers

Software Developers

Designers Guide to EN
1994-2

Designers Guide to EN
1994-2
Modelling steel and
composite bridges for
analysis
Calibration examples
See also updated SCI
Publications, above
Fatigue verification
using EC2, EC3 and
EC4
Joints in composite
bridges
DMRB, as above

Table 3.4c EN 1994-2: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Bridges (continued)
Stakeholders
Worked
examples

Software

Teaching
materials students

Designers and
regulators
Designers Guide to EN
1994-2
Modelling steel and
composite bridges for
analysis
See also updated SCI
Publications above
and:
Design guide for
Composite Highway
Bridges: Worked
examples
Integral steel bridges:
Design of a multispan bridge - Worked
example
Fatigue verification
Joints
Integrated design/detail
packages (with
capability for separate
use of individual
modules)
Web-based information
source
Web-based tutor

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
Technical needs of
owners and clients for
bridge works are as for
other stakeholders
Non-technical needs:
not applicable

Teachers of design

Technical needs of
owners and clients for
bridge works are as for
other stakeholders
Non-technical needs:
not applicable

As Designers and
regulators

Integrated
analysis/design
packages (with
capability for separate
use of individual
modules)?
Web-based information
source

As above for Manuals,

Commentary, Worked
Examples and Software

Technical needs of
owners and clients for
bridge works are as for
other stakeholders
Non-technical needs:
not applicable

As above for Manuals,

Commentary, Worked
Examples and Software

Case studies

As Designers and
regulators

30

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
Case studies

Product suppliers
Designers Guide to EN
1994-2

Element design (but

provided in-house?)
Web-based information
source

Software Developers
As Designers and
regulators

Table 3.4c EN 1994-2: Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Bridges (continued)
Stakeholders
Teaching
materials practitioners

Designers and
regulators
As above for Manuals,
Commentary, Worked
Examples and Software
[Link] courses (eg
Eurocodes Expert, SCI,
IStructE)

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
Technical needs of
owners and clients for
bridge works are as for
other stakeholders
Non-technical needs:
not applicable

Teachers of design
As above for Manuals,
Commentary, Worked
Examples and Software
[Link] courses (eg
Eurocodes Expert, SCI,
IStructE)

Other

31

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
Case studies

Product suppliers
Training courses
(provided by in-house
staff)

Software Developers

Table 3.5 EN 1995: Design of timber structures

Stakeholders
Designers and regulators
Nontechnical
documents

Technical
manuals

Commentary

Clear and up to date timelines

for code development progress
& publication of supporting
material delivered via
Institutions, RAs & Eurocodes
Expert.
Documents to give clear
guidance on status of
Eurocodes & cross reference
to Building Regulations, to
facilitate approval process
Essential resources to outline
logical progression through the
design process rather than
follow EC5 format. Include
EC0 & EC1 essential guidance
eg IStructE Manual.
Include flow charts to assist
with broad or early design
decisions.
Full or abridged contents of
EC5, drawing-in essential
citations from EC0 and EC1,
supported by annotations and
commentary. Cross-references
to other guidance in
preparation.
BSI Guidance & Interpretation
PD (Published Document)

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
Outline basic
understanding of the
implications and
benefits of Eurocodes
on purchasing,
specifications, design
process, marketing
advantage etc.

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
As Designers and
regulators

Product suppliers
As Designers and
regulators

Software Developers
As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

32

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Table 3.5 EN 1995: Design of timber structures (continued)

Stakeholders
Designers and regulators
Worked
examples

Software

Paper and electronic (web

delivered) examples for
practising engineers to cover
common and also more
complex design problems eg
updated TRADA EC5 Worked
Examples
Opportunity to illustrate
intricate design problems and
showcase innovative methods
& materials where
appropriate. Dissemination to
the timber industry by TRADA
Dissemination to general
practitioners, alongside other
Eurocode material, by
Institutions, BRE and
Eurocodes Expert
Stand alone (affordable)
software tools to deal with
common element design
problems eg joists/beams,
studs/columns, composites,
connections etc.
Plus, modules for inclusion in
industry standard packages
e.g. TEDDS.

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators but with
additional lecturer
resources.

Intranet teaching
resources.

33

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
As Designers and
regulators

Product suppliers
As Designers and
regulators

Software Developers
As Designers and
regulators

A central resource for

technical verification
of software should be
considered in light of
the potential for
varying interpretation
of Eurocodes.

Table 3.5 EN 1995: Design of timber structures (continued)

Stakeholders
Designers and regulators

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teaching materials
with a Eurocodes
safety format
background, suitable
for delivery through
Universities, as part
of mainstream
Civil/Structural
Engineering degree
courses. CTE has the
beginnings of an EC5
core teaching
resource linked to
online learning.
Enhance & distribute
TRADA Timber
Design Knowledge
teaching resource

Teaching
materials students

Teaching
materials practitioners

Teachers of design

CPD events complimented with

longer training courses,
workshops and online learning
resources.
Dissemination routes as for
Worked Examples.
Regulatory bodies need to be
equipped with knowledge &
information to enable them to
review, comment on and
approve Eurocode-based
design submissions.

Similar range of
delivery mechanisms
but focus on benefits
of adoption,
specification advice,
safety issues,
competitiveness,
approval process,
timelines for
introduction etc.

34

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)

Product suppliers

Software Developers

Table 3.5 EN 1995: Design of timber structures (continued)

Stakeholders
Designers and regulators
Other

Tabular look-up information

for common design problemseg
updated TRADA Design Aids &
Guidance Documents

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators

35

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
As Designers and
regulators

Product suppliers
As Designers and
regulators

Software Developers
As Designers and
regulators

Table 3.6 EN 1996: Design of Masonry Structures

Stakeholders
Designers and
regulators
Advisory line
Web based directory of
what is available and
where to get it cross
referenced to EC6
FAQs

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
As Designers and
regulators

Technical
manuals

IStructE Manual
Designers Guide to EN
1996
BRE Handbook
Update of BDA design
manuals
Update of Granada /
Curtin design
publications

Workmanship Guide to
EN1996-2

IStructE Manual
Designers Guide to EN
1996
BRE Handbook
Update of BDA design
manuals
Update of Granada /
Curtin design
publications
Workmanship Guide to
EN1996-2

As Designers and
regulators
Workmanship Guide to
EN1996-2

Commentary

Designers Guide to EN
1996
BRE Companion
Update of BMS ENV
guidance document

BRE Companion

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Worked
examples

Update of BMS ENV

guidance document
Case study sheets for
typical design situations

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Software

Commercial packages
for EN 1996-1-1

Nontechnical
documents

Teachers of design
As Designers and
regulators

36

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)
As Designers and
regulators

Product suppliers

Software Developers

As Designers and
regulators

Workmanship Guide to
EN1996-2

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

Case study sheets

As Designers and
regulators

Table 3.6 EN 1996: Design of Masonry Structures (continued)

Stakeholders
Teaching
materials students

Designers and
regulators
IStructE Manual
BSI Student guide

Teaching
materials practitioners

IStructE Manual
Seminars/Workshops
Distance learning
packages

Other

Advisory line
Web based directory of
what is available and
where to get it cross
referenced to EC6
FAQs

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teachers of design

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)

Product suppliers

IStructE Manual
BSI Student Guide
As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

As Designers and
regulators

37

As Designers and
regulators

Software Developers

Table 3.7 EN 1997: Geotechnical design

Stakeholders
Designers and
regulators
Non-technical
documents
Technical
manuals

Designers Guide to
EN 1997
BRE Simple design

guide (to BS EN
1997)

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
Implementation of the
Structural Eurocodes in
the UK

Teachers of design

Designers Guide to
EN 1997
BRE Simple design

BSI Student Guide

Commentary

Designers Guide to
EN 1997
EC7: Differences
from current practice

Designers Guide to
EN 1997
BSI Student Guide

Worked
examples

Designers Guide to
EN 1997
BRE Simple design

BSI Student Guide

Designers Guide to
EN 1997
BRE Simple design

EC7: Differences
from current practice
Updates of standard
textbooks (e.g.
Tomlinson)

As Designers and
regulators

guide (to BS EN
1997)

EC7: Differences
from current practice

guide (to BS EN
1997)

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)

guide (to BS EN
1997)

EC7: Differences from

current practice
Updates of standard
textbooks (e.g.
Tomlinson)

38

As Designers and
regulators

Product suppliers

Software Developers

Table 3.7 EN 1997: Geotechnical design (continued)

Stakeholders
Software

Designers and
regulators
Updates of entire range
of geotechnical design
software including
advanced numerical
analysis

Teachers of design

BSI Student Guide

IStructE Training
Courses
Updated University
courses

Teaching
materials students

Teaching
materials practitioners

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

BSI Student Guide

BRE practical design
guide
IStructE Training
Courses

BSI Student Guide

Designers Guide to
EN 1997
BRE practical design
guide
EC7: Differences from
current practice
IStructE Training
Courses

Other

39

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)

Product suppliers

Software Developers

Table 3.8 EN 1998: Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures

Stakeholders
Nontechnical
documents

Designers and
regulators
This will depend on the
content of the National
Foreword; if as
anticipated, this makes
the application of
seismic design in the
UK for normal
buildings a
discretionary matter,
presumably no
guidance is required.

Technical
manuals

IStructE manual on
EC8 Parts 1 & 5

Commentary

Designers Guide to EN
1998-1, 1998-3, 1998-5
Commentary material
on Part 2-Bridges and
Part 6- Towers and
masts

Worked
examples

These may be included

as part of the
Designers Guide to EN
1998-1, 1998-3, 1998-5
commentary, and
perhaps also elsewhere

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients
Explanation of
circumstances where
seismic design might be
advisable in the UK

Teachers of design

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)

Product suppliers

Manufacturers of
seismic isolation
bearings may develop
material

40

Software Developers

Table 3.8 EN 1998: Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures (continued)
Stakeholders
Software

Designers and
regulators
Regular users of EC8
may well develop their
own software, possibly
in the form of macros.
Software houses will
probably want to
develop add-ons for
dynamic analysis
packages to carry out
verifications to EC8,
but normal commercial
forces should take care
of this.

Teaching
materials students

Universities may
develop their own
teaching materials
related to EC8 in the
context of their existing
seismic courses as they
see necessary.

Teaching
materials practitioners

IStructE, ICE, SECED

are likely to offer
training and guidance
related to EC8.

Non-Technical
eg owners, clients

Teachers of design

Construction
(Engineers/Technical)

Product suppliers

Manufacturers of
seismic isolation
bearings may develop
material

Other

41

Software Developers

Specific points relating to either particular Eurocodes or the needs of some of the
different users are discussed below.
3.4.1 Issues related to particular Eurocodes or individual parts
[Link] ENs 1990 and 1991
EN 1990 (Basis of design) and EN 1991 (Actions on structures) will be used in
conjunction with all the other Eurocodes and guidance on their application will be a
crucial part of implementation of the entire suite of Eurocodes. However, they are not
owned by a particular sector of the industry as are the Eurocodes dealing with
particular materials. Consequently, there is no natural focus for provision of what is
required and it is understood that ODPM accepts that much of the funding for this
work will have to fall on government.
It should be noted that unlike the current British Standards the load combinations to
be adopted in design do not appear in the codes for different materials so this
information from EN 1990 will need to be incorporated into handbooks and other
documents.
EN 1991 is perceived as being complicated to apply and therefore difficulties with its
implementation are envisaged.
[Link] EN 1992
In general, EN 1992 (Design of concrete structures), used in conjunction with the
National Annex, will not be particularly different from BS8110. For building
structures, it gives similar answers to BS8110. It will give designers the opportunity
to derive benefit from the considerable advances in concrete technology over recent
years. It is less easy to make comparisons for other types of structure.
There are several issues of concern that need to be addressed. These include:

Materials and workmanship is in a separate standard yet to be finalised

the many individual standards for materials are in various states of preparation
There is debate as to what is the most appropriate value for cc (the coefficient
accounting for long-term load effects)
for building structures, the simplified load combinations need to be permitted
via the UK National Annex
Detailing will be affected. For instance, more and smaller bars are likely,
unless crack widths are checked
new fire engineering methods are available
the variable strut inclination method (aka strut and tie method) is used for
shear design: this is new to UK designers. Where required, shear
reinforcement for beams is determined ignoring the contribution from the
concrete
EN 1992 is less prescriptive than its British Standard counterparts and will
therefore need more guidance.
non-linear analysis for serviceability limit state

42

treatment of unbonded tendons with respect to shear reinforcement

[Link] EN 1993
EN 1993 (Design of steel structures) covers several topics including:

strength and stability of shells

selection of steel for fracture toughness and through thickness properties
design of structures with tension components

not previously dealt with explicitly by British Standards.

It also distributes material traditionally found in a single British Standard between
several Parts, making the location and usage of the rules necessary for the conduct of
an actual design more troublesome. Because the tradition within British Steelwork
Codes of giving detailed procedures for common tasks has not been replicated a
more scientific approach is adopted in EN 1993 that requires more from the user in
terms of implementation UK designers will expect and require guidance on use.
Finally, several topics typically covered in significant detail in British Standards have
been omitted so that the provision of supplementary technical information is essential.
[Link] EN 1994
EN 1994 (Design of composite steel and concrete structures) requires much more
careful consideration of shrinkage, second order and thermal effects than BS5950-3
and these differences need to be highlighted to designers.
Manufacturers of profiled metal sheeting will need to reassess their test results for
composite slabs and reinterpret them for use with EN 1994. In some cases additional
tests may need to be carried out.
[Link] EN 1995
Unlike the other Eurocodes relating to materials, the introduction of EN 1995 (Design
of timber structures) brings with it a change from permissible stress to limit state
design. Whilst this will no doubt be welcomed by those who are familiar with limit
state design in other materials and use timber only occasionally, many designers in
timber are specialists without experience of limit state methods. Implementation of
EN 1995 is therefore a particularly substantial task and it is essential that guidance
material is made available in a timely manner.
[Link] EN 1996
When designing in masonry workmanship and choice of material are of particular
importance so whilst not strictly structural matters guidance on these issues will be
required to enable the successful implementation of EN 1996 (Design of masonry
structures).

43

[Link] EN 1997
To date within the UK the extent to which geotechnical design has been codified has
been much less than in other sectors. Consequently the introduction of EN 1997
(Geotechnical design) will represent a marked change in UK practice and the needs of
geotechnical designers in order to permit them to adapt to the change will be
significant.
Whilst the National Annex for EN 1997 will stipulate that Design Approach 1 should
be used in the UK, guidance on all three design approaches permitted by the code will
be required in order to enable UK based engineers to work in other countries.
EN 1997-2 will represent a change in the way in which geotechnical parameters for
design are developed from testing. Guidance will be needed on the derivation and
application of characteristic values based on EN 1997-2 and how these fit with the EN
1997-1 framework of design approaches, partial factors and limit and serviceability
state design.
Guidance on the design of temporary works will also be required.
There is no coherent geotechnical industry to fund the production of guidance.
[Link] EN 1998
It is not yet known whether or not EN 1998 (Design of structures for earthquake
resistance) will be mandatory in the UK, and UK needs depend to some extent on the
outcome of this decision. However, a likely outcome is that the UK national foreword
may use wording similar to that employed for the ENV version of the code: Within
the UK, application of EN 1998 should not be necessary, unless the client or user of
the works assesses that the associated seismic risk is such that it needs to be
addressed. If a similar form of words is used, then it is important that guidance
material should be available, for both non-technical stakeholders (owners, clients etc)
as well as professional users of the code, addressing the circumstances in which
seismic risk needs to be addressed in UK buildings, bridges and possibly other forms
of civil engineering construction included within the scope of EN 1998. Financial
support for the preparation of this guidance will be needed.
Quite separately, technical guidance on the use of EN 1998 will be needed for
designers working in seismic areas of Europe and (most likely) other seismically
active parts of the world. UK expertise in this area gives a significant competitive
advantage and is an important source of foreign earnings. For over 25 years, an active
seismic engineering skills group has existed in the UK, focused around the technical
societies SECED (hosted by the Institution of Civil Engineers) and EEFIT (hosted by
the Institution of Structural Engineers). In addition, there are long established and
well recognised centres of academic excellence in earthquake engineering in a number
of UK universities. This seismic skills group has already started to become involved
in producing training and guidance material, at both university education and CPD
levels, and this process is likely to continue. The skills group has excellent contacts
with European counterparts, and preparation of guidance material in conjunction with

44

them may well be appropriate.

Funding will be needed if the proposed
IStructE/SECED manual on EN 1998 is to be realised.
[Link] EN 1999
Aluminium is used infrequently in comparison to other materials and hence EN 1999
(Design of aluminium structures) is likely to receive limited use. Whilst it is difficult
to justify any significant expenditure solely within the UK there is scope for any
necessary guidance material to be produced collaboratively across Europe.
[Link] Annex A2 of EN 1990 Parts 2 of ENs 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, and
1998
Historically in the UK the design of bridges has been codified separately from
buildings and other structures. However, within the Eurocodes the specific provisions
for their design are presented in part 2 of each of the appropriate codes (and Annex
A2 of EN 1990). In each case part 2 must be read in conjunction with the associated
part 1 rather than being a stand alone document. Consequently it is important that the
impact on bridge design of decisions being reached in respect of the National Annexes
for Part 1, largely from the perspective of buildings, are considered in some detail.
Within the UK much of the input to the bridge parts of the Eurocodes has been
provided by the Highways Agency and other major clients such as Network Rail. The
Highways Agency is actively involved in the development of the relevant National
Annexes and it also has work in hand to update its own guidance documentation over
the next few years to bring it into line with the requirements of the Eurocodes.
Specific guidance will be required on:

Concrete bridges
early thermal effects
design of integral bridges
Steel bridges
distortional effects of bridge girders
the treatment of lateral torsional buckling for cantilevers or when the end
supports are flexible
design of stiffeners in deck plates
design of load bearing diaphragms
Composite bridges
shear studs subject to uplift
lateral buckling with flexible restraints
global and local load combinations
fully encased filler beams
permanent formwork other than pre-cast concrete
how to apply the capacity equation for composite beam and slab
construction

3.4.2 Needs of specific user groups

45

[Link] Non-technical users

Some guidance on the process and effect of implementation of the Eurocodes will
need to be provided to enable designers and others to explain the transition to nontechnical users such as clients and insurers. In addition to general information of this
type a handbook to EN 1990 setting down the philosophy and basis of the Eurocodes,
written specifically for clients to ensure that they are aware of the implied safety
provisions in the Eurocodes, such as reliability levels, is required.
[Link] Designers and regulators
In order for them to be able to prepare for the transition to the Eurocodes, designers
will need access to a clear jargon free programme with dates of:

publication of the Eurocodes

publication of the National Annexes
availability of guidance documents
availability of design aids
withdrawal of British Standards

As it is inevitable that some of these dates will change the programme will need to be
updated on a regular basis. They also require timely provision of appropriate guidance
material including worked examples, software and cost effective training. A helpdesk
to provide assistance with interpretation or other difficulties in using the codes is also
deemed to be essential.
For those designers involved in projects outside the UK it is also desirable for the
National Annexes and associated NCCI from other member states to be available in
English.
The Committee received some input from Building Control Officers through the
District Surveyors Association. From this it would appear that their needs are virtually
identical to those of designers.
[Link] Academia and those providing training
Academics have particular requirements which can be summarised as follows:

Teaching notes to minimise the effort required to update their current notes
Access to a concise version of the Eurocodes. A single document with extracts
from the material and loading Eurocodes would be particularly useful (it is
understood that the document of this type being prepared by BSI contains
much material drawn from draft versions of the codes and so it will be of
limited use).
Textbooks to Eurocodes
Background information to the Eurocodes so that the principles behind design
methods can be explained

46

In addition to the various guidance documents identified in the relevant sections of

tables 3.2 to 3.8, those who will be required to teach courses on design to the
Eurocodes, both within universities and as continuing professional development for
practitioners, will themselves require training. The number of people within the UK
who currently have the expertise to enable them to provide such training is limited to
a few individuals for each Eurocode and in many cases they are the same individuals
who will be heavily involved in preparing guidance documents.
[Link] Software producers
Most analysis and design calculations undertaken by structural engineers are carried
out using one form of software or another. The wide range of application of software
from all vendors and the equally wide range of structural Eurocodes means that
virtually all current software will require to be rewritten. This is equally true of
software that is written in-house by designers, including spreadsheets, and of software
that is provided by product suppliers e.g. purlin/side rail manufacturers.
This is a substantial task, for example one software house estimates that the effort to
update their full product portfolio is of the order of 20-25 man/years. It is believed
that the provision of software to the Eurocodes in certain sectors i.e. concrete, steel
and composite design is absolutely key to the successful implementation and
acceptance of the Eurocodes. The size of the task is such that it will not be possible to
produce the software required all at once.
Whilst there is a wide range of software, the scope and extent of the systems
associated with the different material sectors is perceived to be different. The whole
range of software applications that needs to be considered includes concept, estimate
design, visualization, 3D modelling, analysis, design and detailing. For the timber and
masonry sectors, the implementation of the Eurocodes at element level might be
adequate. Whilst this is also important for the concrete and steelwork sectors, the
nature of the industry in these sectors requires software for whole building design
including global structural requirements e.g. stability and integrity. This affects
analysis as well as design.
Experience suggests that when any structural code or design guide is implemented
into software, many clarification and interpretation issues, omissions and even errors
within such design documents need to be resolved. This experience is based on
implementing well established, UK sourced documents. Such issues are likely to be
more in both number and severity with the Eurocodes. A mechanism for solving these
is seen as particularly important from the points of view of timing, consistency and
safety.
Assuming that the individual Eurocodes and their associated National Annexes are
published in a timely manner, the most important requirements are the identification
and publication of Residual Standards and other NCCI. These are likely to contain so
much information that is essential for day-to-day design that design guides and
software are likely to be seriously deficient without them.
The engineering specification of a software development project can only be
undertaken effectively when the final version of the appropriate Eurocode(s), National

47

Annex(es), Residual Standards and other NCCI is accessible (although not necessarily
published) and all interpretation issues resolved. For commercial software houses, this
engineering specification represents about 30% of the whole software development
project. Hence, after the right information is available and incorporated there is still
70% of the job left for the software developer to complete.
From the software users point of view, the timely publication of benchmark
examples and/or worked examples would help to provide them with confidence that
the software is performing correctly. Designers are likely to have to spend much
resource (time and money) on learning to work to the Eurocodes and so the
publication of such examples would alleviate the additional costs of satisfying
themselves of the validity of what will be completely new software.
3.5 Other issues
During the course of this study the Committee identified some issues which fell
outside its remit but which will either have an impact on the implementation of the
structural Eurocodes or be affected by their introduction. Each of these is discussed
briefly in the sections that follow.
3.5.1 Execution, product and testing standards
The structural Eurocodes will not operate in isolation as their practical application
will require the use of European execution, product and testing standards. The issues
related to the implementation of these standards are similar to those for the structural
Eurocodes and it is recommended that a similar exercise is conducted to establish
what needs to be done to facilitate their introduction in the UK.
The publication of European product standards, and subsequent withdrawal of the
corresponding British Standards, will require a number of the current British
Standards that will eventually be replaced by the structural Eurocodes to be revised
and reissued for use in the intervening time. Whilst work to do this is well advanced
in some areas, a consistent policy covering all the existing British Standards is
required. The necessary work should not be underestimated and failure to provide
resources to allow revised standards to be published in a timely manner will result in
considerable confusion within the industry.
3.5.2 British Standards for specialist structures not covered by the Eurocodes
Whilst the structural Eurocodes will become the primary design standards for
buildings and many civil engineering structures, they do not include provisions for
certain types of specialised structures such as maritime and reinforced earth
structures. The relevant British Standards will therefore be retained but, as they make
reference to other British Standards that will be withdrawn, they will need to be
revised to make them compatible with the Eurocodes.
3.5.3 Future care and maintenance
The mechanism by which both errors in the Eurocodes and their future updating is to
be handled needs to be clarified. It is understood that CEN is considering forming

48

maintenance groups but that no further European funding for the Eurocodes will be
provided until the end of the coexistence period. It is essential that the UK engage in
whatever process is put in place and that adequate funding is provided to those
involved.

49

4 Recommendations
4.1 Introduction
The Committees recommendations, including some issues that require urgent
resolution and proposals for future development of the strategy, are presented in the
sections that follow.
4.2 Urgent issues
A number of issues that require resolution if the implementation of the structural
Eurocodes in the UK is to be accomplished in a timely and efficient manner have been
identified, these are:

The strategy for calibration of the National Annexes

Copyright policy with regard to the Eurocodes, the National Annexes and
information currently available in British Standards that will be needed
beyond the withdrawal of these standards
Identification of the requirements for residual standards, resources required
and a programme for their production

The responsibility for all of these points lies primarily within the remit of Committee
B/525 (Building and Civil Engineering Structures) at BSI and BSI is urged to make
sure they are addressed as a matter of urgency. Failure to do so will seriously affect
the ability of other organisations to provide guidance material of the type necessary to
the timescales required.
4.3 Specific needs identified
The specific needs identified, the resources required to provide them and potential
facilitators are discussed in the sections that follow.
4.3.1 Information sources
[Link] Programme
The availability of up-to-date information on the anticipated programme for
publication of:

Eurocode Parts
National Annexes
residual standards
NCCI
other guidance material
updated British Standards

and the eventual withdrawal of British Standards, will be essential for all user groups
throughout the transition. It is essential that this information is available free of charge
and presented in plain English without reference to CEN jargon. A dedicated web site,

50

updated regularly, would appear to be the most appropriate means of delivery. One
possibility would be for this to become part of the existing Eurocode Expert (see
Section 3.1) site.
[Link] Helpdesk
A technical helpdesk able to assist users of the Eurocodes in resolving queries and
sourcing guidance material will be essential, particularly to designers. It is
recommended that a central facility, offering a single point of contact for users, which
can then channel any detailed queries to sources of specific expertise, such as the
helpdesks already provided by several of the sector-specific research and development
associations, be established. The helpdesk might either be associated with the web site
proposed above (see Section [Link]) or run by one of the existing helpdesks on behalf
of the whole industry.
It is recommended that the helpdesk be put in place by no later than mid 2005. The
resources required will depend critically on the way in which it is established,
particularly the extent to which it is able to incorporate existing facilities in different
sectors.
4.3.2 Documents
The key documents that it is believed will be required together with an indication of
which organisations might take the lead in facilitating them (it should be noted that
this does not signify a commitment on the part of these organisations to produce these
items) and, where possible, the resources required are presented in Appendix E. By
way of illustration of the reasoning behind the recommendations made, the
justification for the inclusion of the items identified in table 3.4a (see section 3.4) are
presented in table 4.1.
In the time available to the Committee it was not possible to prepare detailed
estimates of the resources required for each individual item; where figures are given
in Appendix E these are rough estimates based on records of the preparation of similar
documents in the past. Taking the figures for those items where it has been possible to
provide an estimate to be representative of the other items in the list it is estimated
that the total resource required is of the order of 27 man years (or 5 million if a rate
of 100 per hour is assumed). It must also be appreciated that the number of
individuals who have the expertise necessary to enable them to undertake much of this
work is limited, particularly as many of those who have been involved with the
drafting of the Eurocodes have already retired or are planning to retire in the next few
years.
Guidance material related to Eurocodes 0 and 1 is essential and, in the absence of an
associated industry sector, government funding will be required to facilitate its
provision. It is estimated that 0.85 million will be required.
Whilst the sums indicated above are considerable, they should be viewed against the
potential costs to the UK if the construction industry is not adequately supported
during the transition. By way of illustration it has been estimated 4 that a ten per cent

51

Table 4.1 Justifications for requirements identified for EN 1994-1-1

Stakeholders (indicate with tick)
Construction
(Engineers/Technical)

Product supliers

Software developers

Explains introduction of the Eurocodes and how they will be used

Provides background to the provisions of EN 1994-1-1, interpretation and worked examples

To present provisions for common structural elements within the context of the overall design
process for building structures
To present information for the design of common composite elements, in a single volume
including elements in other materials

Teachers of design

Non-technical

ODPM Implementation Document

Feb 03
Thomas Telford Designers Guide
IStructE Manual

BSI Student Guide

SCI Publications:
Composite beam design to
Eurocode 4 (to include limiting
spans for simple beams)
Web openings
Design of composite and noncomposite cellular beams
Composite column design to
Eurocode 4 (to include resistances
of standard sections)
Design of composite beams using
precast concrete slabs
Publications on slim floors and
Slimdek and use of precast units
Green book on composite
connections

Justification

Designers and
regulators

Output

High priority; will give in a single volume the provisions from EN 1993-1-1 for un-propped
construction and from EN 1994-1-1 for the composite stage; also tables for design of composite
beams
High priority; will provide background for the design of cellular beams, in common use but not
covered by EN 1994
High priority; will provide provisions for the design of cellular beams, in common use but not
covered by EN 1994
Low priority; resistances need to be tabulated to reduce time in manual calculation, but at
present composite columns are not common in the UK
High priority; will provide background and design provisions for a useful form of construction
not covered by EN 1994-1-1
High priority; will provide background and design provisions for useful forms of construction
not covered by EN 1994-1-1
Low priority; tabulate properties to reduce time in manual calculation, but at present composite
joints are not common

52

Steel designers manual

Best practice in composite floor
construction
Manufacturers handbooks for
composite slabs

Johnson textbook

Other updated textbooks

BRE Companion

BRE Examples
Special edition ProcICE on
Eurocodes
Modelling of steel and composite
building structures for analysis
Calibration examples
Individual software modules for
element design
Integrated analysis/design software
packages
Web-based information source
Web-based tutor
Training courses

Justification

Software

Prod.
supl.

Consrt.

Teachers

Non-tech.

Des. and
reg.

Stakeholders (indicate with tick)

Output

High priority; provides an overview of steelwork and composite construction and worked
examples; good for students
Low priority; construction practice is not expected to change significantly as a result of use of EN
1994-1-1
High priority; manufacturers need to reassess test results and recalculate design tables based on
new definition of k; further tests may be needed; for ductile behaviour, EN 1994 introduces
partial shear connection as an alternative to the m-k method
Presents background and shows how EN 1994-1-1 may be used; appropriate for MEng/MSc
students and practising engineers
Undergraduate test books on steelwork commonly include simple composite beams; appropriate
for BEng students
To give an overview of the impact of the Eurocodes on UK practice, including issues related to
best value and environment
To demonstrate calculation methods and procedures
Provides an overview of the whole suite of Eurocodes, outlining technical content
High priority; guidance is needed on: simple construction; second-order analysis; member
imperfections; effects of temperature difference and shrinkage of concrete; semi-continuous joints
High priority; practitioners and regulatory authorities are naturally interested in changes resulting
from use of the Eurocodes
Software is essential to efficient design practice, both for stand-alone design of elements and for
an integrated approach to modelling, analysis, design and detailing
Web-based information and tutoring are essential resources for efficient implementation and
learning by practitioners and students
Courses will be needed at a variety of different levels, typically one-day events introducing a
particular Eurocode and more extended courses to develop competence in use of a particular
Eurocode Part. The Eurocodes Expert Roadshow already provides a half-day introduction to the
Eurocodes as a whole. Because of variety in curriculum, it is assumed that courses for
undergraduates (including Foundation degrees) will be developed by the lecturers concerned from
other available resources

53

loss in efficiency of directly code-related design activity in the UK steel construction

industry would equate to a loss of 10 million per annum.
4.3.3 Software
The impact on the industry of introducing the Eurocodes from the software vendors
viewpoint is described in Section [Link]. In summary, rewriting all of the software
for Eurocodes is an enormous task that cannot be completed all at once. Yet the main
material sectors (steel and concrete) are heavily reliant on software to execute the
design phase of building projects. To be able to support industry in such a
fundamental manner software vendors will need to be able to:

establish a commercial case for the large investment needed to rewrite the
software
access a reasonably accurate programme for publication of the Eurocodes,
National Annexes, residual standards and NCCI so that the software development
process can be worked backwards from these dates
establish which of the many individual programs and integrated packages should
be addressed first and prioritise the others
have access to interpretation and expert knowledge of the various Eurocodes and
supporting documentation

To assist the software vendors in their endeavour and thereby assist the industrys
take-up of Eurocodes a number of recommendations are made. These generally
coincide with other suggested initiatives to support other stakeholders.
The first bullet point above is purely a commercial issue for the software vendors but
not in the sense of if they should rewrite the software but when.
The second bullet point is addressed by the website proposed in section [Link].
In parallel with a reasonably accurate programme, the industry could make it known
which types of project they believe will be the subject of full or parallel design to the
appropriate Eurocode and when. This would also assist the producers of design
guidance and training courses where there is a similar problem of not being able to
update all guidance at one time. Whilst this would satisfy the third bullet point, it is
perhaps an over-expectation. However, as the first projects likely to be designed using
Eurocodes are those under the Public Procurement Directive 3, the situation regarding
the use of mixed materials and hence Eurocodes needs to be clarified (see Section
2.3).
The final bullet point is probably best approached on a sector by sector basis
particularly as the interpretation issues are more complex in some sectors eg steel than
in others eg masonry. For example, there is a fledgling initiative from the SCI to
gather the software vendors together and to agree with industry experts the
interpretation issues. This is only likely to succeed:

at an element level
providing the members attend on a quid pro quo basis

54

there is adequate independent funding for the experts from one or more of the
main beneficiaries ie designers, software houses, government or the main
material sector sponsors.

Although this could not address the global design issues referred to in Section
[Link], this would be an important initiative to resolve some of the basic issues. This
is unlikely to address all of the technical input that is required to rewrite software. A
substantial portion of this information will be contained in supporting documentation
that currently refers to UK codes. This will need to be updated and made available to
the software vendors eg the SCI publication on web openings in beams which is a
subject that is not dealt with at all in EN 1993 and EN 1994.
4.3.4 Training
Training on the use of the Eurocodes will be required at a number of different levels
including:

General awareness
Undergraduate and postgraduate
Continuing professional development

During the lead up to the publication of the Eurocodes and throughout the coexistance
period there will be a need for members of all the user groups within the UK to keep
up to date with the programme for their introduction. Whilst some of this general
awareness can be achieved by the provision of a web site (see section [Link]) and the
publication of journal articles, it is suggested that a programme of short presentations
at various locations around the country would be beneficial. It is recommended that it
would be appropriate for these to be coordinated by the professional institutions
though their network of local branches and associations.
The design approaches used in the Eurocodes should not change the teaching of
fundamental engineering principles which are already well established within
undergraduate and postgraduate courses. In terms of detail, academics will need
guidance on the timetable for switching to the Eurocodes and industrys views on
exposing students to both Eurocodes and British Standards in the interim period.
With the time pressures that members of the industry will be under it is essential that a
number of different mechanisms including both traditional courses and distance
learning and web based packages are exploited for providing the necessary training.
Increased use of software packages for design across the industry means that training
material should concentrate on developing an understanding of the overall objectives
of the codes and their differences from current British Standards rather than teaching a
step by step approach to design.
Whilst there is the opportunity for organisations providing training material and
courses to derive some income from sales and fees, it should be recognised that the
potential for this is limited and some additional resources will be required in order to
provide what will be necessary.

55

4.4 Other issues

As noted in section 3.5 there are a number of other issues that will have an effect on
the implementation of the Eurocodes, it is therefore recommended that:

An exercise be conducted to establish the needs of industry in respect of the

implementation of the European execution, product and testing standards (see
Section 3.5.1)
BSI develop a programme for the updating of British Standards for specialist
structures not covered by the Eurocodes (see Section 3.5.2)
The mechanism by which the Eurocodes are to be maintained in the future be
established and appropriate mechanisms for UK input into the process be
established (see Section 3.5.3)

4.5 Future development

This report presents the perceived needs of the UK construction industry in respect of
design guidance to support implementation of the structural Eurocodes at the time that
it was written. It has also attempted to identify the level of resource necessary. This is
an inexact process but combining the figure for documentation (see Section 4.3.2)
with some estimates of what will be required to provide web based information, a help
desk, support for software production and training resources would indicate a total in
the region of 10 million. This investment should, for example, be seen against the
background of an annual Government spend on construction of 40 billion.
Whilst it is unlikely that the overarching issues will change, it is probable that many
of the more detailed needs may change over time particularly as the programme of the
transition is itself likely to be subject to change. In addition, as noted above, the
provision of design guidance is only one element of what will be required to ensure
successful implementation of the Eurocodes. It is therefore recommended that a group
with a similar constitution to that assembled for this study be established to monitor
all aspects of the process of implementation and advise on changes to the strategy that
become necessary as the process progresses. With appropriate funding, the Institution
of Structural Engineers would be willing to facilitate such a group on behalf of
ODPM.

56

References
1. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister Implementation of Structural Eurocodes in
the UK, London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 2003
2. Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximate laws,
regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to
construction products.
3. Council Directive 98/4/EC of 16 February 1998 amending Directive 93/38/EEC
coordinating the procurement procedures of entities operating in the water,
energy, transport and telecommunications sectors.
4. Nethercot, D. Eurocode 3: a personal view, New Steel Construction, Vol 12, No
2, April 2004, pp 26-27.

57

Appendix A ODPM Specification

NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRUCTURAL
EUROCODES
1.

You are invited to submit a proposal for the development of a National

Strategy for Implementation of the Structural Eurocodes. The need for such a
strategy is becoming urgent now that the Eurocodes have started to be
published by BSI, albeit without their National Annexes at the present time.

INTRODUCTION
2.

It is commonly considered that many engineers here in the UK will postpone

adoption of the suite of Eurocodes until such time as the handbooks, guides
and software etc., become available. This is to be expected in view of the
formidable burden presented by the 56 Eurocode parts; many of which are
relatively complex and incorporate different approaches to current UK
practice. Moreover, many engineers will no doubt only wish to adopt the new
Codes if they should become mandatory. However, whilst the Eurcodes are
not mandatory (except in the case of public works), they will become the de
facto UK design Codes when our national Codes are withdrawn.

3.

As the coexistence period (when both our current national Codes and the
Eurocodes are available for use), is likely to extend effectively for only a 3 to
5 year period, the various aids and guidance documents need to be in place as
soon as possible in order to encourage engineers to exploit the coexistence
period to their advantage. The timescale is even more urgent in the case of
public works.

OBJECTIVE
4.

The aim of this invitation is to produce within a 3 month period an

overarching co-ordinated strategy to inform ODPM and other involved
stakeholders of the guidance material and training aids etc., required to ensure
the successful implementation of the Eurocodes. The strategy shall be
delivered to ODPM in the form of a report (ie. both a hard copy and an
electronic "word" version) outlining:

the range of guidance documents, software, training and dissemination

resources needed,
the guides etc., already available or currently being prepared,
the additional guides etc., required to achieve the above-mentioned
objective,
the preferred authors/publishers and facilitators,
the estimated costs involved, including industrial contributions in the case
of collaborative projects/ventures,
the proposed funding arrangements, and
the timescales involved.

58

METHODOLOGY
5.

The strategy shall be devised by a committee of representatives from the

engineering institutions, the prime sectors of the construction industry,
practising consultants, BSI, BRE, the Highways Agency, ODPM, academia,
software houses and publishers. A suggested constitution of the Strategy
Committee is attached at Annex A.

6.

The strategy committee shall liase with all stakeholders taking full account of
all those guidance documents currently being produced by the authoritative
organisations as well any training initiatives that are currently being devised.

7.

The ODPM Project Manager for this contract will be:

Mr Geoff Harding
18/A Portland House
Stag Place
London SW1E 5LP
Tel: 020 7944 5762
Fax: 020 7944 5739
Email: [Link]@[Link]
to whom all technical queries on this Contract should be directed. All procedural
and/or contractual queries should be directed to:
Mr Nilesh Patel
18/A Portland House
Stag Place
London SW1E 5LP
Tel: 020 7944 8790
Fax: 020 7944 5739
Email: [Link]@[Link]

59

ANNEX A
STRATEGY COMMITTEE - SUGGESTED CONSTITUTION
Chairman - Professor David Nethercot, President of the Institution of Structural
Engineers
The Institution of Civil Engineers
The Steel Construction Institute
CORUS
The Concrete Centre
British Cement Association
British Masonry Society
Brick Development Association
Timber Research and Development Association
UK Timber Engineering Group
Building Research Establishment
British Standards Institution
Eurocodes Expert/Thomas Telford Ltd
Highways Agency
ODPM
Practitioner - Large Consulting Practice
60

Practitioner - Small Consulting Practice

Academia Software producer -

61

Appendix B Membership of the Committee

Professor D A Nethercot, FREng BSc(Eng) PhD DSc FCGI CEng FIStructE FICE,
President IStructE, Chairman
Professor D Anderson, BSc(Eng) PhD CEng FIStructE FICE, representing the
Institution of Structural Engineers
Dr A J Bond, MA MSc PhD CEng MICE, representing the Institution of Civil
Engineers
E D Booth, MA(Cantab) CEng FIStructE FICE
S M Brown, BSc CEng MIStructE
S Chakrabarti, OBE BE MSc DIC CEng FIStructE MICE, representing the Highways
Agency
Dr P S Chana, BSc(Eng) PhD CEng FIStructE MICE, representing the British
Cement Association
Professor L A Clark, OBE FREng BEng PhD CEng FIStructE FICE
S Edwards, representing TRADA Technology Ltd
C H Goodchild, BSc CEng MIStructE MCIOB, representing The Concrete Centre
M Greenley, BTech, representing the British Standards Institution
G T Harding, DIC CEng FIStructE MICE, representing the Office of the Deputy
Prime Minister
B A Haseltine, FREng BSc(Eng) DIC CEng FIStructE FICE, representing the British
Masonry Society
Dr D B Moore, BTech PhD CEng MIStructE, representing the Building Research
Establishment
Dr G W Owens, FREng MSc PhD CEng FIStructE MICE MWeldI, representing the
Steel Construction Institute
A J Rathbone, BEng CEng MICE
J L Redmond, BSc CEng MIStructE MICE MaPS
B W Smith, FREng BA(Cantab) MS CEng FIStructE FICE FASCE
P J Steer, BSc(Eng) CEng MIStructE MIMgt, representing the UK Timber
Engineering Group

62

Dr H P J Taylor, FREng BScTech PhD CEng FIStructE FICE

R Thawrani, representing Eurocode Expert/Thomas Telford Ltd
A J Todd, BSc CEng MIStructE, representing CORUS
P Watt, BSc(Eng), representing the Brick Development Association
D B Williams, representing the British Standards Institution
Secretary to the Committee
Dr S M Doran, BSc(Eng) AKC PhD CEng MICE ACIS, the Institution of Structural
Engineers

63

Appendix C The structural Eurocodes, their packages and

withdrawal of British Standards
C.1 Eurocode Parts
Part

Title

Final text
released to
BSI by
CEN

EN 1990

Basis of structural design

Annex A2: Applications for bridges
Actions on structures
General actions - Densities, self weight
and imposed loads
General actions - Actions on structures
exposed to fire
General actions - Snow loads
General actions - Wind actions
General actions - Thermal actions
General actions - Actions during execution
General actions - Accidental actions
Traffic loads on bridges
Actions induced by cranes and machinery
Silos and tanks
Design of concrete structures
General rules and rules for buildings
General rules - Structural fire design
Bridges
Liquid retaining and containment
structures
Design of steel structures
General rules and rules for buildings
General rules - Structural fire design
General rules Supplementary rules for
cold-formed thin gauge members and
sheeting
General rules Supplementary rules for
stainless steel
Plated structural elements
General - Strength and stability of shell
structures
General - Strength of planar plated
structures loaded transversally
Design of joints
Fatigue strength of steel structures
Material toughness and through-thickness
properties

Apr 2002
Nov 2004

Published
by BSI
with
National
Annex
Apr 2004
Nov 2006

Apr 2002

Apr 2004

Nov 2002

Nov 2004

Jul 2003
May 2004
Oct 2003
Sep 2004
Jun 2005
Sep 2003
Oct 2004
Sep 2004

Dec 2004
May 2006
Oct 2005
Sep 2006
Dec 2007
Sep 2005
Oct 2006
Sep 2006

Jun 2004
Sep 2004
Feb 2005
Feb 2005

Apr 2005
Apr 2005
Feb 2007
Feb 2007

Jun 2004
Jun 2004
delayed

Jun 2006
Jun 2006
?

delayed

Dec 2004
Sep 2004

Dec 2006
Sep 2006

Will not be
produced
Oct 2003
Oct 2003
Oct 2003

Oct 2005
Oct 2005
Oct 2005

EN 1991
EN 1991-1-1
EN 1991-1-2
EN 1991-1-3
EN 1991-1-4
EN 1991-1-5
EN 1991-1-6
EN 1991-1-7
EN 1991-2
EN 1991-3
EN 1991-4
EN 1992
EN 1992-1-1
EN 1992-1-2
EN 1992-2
EN 1992-3
EN 1993
EN 1993-1-1
EN 1993-1-2
EN 1993-1-3
EN 1993-1-4
EN 1993-1-5
EN 1993-1-6
EN 1993-1-7
EN 1993-1-8
EN 1993-1-9
EN 1993-1-10

64

Part

Title

Final text
released to
BSI by
CEN

EN 1993-1-11

Design of structures with prefabricated

tension components
Additional rules for the extension of EN
1993 to grades S500 to S690
Steel bridges
Towers, masts and chimneys - towers and
masts
Towers, masts and chimneys - chimneys
Silos, tanks and pipelines - Silos
Silos, tanks and pipelines - Tanks
Silos, tanks and pipelines - Pipelines
Piling
Crane supporting structures
Design of composite steel and concrete
structures
General rules and rules for buildings
Structural rules - Structural fire design
Bridges
Design of timber structures
Common rules and rules for buildings
General - Structural fire design
Bridges
Design of masonry structures
Rules for reinforced and unreinforced
masonry
General rules - Structural fire design
Design, selection of materials and
execution of masonry
Simplified calculation methods and simple
rules
Geotechnical design
General rules
Ground investigation and testing
Design of structures for earthquake
resistance
General rules, seismic actions and rules for
buildings
Bridges
Assessment and retrofitting of buildings
Silos, tanks and pipelines

Dec 2004

Published
by BSI
with
National
Annex
Dec 2006

Feb 2005
Sep 2004

Feb 2007
Sep 2006

Sep 2004
Dec 2004
Dec 2004
Dec 2004
Jun 2004
Jul 2004

Sep 2006
Dec 2006
Dec 2006
Dec 2006
Jun 2006
Jul 2006

Jun 2004
Feb 2005
June 2005

May 2006
May 2006
June 2007

Jun 2004
Jun 2004
Sep 2004

May 2006
May 2006
Sep 2006

Jun 2004

Jun 2006

Jun 2004
Mar 2005

Jun 2006
?

Mar 2005

Jun 2004
Dec 2004

Jun 2006
Dec 2006

EN 1993-1-12
EN 1993-2
EN 1993-3-1
EN 1993-3-2
EN 1993-4-1
EN 1993-4-2
EN 1993-4-3
EN 1993-5
EN 1993-6
EN 1994
EN 1994-1-1
EN 1994-1-2
EN 1994-2
EN 1995
EN 1995-1-1
EN 1995-1-2
EN 1995-2
EN 1996
EN 1996-1-1
EN 1996-1-2
EN 1996-2
EN 1996-3
EN 1997
EN 1997-1
EN 1997-2
EN 1998
EN 1998-1
EN 1998-2
EN 1998-3
EN 1998-4
EN 1998-5

Foundations, retaining structures and

geotechnical aspects

65

Spring 2004 2005

July 2004
Spring 2005
Autumn
2005
Spring 2004

July 2006
2005
2006
2005

Part

Title

Final text
released to
BSI by
CEN

EN 1998-6

Towers, masts and chimneys

Autumn
2005

EN 1999
EN 1999-1-1
EN 1999-1-2
EN 1999-1-3

Design of aluminium structures

General rules
General - Structural fire design
Additional rules for structures susceptible
to fatigue
Supplementary rules for trapezoidal
sheeting
Supplementary rules for shell structures

EN 1999-1-4
EN 1999-1-5

Published
by BSI
with
National
Annex
2006

Dec 2004
Dec 2004
Dec 2004

Dec 2006
Dec 2006
Dec 2006

Dec 2004

Dec 2006

Jun 2005

C.2 Packages of Eurocode Parts

Package
Content
Date
EN 1992 Design of concrete structures
2/1
Building and civil engineering structures, excluding bridges
May 2006
and liquid retaining and containment structures.
2/2
Bridges.
Feb 2007
2/3
Liquid retaining and containment structures
Feb 2007
EN 1993 Design of steel structures
3/1
Building and civil engineering structures, excluding bridges,
Dec 2006?
silos, tanks and pipelines, steel piling, crane supporting
structures, and towers and masts.
3/2
Bridges.
Feb 2007
3/3
Silos, tanks and pipelines.
Dec 2006
3/4
Steel piling.
Jun 2006
3/5
Crane supporting structures.
Jul 2006
3/6
Towers, masts and chimneys.
Sep 2006
EN 1994 Design of composite steel and concrete structures
4/1
Building and civil engineering structures, excluding bridges.
May 2006
4/2
Bridges.
Jun 2007
EN 1995 Design of timber structures
5/1
Building and civil engineering structures, excluding bridges.
May 2006
5/2
Bridges.
Sep 2006
EN 1996 - Design of masonry structures
6
Building and civil engineering structures, excluding bridges.
?
EN 1999 Design of aluminium structures
9/1
All without fatigue.
Dec 2006
9/2
All with fatigue
Dec 2006
Note: Eurocode Parts from EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1997 and EN 1998 do not feature as
separate packages but are incorporated into the various material packages.

66

C.3 British Standards to be withdrawn

Eurocode Part
EN 1990
EN 1991
EN 1991 1-1
EN 1991 1-2
EN 1991 1-3
EN 1991 1-4
EN 1991 1-5
EN 1991 1-6
EN 1991 1-7
EN 1991-2
EN 1991-3
EN 1991-4
EN 1992
EN 1992-1-1
EN 1992-1-2
EN 1992-2
EN 1993
EN 1993-1-1
EN 1993-1-2
EN 1993-1-3
EN 1993-1-4
EN 1993-1-5
EN 1993-1-6
EN 1993-1-7
EN 1993-1-8
EN 1993-1-9
EN 1993-1-10
EN 1993-1-11
EN 1993-1-12
EN 1993-2
EN 1993-3-1
EN 1993-3-2
EN 1993-4-1
EN 1993-4-2
EN 1993-4-3
EN 1993-5
EN 1993-6
EN 1994
EN 1994-1-1
EN 1994-1-2
EN 1994-2
EN 1995
EN 1995-1-1
EN 1995-1-2
EN 1995-2

British Standards to be withdrawn

BS 5400-1
BS 6399-1, BS 678
BS 6399-3, BS 5400-2
BS 6399-2, BS 5400-2
BS 5400-2
BS 5400-2
BS 5400-1 & 2

BS 8110-1, 2, & 3, BS 5400-4, 7, & 8

BS 5400-4, 7 & 8
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9, BS 5400-3
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9, BS 5400-3
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9, BS 5400-3
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9, BS 5400-2
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9, BS 5400-10
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9, BS 5400-3
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9
BS 5400-3, 6 & 10
BS 8100-1, 2, 3 & 4
BS 4076
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9
BS 5950-1, 5, 6, 8 & 9
BS 5950-3 & 4, BS 5400-5
BS 5400-5
BS 5268-2, 3, 6 & 7
BS 5268-4

67

EN 1996
EN 1996-1-1
EN 1996-1-2
EN 1996-2
EN 1996-3
EN 1997
EN 1997-1
EN 1997-2
EN 1998
EN 1998-1
EN 1998-2
EN 1998-3
EN 1998-4
EN 1998-5
EN 1998-6
EN 1999
EN 1999-1-1
EN 1999-1-2
EN 1999-1-3
EN 1999-1-4
EN 1999-1-5

BS 5628-1, 2 & 3

BS 8000-1 & 2, BS 8004

None

BS 8118-1 &-2

68

Appendix D Guidance material already available or in preparation.

69

Title/Description

Publisher

Date

Format

Comment/Scope

Implementation of Structural
Eurocodes in the UK

ODPM

Feb 2003

Paper/pdf

Available from [Link]/bregs/[Link]

Describes the introduction of the Eurocodes and how they
will be used nationally.

Eurocodes Special issue, Proceedings

of the ICE, Civil Engineering
Student Guide

ICE

Nov 2001

Paper

BSI

Aug 2004

Paper

Eurocodes news

Eurocodes
Expert

Bi-annual

Paper/pdf

Thomas Telford

Jun 2002

Paper

Covers the background to EN 1990 and its relationship to the

other Eurocodes. Commentary/Explanatory.

Manual for Eurocode 1

IStructE

TBA

Paper

Handbook

BRE

Apr 2005

Paper

Designers Guide to EN 1991-1.1,

1991-1.3, 1991-1.5 to 1.7.
Designers Guide to EN 1991-1.4

Thomas Telford

Aug 2005

Paper

Thomas Telford

Oct 2004

Paper

The majority of typical building structures. Precise scope

under development. Project in association with BRE.
Funding not yet in place.
Covers interpretation of basis of design in relation to load
combinations, wind actions and accidental actions. Project
within ODPM Structural integrity framework agreement.
Covers general rules and actions on buildings (except wind).
Commentary/Explanatory.
Covers wind actions. Commentary/Explanatory.

General

Extracts from all of the structural Eurocodes (some will be

from the ENVs).
Available from [Link]
Provides an update on Eurocodes, new industry initiatives,
FAQs and guidance on implementation. Articles are
authored y a range of experts

EN 1990 Basis of structural

design
Designers Guide to EN 1990.

EN 1991 Actions on structures

70

Title/Description
Designers Guide to EN1991-2, 19911.1, 1991-1.3 and 1991-1.5 to 1.7

Publisher
Thomas Telford

Date
Mar 2005

Format
Paper

Comment/Scope
Covers traffic loads and other actions on bridges.
Commentary/Explanatory.

Manual for Eurocode 2

IStructE

Summer
2005

Paper

Companion document

BRE

Mar 2005

Paper

Handbook for EN 1992-1.2

BRE

Mar 2005

Paper

Designers Guide to EN 1992-1.1

Thomas Telford

Oct 2004

Paper

Designers Guide to EN 1992-2

Concise EC2

Thomas Telford Jan 2005

BCA/The
Dec 2004
Concrete Centre

Paper
Paper

Standard Method of Detailing

IStructE

Oct 2004

Paper

Precast Design Manual

BPCF

Oct 2004

Paper

The majority of typical building structures. Project in

association with The Concrete Centre, BCA and the
Concrete Society.
Describes the coverage of EN 1992-1-1, and its National
Annex, together with a comparison between it and BS8110.
Project within ODPM Structural integrity framework
agreement.
Covers the process of fire design of concrete structures.
Project within ODPM Structural integrity framework
agreement.
Covers common rules for building and Civil Engineering
structures. Commentary/Explanatory
Covers concrete bridges. Commentary/Explanatory.
Provides rules for the design of reinforced and prestressed
building structures. Intended to help users familiarise
themselves with EC2, clauses are cross-referenced to EN
1992 and other relevant European Standards. With UK
National Annex values, the publication is intended to enable
UK designers to carry out designs in accordance with EC2.
Joint PII project with the Concrete Society. Update of
existing report.
Design of precast structures to EN 1992. Joint BCA/BPCF
PII project.

EN 1992 Design of concrete

structures

71

Title/Description
Worked examples to Eurocode 2

Publisher
Date
BCA/The
Mar 2005
Concrete Centre

Format
Paper

How to design leaflets (core set)

BCA/The
Dec 2004
Concrete Centre

Paper

Design tool Spreadsheets (core set)

The Concrete
Centre

Dec 2004

Software

Update of National Structural Concrete

Specification
Specification of concrete to EN 206

BRE

Dec 2004

Paper

Comment/Scope
Provides examples for the design of reinforced concrete
elements and structures. Intended to help users familiarise
themselves with design to Eurocode 2, calculations are crossreferenced to EN 1992 and other relevant European
Standards. Using UK National Annex values, the publication
is intended to help UK designers to carry out designs in
accordance with EC2.
A series of 4 to 8 page leaflets introducing EC2 and
describing the design of common elements including beams,
solid slabs, columns and walls, flat slabs, foundations and
deflections.
An update of the RCC Spreadsheets for Concrete Design to
BS8110 and EC2 includes revsions to the spreadsheets for
design to BS8110 and new spreadsheets for the design of
elements to EC2.
Update of current guide.

Concrete
Society/QPA/
BCA
The Concrete
Centre
The Concrete
Centre

Dec 2003

Paper

Guidance for specifiers and producers of concrete.

Dec 2004

Software

Learning guide for all aspects of concrete construction.

Dec 2004

CD

An interactive CD-ROM with most of the documentation

supporting changes from the ENV version of EC2 to the
final published version of EC2 part 1-1.

CALCRETE update
ENV to EN 1992 Background to
Eurocode 2

72

Title/Description

Publisher

Date

Format

Comment/Scope

Thomas Telford
Thomas Telford
SCI

Nov 2004
Jan 2005

Paper
Paper
Paper

Covers general rules for buildings. Commentary/Explanatory

Covers steel bridges. Commentary/Explanatory.

EN 1993 Design of steel

structures
Designers Guide to EN 1993-1.1
Designers Guide to EN 1993-2
Section Capacities and Member
Properties
Handbook of structural steelwork
Guide to the Design of Medium Rise
Structures
Guide to the major amendments in BS
EN 1993
SCI STEELCAL adjusted to EN
Element design spreadsheets by SCI
from SEFIE STEEL
Course portfolio

SCI
SCI

Paper
Paper

SCI

Paper?

SCI
SCI

Software
Software

SCI

Like P304

EN 1994 Design of composite

steel and concrete structures
Designers Guide to EN 1994-1.1

Thomas Telford

Designers Guide to EN 1994-2

Composite structures of steel and
concrete: Beams, slabs, columns and
frames for buildings 3rd Ed R P
Johnson

Thomas Telford
Blackwell

April
2004
Feb 2005
Sept 2004

73

Paper

Covers common rules. Commentary/Explanatory.

Paper
Paper

Covers composite bridges. Commentary/Explanatory.

Title/Description

Publisher

Date

Format

Comment/Scope

Manual for Eurocode 5

IStructE

TBA

Paper

Companion Document

BRE

Aug 2005

Paper

Practical Design Guide

BRE

Aug 2005

CD/Web

Designers Guide to EN 1995-1.1

Thomas Telford

Feb 2005

Paper

TRADA Software Toolbox

TRADA

Software

CPD events for Construction

Professionals

TRADA

Current
and
Ongoing
Ongoing

The majority of typical building structures. Project in

association with TRADA. Funding not yet in place.
Describes the coverage of EN 1995-1-1, and its National
Annex, together with a comparison between it and BS5268.
Project within ODPM Structural integrity framework
agreement.
Covers EN 1995-1-1. Project within ODPM Structural
integrity framework agreement.
Covers common rules and rules for buildings.
Commentary/Explanatory.
Fast calculations of section sizes for domestic members and
load carrying capacities of dowel-type fasteners.

Wood Information Sheets

TRADA

Various

Paper/CD/
On-line

Timber Engineering Online

Napier
University &
Partners

Web

EN 1995 Design of timber

structures

Slide
shows

74

Ultimate Limit States, Serviceability Limit States,

Connections Design, Conservation and Repairs, Timber
Bridges. Some slide shows contain lecturers notes.
Extensive information resource, including references to
supporting standards, introduction to Eurocode 5,
serviceability limit states for timber buildings and vibration
performance of timber floors.
Modular training resources from HND to MSc level

Title/Description

Publisher

Date

Format

Comment/Scope

Manual for Eurocode 6

IStructE

Late 2005

Paper

Companion document

BRE

Nov 2004

Paper

Handbook

BRE

Nov 2004

Paper

Designers Guide to EN 1996

Thomas Telford

Oct 2004

Paper

The majority of typical building structures. Project in

association with BDA, CBA and AACPA . Funding in place
and project about to start.
Describes the coverage of EN 1996-1-1 and selected parts of
EN 1996-1-2, and their National Annexes, together with a
comparison between these and BS5628. Project within
ODPM Structural integrity framework agreement.
Covers EN1996-1-1 and selected parts of EN 1996-1-2.
Project within ODPM Structural integrity framework
agreement.
Covers all of Eurocode 6? Commentary/Explanatory.

Simple design guide (to BS EN 1997)

BRE

Jan 2005

Online

Designers Guide to EN 1997

Eurocode 7: Differences from current
practice
Geotechnical design to Eurocode 7
Orr and Farrell

Thomas Telford
CIRIA

Sept 2004
Apr 2005

Paper
Paper

Springer

Paper

EN 1996 Design of masonry

structures

EN 1997 Geotechnical design

75

Supplement to EN 1997 rather than an alternative. Project

within ODPM Structural integrity framework agreement.
Covers Eurocode 7-1 Commentary/Explanatory.
Best practice guidance to clarify the differences between
Eurocode 7 and current UK design practice. PII project.
Explanation with examples aimed at students and practising
engineers. ENV version to be revised for EN

Title/Description

Publisher

Date

Format

Comment/Scope

Manual for Eurocode 8

IStructE

TBA

Paper

Designers Guide to EN 1998-1, 19983, 1998-5

Thomas Telford

Feb 2005

Paper

Possible project in association with SECED discussions at

an early stage. Scope to be developed but likely to cover
simple low to medium rise engineered buildings in
reinforced concrete, steel and masonry, which have simple
form and are designed for a moderate level of ductility in
areas of moderate to high seismicity. Funding not yet in
place.
Covers general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings.
Commentary/Explanatory.

Avebury
Technical?

Paper

John Bull has commenced drafting.

IStructE

TBA

Paper

BRE

Aug 2005

Paper

The majority of typical building structures. Project in

association with SCI and BCSA. Funding not yet in place.
Aimed at senior designers. Overview of the impact
Eurocodes will have in the UK, major technical differences,
roadmap for the design of buildings, best value issues and
environmental issues. Project within ODPM Structural
integrity framework agreement.

EN 1998 Design of structures

for earthquake resistance

EN 1999 Design of aluminium

structures
Update of The practical design of
structural elements in aluminium

Cross Eurocode guidance

EN 1993 Design of steel
structures and EN 1994
Design of composite steel and
concrete structures
Manual for Eurocode 3 and composite
beams to Eurocode 4
Companion document

76

Title/Description
Worked examples

Publisher
BRE

Date
Aug 2005

Format
Paper

Training materials

Sheffield
University and
European
partners

CD

Thomas Telford

Oct 2004

Paper

Eurocode Implementation News Letters Hihways

Agency

Bi-annual

Paper/pdf

Update of Manual for Roads and

Bridges

2007?

Comment/Scope
Comprehensive set of worked examples covering EN 19931-1, 1-2, 1-8, 1-10 and EN 1994-1-1 and 1-2.
Commentary/Explanatory.
Lecture notes, Powerpoint presentations and worked
examples. Information available from [Link] .
Being developed into a web-based distance learning system.

Fire
Designers Guide to EN 1991-1.2,
1993-1.2 and EN 1994-1.2.

Covers Fire Engineering (Actions on steel and composite

structures). Commentary/Explanatory.

Bridges

Highways
Agency

Available from
[Link]/contracts/reports/eurocodes/[Link]

Paper

77

Provides an update on Eurocodes including progress on

HAs implementation strategy for bridges.
Covers all aspects of Bridge Design?

Appendix E Additional guidance material required

78

Title/Description

Format

Possible
Facilitator

Required
by

Resources Comment/Scope
required

General
Calibration examples

Paper

BRE and
Highways Agency

Individual software modules for element design;

integrated analysis/design software packages

CD

Software Houses

Training courses; web-based tutors

Paper and CD;

WWW

Web-based information source

WWW

European
Commission,
Eurocode
Expert, BCA,
BDA, SCI,
TRADA, IStructE,
HA, Software
Houses
BCA, BDA, SCI,
TRADA, HA,
Eurocode
Expert,

Help desk

WWW
telephone

ODPM, BCA,
BDA, SCI,
TRADA, HA,
BSI, Eurocode
Expert

79

One year
before date for
Eurocode with
National
Annex?
As soon as
possible after
Date for
Eurocode with
National
Annex
One year
before date for
Eurocode with
National
Annex?

Many man
years for
each
software
house
?

Date for
Eurocode with
National
Annex

June 2005

These items may not all be equally applicable to

all sectors but they have been grouped together
for convenience
Practitioners and regulators are interested in
changes resulting from use of the Eurocodes;
such examples would also be useful to those
preparing software
Software is essential to efficient design
practice, both for stand-alone design of
elements and for an integrated approach to
modelling, analysis, design and detailing
(see also section 4.3.3)
Courses will be needed at different levels,
typically one-day events introducing a
particular Eurocode and more extended courses
to develop competence in use of a particular
Eurocode Part, including use of software; some
organisations will wish to provide their own inhouse training; resources are needed for selfstudy
Web-based information is essential for
efficiency and for correct implementation (see
section [Link])
Central facility linked to helpdesks for each
sector (see section [Link])

Title/Description

Format

Possible
Facilitator

Required
by

Guidance on continued use of British Standards

Paper

BSI

Non technical guidance to outline basic

understanding of the implications of Eurocodes on
purchasing, specifications, design process,
marketing advantage etc.
Building Control guidance on status of Eurocodes
& cross-reference to Building Regulations, to
facilitate approval process.

Paper & online

ODPM

ASAP

Handbook style

ODPM

2005/6

Jan 2005

Resources Comment/Scope
required
?

Report/ revision to standards. Common issue

for all materials. For BS8110 say 0.5 m yr
Deliver via ODPM, Eurocodes Expert,
TRADA, BRE etc.

EN 1990 Basis of structural

design
Handbook for clients

Paper

Guidance on implied safety provisions etc (see

Section [Link])

EN 1991 Actions on structures

Guidance for domestic buildings

Paper/electronic

825 hours

Guidance for public buildings

Paper/electronic

900 hours

Guidance for industrial buildings

Paper/electronic

450 hours

Guidance for special buildings (eg canopies,

grandstands, towers, shell roofs, cable supported)
Guidance for beam bridges
Guidance for cable supported bridges
Guidance for special bridges (eg arched)
Guidance for lattice towers
Guidance for chimneys
Guidance for cranes
Guidance for pipelines
Guidance for water tanks

Paper/electronic

1500 hours

Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic

1350 hours
1125 hours
375 hours
300 hours
300 hours
375 hours
300 hours
190 hours

80

Assumes all building guidance documents

produced together
Assumes all building guidance documents
produced together
Assumes all building guidance documents
produced together
Assumes all building guidance documents
produced together
Assumes beam bridge documents produced first

Title/Description

Format

Possible
Facilitator

Required
by

Resources Comment/Scope
required

Fire design of concrete structures

Paper

BRE/UMIST

Jan 2005

340 hours

EN 1992 Interpretation Document

Paper

Mar 2005

850 hours

EN 1992 website
Guidance on Bridge Design

Website
Various

Consultants to
include EN 1992
project team
members
Concrete Sector
Various

Apr 2004
June 2005

340 hours
?

Guidance on Design of liquid retaining structures

Various

Various

Dec 2005

Paper/electronic

BCSA

Dec 2005

280 hours

Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic

SCI
SCI

June 2005
Dec 2005

1400 hours
430 hours

Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic

SCI
SCI

Dec 2005
June 2005

715 hours
265 hours

Paper/electronic

SCI

June 2005

225 hours

Paper/electronic

SCI

June 2005

435 hours

EN 1992 Design of concrete

structures

EN 1993 Design of steel

structures
National structural steelwork specification for
building construction
Steelwork Design Guide to BSEN 1993:Part 1.1
Plastic Design of Single Storey Pitched Roof Portal
Frames to Eurocode 3
Design of Steel Portal Frames for Europe
Fire resistant design of steel structures to the
Eurocodes
Modelling of Steel Structures for Computer
Analysis
Structural fire design to EC3 and EC4 and
comparison with BS 5950

81

How to design leaflet. This will be a succinct

user friendly version of the Concrete Fire
Design Manual currently being produced by
BRE.
Technical Publication. To include background
documentation and guidance on interpretation
of EN 1992 clauses.
In association with Highways Agency. Can
build on the technical guidance being produced
for buildings.
Can build on technical guidance being produced
for buildings.

Title/Description

Format

Possible
Facilitator

Required
by

Resources Comment/Scope
required

Design of steel framed buildings without applied

fire protection
Joints in Steel Construction: Moment Connections
Joints in Steel Construction: Simple Connections
Wind-moment Design of Low Rise Frames
Building Design Using Cold Formed Steel
Sections: Structural Design to the Eurocodes
Design Manual for Structural Stainless Steel Design
In-plane stability of portal frames
Residual standard for BS 5950-1

Paper/electronic

SCI

June 2005

565 hours

Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic

SCI
SCI
SCI
SCI

Dec 2005
June 2005
Dec 2005
June 2006

715 hours
1000 hours
510 hours
715 hours

Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic
Paper/electronic

SCI

June 2006

1200 hours

Web delivered
software
Web delivered
software

SCI

June 2005

750 hours

SCI/BRE

Dec 2005

1875 hours

Composite beam design to Eurocode 4

Paper

SCI

Sept. 2006

300 hours

Update of P121 to EN; includes design tables

Design of composite beams using precast concrete

slabs

Paper

SCI

Sept. 2006

200 hours

Slim floor design & construction

Paper

SCI

Sept. 2006

350 hours

Update of P287; provides background and

design provisions for a useful form of
construction not covered by EN 1994
Update of P110; provides background and
design provisions for a useful form of
construction not covered by EN 1994

SCI
BSI

Extras
(1) Spreadsheets for calculating specific NCCI
(2) Active worked example to illustrate element and
connection design

EN 1994 Design of composite

steel and concrete structures

82

Title/Description

Format

Possible
Facilitator

Required
by

Resources Comment/Scope
required

Design of Slimflor beams

Paper

SCI

Sept. 2006

700 hours

Composite column design to Eurocode 4

Paper

SCI

Dec. 2006

450 hours

Green book on composite connections

Paper

SCI

Dec. 2006

450 hours

Composite slabs and beams using steel decking:

Best practice for design and construction
Manufacturers handbooks for composite slabs

Paper

SCI

200 hours

Paper and CD

Those who
manufacture steel
decking

Depends on
EN 1993-1-3
Depends on
EN 1993-1-3

British
Standards

BSI

Updates of P169, P175, P248; provides

background and design provisions for a useful
form of construction not covered by EN 1994
Update of P142 to EN; includes design tables
but at present composite columns are not
common in the UK
Update of P213; includes design tables;
presently composite connections are not
common in UK
Update of P300 but construction practice is not
expected to change significantly
Manufacturers need to reassess test results and
recalculate design tables; research is in progress
to minimise the need for further tests

EN 1995 Design of timber

structures
Residual Standards elements of
BS5268-2, 3, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2 & 7 including
conversion to limit state format

Full or abridged contents of EC5, drawing-in

essential citations from EC0 and EC1, supported by
annotations and commentary.
Teaching modules on timber design suitable for
delivery through Universities, as part of
Civil/Structural Engineering degree courses.

Paper &
electronic with
hypertext links

Coincide with
withdrawal of
conflicting
National
Standards

750 hours

TRADA/BRE

2005/6

270 hours

Napier University
CTE

ASAP

525 hours

83

Adequate resources via BSI will be required to

ensure timely delivery.
Alternatively all NCCI, including residual
standards content should be produced by expert
bodies such as TRADA & BRE, supported by
industry. Release of copyright from BSI will be
required.
Copyright issues regarding reproduction of
Eurocode text will require resolution.
Napier CTE are scoping this resource

Title/Description

Format

Enhanced TRADA Timber Design Knowledge

teaching resource
Update TRADA DDENV Worked Examples
Update TRADA DDENV Design Aids & Guidance
Documents.
Guide to supporting product standards & referenced
documents
Standard clauses to allow easy specification of
elements designed using Eurocode 5 and its support
standards.

Possible
Facilitator

Required
by

Resources Comment/Scope
required

TRADA

ASAP

525 hours

TRADA

2005/6

300 hours

Existing electronic lecturer & student resource

to be enhanced and widely distributed. Link
with Napier CTE work on teaching modules.
Update & enhance via electronic delivery.

490 hours

Update & enhance via electronic delivery.

225 hours

Support information including flowchart

navigation to identify essential information to
support EC5 design.
Standard cut & paste specification clauses.

Paper &
electronic with
hypertext links
Paper &
electronic with
hypertext links
Online?

TRADA

2005/6

BSI?

2005/6

Paper & Online

TRADA

2006

EN 1996 Design of masonry

structures
Workmanship Guide to EN 1996-2

Paper

2008

Update of BDA, industry design/guides manuals

Paper/Electronic

2008/9

Update of Granada/Curtin publications

Paper

2008

Update of BMS ENV guidance document

Paper

2008

Case study sheets of typical design situations

Paper/Electronic

2006/7

84

To cover brick and block masonry construction

workmanship/execution aspects.
Various sector guides and information sheets to
ideally be updated to EC6.
Copyright publications to ideally be revised by
commercial interests holding copyright.
BMS initiative and copyright. Could be
absorbed into other identified guidance such as
BRE guides.
Important initiating information to serve as fillin information before main guides become
available. Will need to be sector specific in
most cases (ie BDA, CBA, AACPA etc.)

Title/Description

Format

Possible
Facilitator

Required
by

Resources Comment/Scope
required

2006

850 hours

Summer 2005

EN 1997 Geotechnical Design

Updates of standard textbooks (eg Tomlinson)
Calibration examples and examples relating to more
complex problems
Guidance on temporary works design
Guidance on the use of advanced numerical
analysis

Paper

EN 1998 Design of structures for

earthquake resistance
Manual for Eurocode 8 Parts 1 & 5

Paper

Training course for professionals

1 to 2 day
courses

IStructE/SECED/
European
counterparts
IStructE/SECED/I
mperial College

Guidance on seismic considerations for structures

in the UK

Paper, www

IStructE/SECED

EN 1999 Design of aluminium

structures
Refer to section [Link]

85

2004

850 hours

Typical building structures for construction in

areas of medium to high seismicity (ie not for
low seismicity areas such as the UK)
SECED and Imperial College are organising a 2
day course based around Eurocode 8 in
September 2004. The course will cover the use
of EC8 in areas of medium to high seismicity.
Guidance is required on the circumstances in
which structures (other than critical facilities
such as those connected with nuclear and other
high risk industries) might need to account
explicitly for the low to very low levels of
seismicity in the UK. The guidance should be
written both for clients/owners and for design
professionals. It will need to address any issues
raised by the UK National Foreword to EC8.

Title/Description

Format

Possible
Facilitator

Required
by

Resources Comment/Scope
required

Design for openings in the webs of composite

beams

Paper

SCI

June 2006

200 hours

Design of composite and non-composite cellular

beams

Paper

SCI

June 2006

200 hours

Steel designers manual

Modelling of steel and composite building
structures for analysis

Paper
Paper

SCI
SCI

June 2007
June 2006

3000 hours
600 hours

Undergraduate textbooks

Paper

Individual authors

June 2006

500 hours
per book

Consistency of fire loading across all material codes

Structural fire design to EC3 & EC4, and
comparison with BS 5950
Structural fire design: Offsite applied thin film
intumescent coatings

Paper
Paper

BRE
SCI

425 hours
1100 hours

Project Report. Part of a calibration study.

Update of P159 to ENs; includes design tables

Paper

SCI

Jan 2005
Depends on
EN 1993-1-3?
June 2006

150 hours

Update of P160 to complement Eurocode

provisions

Fire safe design: A new approach to multi-storey

steel-framed buildings

Paper

SCI

Depends on
EN 1993-1-3?

300 hours

Update of P288 to complement Eurocode

provisions

The fire resistance of concrete filled tubes to

Eurocode 4

Paper

SCI

Dec. 2006

100 hours

Update of P258 to EN; includes design tables

Cross Eurocode guidance

EN 1993 and EN 1994
Update of P068; applicable also to steel beams;
beams with web openings are in common use
but not covered by the Eurocodes
Update of P100; applicable also to steel beams;
cellular beams are in common use but not
covered by the Eurocodes
Update and extension of P148; guidance is
needed on: simple construction; second-order
analysis; member imperfections; effects of
temperature difference and shrinkage of
concrete; semi-continuous joints
Composite beams and slabs are usually
included in books on structural steelwork.
Many are available but will need updating to
the Eurocodes

Fire

86

Title/Description

Format

Possible
Facilitator

Required
by

Resources Comment/Scope
required

Design of steel framed buildings without applied

fire protection

Paper

SCI

Depends on
EN 1993-1-3?

200 hours

Update of P186 to complement Eurocode

provisions

Fire protection for structural steel in buildings

Paper

SCI

Depends on
EN 1993-1-3?

350 hours

Update of P013 to complement Eurocode

provisions

Paper

SCI and HA

Dec. 2006

600 hours

Update of SCI Publication P289

Paper

SCI and HA

Dec. 2006

900 hours

Update of SCI Publication P290

Paper

SCI and HA

Dec 2007?

750 hours

Update of SCI Publication P140

Paper
Paper

SCI and HA
SCI and HA

Dec. 2006
Dec. 2006

600 hours
400 hours

Update of SCI Publication P163

Update of SCI Publication P180

Paper
Paper
Paper

SCI and HA
SCI,BCA,HA
SCI and HA

Dec. 2006
Dec. 2006
Dec 2007?

500 hours
750 hours
?

Update of SCI Publication P250

Update of SCI Publication P316
Update of SCI Publication P185

Paper

BCA, SCI and HA

Dec. 2006

900 hours

Modelling steel and composite bridges for analysis

Paper

SCI and HA

Dec. 2006

600 hours

Joints in composite bridges

Paper

SCI and HA

Dec. 2006

900 hours

EN 1994 makes extensive reference to EN 1992

and EN 1993; this document is to present in a
single volume the fatigue verification
procedures of EN 1994, EN 1993 and EN 1992
Guidance is needed on modelling of joints;
second-order analysis; member imperfections;
effects of temperature difference and shrinkage
of concrete
EN 1994 gives no guidance on the design of
composite joints for bridges

Bridges
Design of composite highway bridges: General
guidance
Design of composite highway bridges: Worked
examples
Design guide for composite box girder bridges
Integral steel bridges: Design guidance
Integral steel bridges: Design of a single-span
bridge
Integral steel bridges: Design of a multi-span bridge
Precast concrete decks for bridges
Guidance notes on best practice in steel bridge
construction
Fatigue verification using EC2, EC3 and EC4

87

Title/Description

Format

Possible
Facilitator

Required
by

Residual standard covering shear connectors other

than headed studs, shear studs with uplift, treatment
of settlement at ULS, fully encased filler beams,
design utilising formwork other than precast
concrete

Paper

BSI

Dec 2007?

600 hours

EN 1994 gives no guidance on these topics

relevant to bridges

Revised textbook (eg Johnson and Buckby)

Paper

At present
Johnson has no
co-author

Dec. 2006

1600 hours

To present background theory and to show how

EN 1994 may be used; for MEng/MSc students
and practising engineers

88

Resources Comment/Scope
required