Extra
Syntax
Exercises
1
Structure
of
XP:
NP,
DP,
PP,
AdjP,
and
AdvP.
Complements
and
Adjuncts.
Ken
Ramshj
Christensen
Aarhus
University
2014
1
The
building
blocks
of
X-bar
structure
The
bare
minimum
XP
with
specier
only
XP
with
complement
only
A
full
XP
with
both
specier
and
complement
ALWAYS
PROJECTED
XP
with
a
leP/right
adjoined
modier
Draw
the
full
tree
structure
of
the
following
phrases:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
This
(I
found)
the
hammer
(He
likes)
old
cars
The
center
of
the
universe
From
out
of
the
dark
Extremely
ill
The
girl
from
Russias
eyes
Pictures
of
Alice
(This
is)
Jacks
(He)
never
liked
boring
books
(She
will)
actually
be
sleeping
in
the
park
3
ANSWERS
Trees
drawn
using
Miles
Shangs
Syntax
Tree
Generator
(h`p://[Link]/syntree/)
Addiaonal
text,
gures,
lines
and
arrows
added
in
Microso1
PowerPoint
4
(1)
As
a
bare
minimum,
ALL
phrases
contain
all
three
levels
of
the
X-
bar
structure.
Phrase/XP-level
Bar-levels
Head/X-level
(2)
Complement
of
D
The
denite
aracle
the
is
a
determiner,
D.
(3)
Adjuncaon
to
an
NP
projects
another
instance
of
that
NP.
The
indenite
plural
aracle
is
a
zero-determiner,
an
empty
D.
Modier
leP-
adjoined
to
NP
Complement
of
D
(4)
Of
is
a
preposiIon,
a
P,
introducing
a
DP.
Complement
of
P
Complement
of
N
8
(5)
PreposiIon,
P,
withan
AdvP
complement.
Adverb,
Adv,
with
a
PP
complement.
PreposiIon,
P,
with
a
DP
complement.
(6)
Adjuncaon
to
an
AdjP
projects
another
instance
of
that
AdjP.
Modier
leP-
adjoined
to
AdjP
10
(7)
Adjuncaon
to
an
NP
projects
another
instance
of
that
NP.
Complement
of
geniave
s
in
D
POSSESSED
GeniIve
s
is
the
head
of
a
DP.
Modier
right-
adjoined
to
NP
Specier
of
geniave
s
in
D
POSSESSOR
11
(8)
The
indenite
plural
aracle
is
a
zero-determiner,
an
empty
D.
In
proper
names,
D
is
(usually)
a
zero-determiner,
an
empty
D.
Complement
of
P
Complement
of
N
12
(9)
GeniIve
s
is
the
head
of
a
DP.
In
proper
names,
D
is
(usually)
a
zero-determiner,
an
empty
D.
Specier
of
geniave
s
in
D
POSSESSOR
13
Adjuncaon
to
a
VP
projects
another
instance
of
that
VP.
(10)
Adjuncaon
to
an
NP
projects
another
instance
of
that
NP.
Modier
leP-
adjoined
to
VP
Modier
leP-
adjoined
to
NP
The
indenite
plural
aracle
is
a
zero-determiner,
an
empty
D.
Object:
DP
sister
of
V
14
(11)
Adjuncaon
to
a
VP
projects
another
instance
of
that
VP.
Modier
leP-
adjoined
to
VP
Modier
right-
adjoined
to
VP
15
