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Evolution of Manufacturing Processes

This document summarizes the history of manufacturing from 8000 BC to the present. It describes advances in metallurgy and metalworking from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. The Industrial Revolutions of the 18th-19th centuries brought new technologies like the steam engine and machine tools. The Second Industrial Revolution saw mass production and assembly lines. Modern manufacturing employs strategies like automation, lean production, and computer integrated systems to improve efficiency. Production systems involve facilities, equipment, people and procedures organized to perform manufacturing operations.

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6 views18 pages

Evolution of Manufacturing Processes

This document summarizes the history of manufacturing from 8000 BC to the present. It describes advances in metallurgy and metalworking from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. The Industrial Revolutions of the 18th-19th centuries brought new technologies like the steam engine and machine tools. The Second Industrial Revolution saw mass production and assembly lines. Modern manufacturing employs strategies like automation, lean production, and computer integrated systems to improve efficiency. Production systems involve facilities, equipment, people and procedures organized to perform manufacturing operations.

Uploaded by

RenePazmino
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

HYSTORY OF MANUFACTURING

8000 3000 BC Wood working forming firing


3500 1500 BC Bronze age metallurgy and metalworking
Iron Gold copper silver tin
Gold sheet - jewelry
Wiring
2000- 1000 BC Iron forging process
1000 1 BC Iron age

Iron melting heat treatment as quenching


stamping - coining
1- 1000 AC - Zinc - steel
Armors
Coining spades
1000 1700 blast furnace
cannonry
Wiring
1760- 1830

Industrial revolution
Changes form economy based on agriculture and handicraft
To economy based on industry and manufacturing
i. Watts steam engine

ii. Machine tools Wilkinson 1775 cutting lathe


iii. spinning jenny and power loom
iv. factory system
1850

Second Industrial revolution


i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

1900

Mass production - 1900 US population was 76 millons


Assembly lines 1916 Henry Ford Model T ( < 500 USD)
Scientific management movement
electrification factories

fusion welding process

Scientific management movement


F. Taylor Gilbreath
i. Motion study
ii. Time study
iii. Stardards
iv. Piece rate system
v. Data collection, record keeping, cost accounting

PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
DEFINITION
MANUFACTURING:
Manus = hand
Factus = make
Make by hands. This term appears around 1567
Since handicraft to specialized task

PROCESS
Input process oulet

Services process
Manufacturing process
Management process

ECONOMIC REALITIES

Globalization
International outsourcing
Local outsourcing
Contract manufacturing
Trend toward the service sector
Quality spectations
The need for operational efficiency

APROACH TECHNOLOGIES
Modern manufacturers employ technologies, such as:

Automation
Material handling strategies
Manufacturing systems
Flexible manufacturing
Quality programs
Computer integrated manufacturing
Lean production - JIT

PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
A production system is a collection of people, equipment and procedures organized to perform the
manufacturing operations of a company.
Levels
Facilities:
Manufacturing support systems

Facilities:

Factory
Production machines
Tooling
Material handling equipment
Inspection equipment
Computer system
Plant layout

Manufacturing support systems

Procedures or process needed to manage the production operations


Involve a cycle of information processing

Figure 1.3

Funtions:
1. Business funtions communication with the customer
Marketing
Forecasting
Order entry
Cost accounting
Customer billing
2. Product design
Research and development
Design enginnering
Prototype shop
3. Manufacturing planning
Process planning. Operation sequency
Master scheduling. MPS. Listing of product to be make
Material Requirement planning. MRP. Raw material and purchasing parts.

Capacity planning.

4. Manufacturing control
Shop floor control
Inventory control
Quality control

MANUFACTURING SYSTEM CATEGORIES


In terms of human participation in the process,
1. Manual work system
One or more workers performing one or more tasks with the aid of hand tools.
Hand tools
Is a small tool that is manually operated by the strength and skill of the human user
Figure 1.2 pag 6
2. Worker-machine system
A human worker operates powered equipment
3. Automated system
The process is performed by a machine without the direct participation of a human
worker

Require:
Program of instructions
Control system

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