POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Material Polimer / 3 sks
Teknik Material dan Metallurgi
Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Amaliya Rasyida
[Link]
POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
1. Natural Polymer
Alam, Tumbuhan, hewan
Polysaccharides
Protein
Nucleic acid
Natural rubber
etc
Polymer classification Basis of source
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
BIOPOLYMER (polymers which are naturally found in
nature; produce by living organism; polymeric
biomolecule)
(i) polysaccharrides are made of sugars (Eg. Cellulose
found in plant)
(ii) proteins of amino acids (Eg. Myoglobin i.e muscle
tissue)
(iii)nucleic acids of nucleotides (Eg. DNA genetic
material of a given organism)
Polymer classification Basis of source
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Polymer classification Basis of source
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
A
P
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
Polymer classification Basis of source
Properties
polymerization
Scaffold made from
biodegradable polymer
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Polymer classification Basis of source
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Polymer classification Basis of source
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
2. Synthetic Polymer (man made polymer)
Eg. Polyethylene, PVC, Nylon, Teflon, synthetic rubber, etc
Polymer classification Basis of source
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Synthetic Rubber
- SBR Earliest synthetic rubber tire
application
- NBR excellent resistance to oil and are
extensively used for washing machine parts,
hoses and flexible couplings
- Neopreneheavy-duty applications and is
specifically useful at high temperatures.
- etc
Polymer classification Basis of source
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
High Temperature Neoprene
hose
Polymer classification Basis of source
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
Natural Vs Synthetic Rubber?
Polymer classification Basis of source
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Biopolymer vs Synthetic Polymer
Key word
Biopolymer
Synthetic
Structure
Complex molecular assemblies that
adopt precise and defined 3D structure
Simpler and more
random
Process
produced from renewable resources
such as plant and/or living organisms
derived from
petrochemicals or
chemical processes
Polymer classification Basis of source
POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
1. Linear Polymer
Eg. HDPE, PVC, Nylons, polyesters etc.
- Single chain
- Their molecules are closely packed hence they high density,
tensile strength and melting point.
Randomly oriented
straight chains can
be pretty messy
Polymer classification Structure
Neatly packed
straight chains can
make crystals!
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
2. Branched Polymer
Eg. LDPE
They have a straight long chain with different side chains.
Their molecules are irregularly packed hence they have low
density, tensile strength and melting point.
Polymer classification Structure
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
The degree to which polymer chains pack together will
determine the rigidity of it.
Polymer classification Structure
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
3. Network or Crosslinked Polymers
Eg. Bakelite, formaldehyde resins, vulcanised rubber etc.
Monomeric units are linked together to constitute a three
dimensional network.
Elastic
Low viscosity
Polymer classification Structure
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Elastomers are elastic polymers created by limited cross-linking.
As the number of cross-links increases, however, the polymer
becomes more rigid and cannot stretch as much; the polymer
will become less viscous and less elastic and might even become
brittle.
Polymer classification Structure
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
How to distinguish easily between those categories?
Cross-linked polymers are usually insoluble (dont dissolve) in
solvents because the polymer chains are tied together by strong
covalent bonds. Other polymers are usually soluble (they
dissolve) in one or more solvents because it is possible to
separate the polymer chains which are not covalently linked
Polymer classification Structure
POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
1. Rubber (Elastomer)
High molecular weight polymer
TS 300 3000 psi
Elongation 300-1000 %
Polymer classification - Applications
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
2. Plastic
- Tough substance with high MW that can be
molded with/out the application of heat
- Usually stronger than rubber (TS 4000-15000
psi)
- Elongation 20 200%
Eg. PE, PP, PVC, PS, etc
Polymer classification - Applications
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
3. Fiber
-
Long chain characterized by highly crystalline region
Much lower elasticity than plastics and elastomers
High TS 20000-150000 psi
Posses moisture absorption properties
Light weight
Polymer classification - Applications
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a DWNT-polymer fiber which
exhibits high strength and toughness. The inset shows a transmission electron
microscope (TEM) image of a well ordered bundle of DWNTs which are the
constituents that make up the macroscopic fibers (Image: Northwestern
University, 2010)
Polymer classification - Applications
POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
THERMAL PROPERTIES
Respon suatu polimer terhadap gaya mekanik pada suatu
temperatur tertentu berhubungan dengan struktur molekulnya.
Klasifikasinya didasarkan pada perilakunya terhadap kenaikan
temperatur.
Polymer classification Properties
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
THERMOPLASTIC
Common thermoplastic polymers include polyethylene,
poly(ethylene terephthalate), and poly(vinyl chloride)
Polymer classification Properties
polystyrene,
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
THERMOSETTING
Sometimes used in semiconductors
and integrated circuits
vulcanized rubbers, epoxies, and phenolics and some polyester resins, are
thermosetting.
Polymer classification Properties
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Polymer classification Properties
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Roda Phenolic.
Suhu Maksimum : 260 C.
Aplikasi : Trolley untuk oven pemanggang
roti, dan aplikasi lain pada suhu panas.
Polymer classification Properties
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Some polymers (such as the polyesters) may be
either thermoplastic or thermosetting. WHY?
Polyester thermoplastic -PET
Unsaturated Polyester Resins (UPR) Orthophthalates, Isophthalates, Terephthalates
and Vinyl Esters
Polymer classification Properties
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Thermosetting polyesters will be cross-linked,
while thermoplastic ones will have linear
structures without any appreciable crosslinking.
Polymer classification Properties
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Polymer classification Properties
Properties
polymerization
POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
Polymers may be synthesized by:
1. Chain polymerization: Free Radical Polymerization
i.e. Addition (three steps : initiation, propagation,
and termination)
2. Step polymerization: Condensation polymerization
3. Ring Opening Polymerization
Polymer classification Polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
1. Addition polymer
Polymer classification Polymerization
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Polymer classification Polymerization
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Polymer classification Polymerization
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Polymer classification Polymerization
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
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Polymer classification Polymerization
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
2. Condensation polymer
Two different monomer units, each containing two functional
groups, react by eliminating a small molecule like water
Polymer classification Polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Polymer classification Polymerization
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
3. Ring opening
Polymer classification Polymerization
Properties
polymerization
Basis of source
Structure
Applications
Properties
polymerization
1. Klasifikasikan jenis polimer berdasarkan basis
resourcenya, dan jelaskan perbedaan dari kedua jenis
tersebut
2. Jelaskan masing2 karakteristik dari klasifikasi polimer
berdasarkan strukturnya serta berikan contohnya
3. Sebutkan secara singkat perbedaan rubber, plastik,
dan fiber polimer
4. Sebutkan dan jelaskan perbedaan thermoplastik dan
thermosetting
5. Sebutkan macam cara mensintesis polimer dan
jelaskan secara singkat konsep dasarnya.
POST TEST