Complex
Machines
Simple Machines
Machines
wheel and axle
are devices that allow
us to use less force
wedge
made up of
two or more
simple
machines
levers
pulley
screw
to make work easier
and faster
gear
inclined plane
Life Without
Machines
Designing
Machines
Many tasks cannot be
done easily.
Identify problems
Life will be tough and
difficult
Planning
Everything have to be
done by bare hands.
Making the model
Wheel and Axle
Wedge
well
skateboard
screwdriver
The wheel and axle is
made up of a large wheel
connected to a rod
called an axle which
rotates on the centre
point of the wheel; to
lifts or moves loads.
A wedge consist of
one or two inclined
planes joined together
to form a V shape or a
sharp edge.
a knife is used to cut a
cube of butter
a zipper used to fasten
or separate two objects
rolling pin
an axe used to split
a wood into two
a doorstop that is wedged
under a door to prevent it
from moving
steering wheel
tap
sharpener
a chisel is used in
woodworking
windmill
ferris wheel
doorknob
a crowbar is used to lift
heavy objects
Gears
Pulley
a hand drill
A fixed pulley is a
pulley that does not
move. When the rope
is pulled, the load is
pulled up. The
pulling force is the
same as the weight
of the load.
A movable pulley
moves with the load.
The force needed to
pull a load is half the
weight of the load
but have to pull
upwards.
Combined pulley
system is a
combination of fixed
and movable pulleys.
It enables us to use
less force to lift the
load.
A pulley is made from a
wheel and a rope.
The rope fits into the
groove on the wheel; to
raise, lower or move a
load.
Gears are wheels that
have 'teeth'. The teeth fit
together so that when
one gear turns it also
turns the other gear.
Sometimes the gears fit
right together, and
sometimes they work
together through a
chain or a belt.
wrist watch
an egg beater
Inclined Plane
Screw
an aluminium can
with screw lid
nut and bolt
a car jack
Closer threads
have longer
inclined plane,
less force to move
the load.
A screw has a spiral
inclined plane called
thread. Screws can be
used to hold things
together, lift heavy
loads or drill holes on
objects.
escalators
Far apart threads
have shorter
inclined plane,
more force to move
the load.
a corkscrew
a spanner
An inclined plane is a
sloping surface which
connects two other
surfaces at different
levels; to reduce the
effort needed to raise
or lower an object
over a vertical height.
stairs
a wheel chair ramp
a bulb
a G-clamp
bicycle tires have
threads on the stem to
screw the cap on
a drill bit
a lorry ramp
a flyover
Complex Machine
wheelbarrow
lever
wheel & axle
coconut
shredder
wheel & axle
screw
wedge
wheel & axle
gears
screw
wedge
wheel & axle
screw
hand drill
Produced by
combining together
two or more simple
machines to perform a
certain task.
ais kachang
machine
paper cutter
lever
wedge
screw
wheel &
axle
wedge
lever
wedge
G-clamp
wheel & axle
gears
wrist watch
corkscrew
wheel & axle
screw
lever
wedge
nails clipper
lever
wheel & axle
gears
bicycle
lever
wedge
scissors
Lever
Is a rigid bar that rests on
a turning part.
Consist of 3 parts.
The effort used to move the load
depends on:
the position of the
fulcrum
the size of
the lever
Uses of Levers
In lifting heavy
loads with less
effort.
Fulcrum (F)
( the turning point )
Load (L)
( the object that is moved
by the lever )
Effort (E)
( the force used to move
the object )
Moving things
a greater
distance.
The closer
the object
(load) is to
the fulcrum,
the easier it is
to move the
load.
The further
the effort is
from the
fulcrum, the
easier it is to
move the
load.
The longer
the lever is,
the lesser is
the effort
needed to
move the
load.
Increasing the
speed of an
object.
