SERANGOON JUNIOR COLLEGE

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level

Higher 2

NAME

CG INDEX NO.

PHYSICS 9745102
JC2 Pre 'A' Level Examination 12 October 2009
Paper 2 Structured Questions t hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No additional materials required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Civics group number, index number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a sofi pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do nol use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

At the end of lhe examination, fasten all your work securely For Examiner's Use
together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [] at the end of each 1
question or part question.
2

Total

This document consisls of 17 printed pages and 1 blank page.

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DATA AND FORMULAE

Data
speed of light in free space, 3.00x10ems1
permeability of free space, 4Tx1o7Hm1
permittivity of free space, 8.B5x1012Fm1
(1 / (36rr)) x 10 e F m 1

elementary charge, e 1.60 x 1o-1e c

the Planck constant, h 6.63x1034Js
unified atomic mass constant, u 1.66x1027kg
31
rest mass of electron, 9.1 1x10 kg
rest mass of proton, 1.67x1027kg
molar gas constant. R 8.31 JKlmol 1

the Avogadro constant, 6.02 x 1023 mol 1

the Boltzmann constant, k 1.3Bx1023JK1

gravitational constant, G 6.67 x 10 11 Nm2kg 2

acceleration of free fall, I 9.81 m t2

Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion, ut+%aP
.2 u2 + 2as
work done on/by a gas, pAV
hydrostalic pressure, Nh
Gm
gravitational potential,

displacement of particle in s.h.m., xo sin ot

velocity of particle in s.h.m., vo cosari
rf--;-----
tu.,l\x; x')
resistors in series, R1 + R2 + ...
resistors in parallel, 1lR = 1lR1+ 1/R2 + ..-
electric potential, Q / 4nxor
alternating current/voltage, xasino t
transmission coefficient. exp( 2kd)
Br'?m(tJ - E)

radioactive decay, xoexp( ,tf)

0.693
decay constant,
ll
2

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'l (al Detine acceleration.

t11

(b) A child is jumping on the trampoline as shown in Fig. 1.1. The variation of the
velocity y of the child with lime t is shown in Fig. 1.2. The downward direction js
taken to be positive displacement.

v/ms

Fig 1.1 Fig 1.2

State the child's position and direction of motion at points O, A, B, C and D in the
table below.

Points Child's position Child's direction of motion

c
D

t5l

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2 A simple iron-cored transformer is illustrated in Fig. 2.1.

lron c6re

primary coil secondary coil

Fig. 2.1

Fig. 2.2 shows the variation with time of the magnetic flux linkage in the core of the
transformer.

magnetic
flux linkage

time / ms

Fig.2.2

(a\ Define magnetic flux linkage.

t11

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(b) Sketch on Fig. 2.3 the variation with time of the e.m.f. induced in the secondary coil.

induced e.m f

0113456 tlme / ms

Fig.2.3
t3l
(c) The iron core of the transformer has a cross sectional area of 3.1 x 1 o-4 m2 and the
maximum magnetic flux density in the iron core is 0.55 T. Use Fig. 2 2 to calculate
the maximum e.m.f. induced in the secondary coil with 3 turns.

maximum e.m-f. induced = v [2]

(d) State and explain the effect on the maximum e.m.f. induced in the secondary coil if
the iron core is replaced by one made ofwood.

t2l
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3 A student sets up the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3.1 in orderto investigate oscillations.

welghl

card atlached
to ruler
bench
Fis.3.1

The variation with time f of the displacement y of the end of the ruler is shown in
Fig.3.2.

3
'y'lcm
2

0 t 13.5

-1
ti'll
2

-3

-1
Fis. 3.2

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(a) The student claims that the curve of Fig. 3.2 may be represented by the equation

Y = Yo sin ut
ldentify two features of Fi9. 3.2 which show that the student,s claim is incorrect.

1.

2.

t2l

(b) Calculate, using data from Fig. 3.2, values for

(i) the angular frequency of the osciilations,

angular frequency = rad s

i
[2]

(ii) the acceleration of the end of the ruler at lime I = 1.5 s.

acceleration .... cm s-'? [2]

(c) The card on the ruler is replaced with one having a larger surface area and the same
mass. The experiment is then repeated.

On Fig. 3.2, draw another graph to show the effect of this change on the variation
with f of the displacement of the ruler. l2l

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(a) For a system of forces acting on an object, where the lines of action of
the forces all
pass through a common point as shown in Fig. 4.1, state the condition necessary
for
equilibrium.

Fig. 4.1

t1l

(b) A 20 kg sphere of uniform densjty rests between two smooth planes as shown in
Fis.4.2.

(i) On Fig. 4.2, dtaw a free-body diagram of the sphere. t2]

Plane A

Fis. 4.2

(ii) Determine the magnitude of the force acting on the sphere exerted by each
plane.

force due to plane A =

force due to plane B = N t3l

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5 (a) Microwave ovens cook food by generating electromagnetic radiation that gets
absorbed and converted into the internal energy of the atoms and molecules of the
food. A device called a magnetron emits electromagnetic radiation of frequency
2-45 GHz from one side ofthe microwave oven Standing waves are produced in the
oven's interior. Fig 5.1 shows a typical microwave oven of length 36.6 cm.

magne

36.6 cm

Fis.5.1

(i) Calculate the wavelength ofthe electromagnetic radiation produced.

wavelength - ...................... m [1]

(ii) On Fig 5.2, sketch the standing wave pattern produced along the length of the
microwave oven

'1. Labelwith X, a position of zero intensity.

2. Label three points P, Q and R that oscillate in phase with the same amplitude.
t3l

36.6 cm

Fig.5.2

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(iii)Explain how a standing wave may be formed in the interior of the oven.

l2l

(iv)To cook more evenly, the food needs to be rotated using a turniable inside the
microwave oven. Suggest a reason why this is necessary.

{11

(v) 'The frequency of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the magnetron is now
tripled. Modelling the radiation as a classical wave and assuming that the
amplitude remains constant, deduce the ratio:
Energy of the new wave
Energy ol the original r,vave

ratio = ......................... [2]

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6 Light is incident on a clean metal surface in a vacuum. The maximum kinetic energy
KE^u, of lhe electrons ejected from the surface is measured for different values of the
frequency fof the incident light.

The measurements are shown plotted below in Fig. 6.1.

2.0

t_5

KE
^u,I
1o'1s J 1.0

I
I
().5

0.0
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.() 6.5 1.0 7.5 ti.0
f t 1o1a Hz

Fig.6.1

(a) Use the graph to determine

(i) the Planck constant,

Planck constant = Js[21

(ii) the work function of the metal.

work function = J l2l

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(b) Explain briefly how Einstein's photoelectric theory accounts for the fact that no
electrons are emitted from the surface of this metal if the frequency of the incident
light is less than a certain value.

I2l

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Prior to the alpha-scattering experiment conducted by Rutherford, the plum pudding

model of the atom was widely assumed. ln this model, the positive charge of the atom
was thought to be evenly spread out through the entire volume of the atom, and its
electrons vibrating about fixed positions within this sphere of charge.

ln the experiment by Rutherford, alpha particles are direcled towards a gold foil as
shown in Fig. 7.1. A detector is used to record the number of alpha particles scattered
by the foil. The experiment is performed in a vacuum. The detector can be rotated such
that it is able to capture the alpha particles at various scattering angles 0. The variation
with the scattered angle e of the number of alpha particles N is determined. The results
are shown in Fi?.7.2. Note that the vertical axis in Fig. 7.2 is logarithmic.

Detector

Alpha - partrcle source

Fig.7.1

Number scattered, N
108

107

106

105

104
l
I . .l
0 20 B0 100 120 140 160
Scattering angle 9/"
Fis.7.2

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(a) Suggest why

(i) the experiment is conducted in a vacuum,

....... . .....l2l

(ii) the vertical axis is iogarithmrc.

t2l

(b) On Fig. 7.2, sketch the results expected if the structure of the atom was indeed that
of a plum pudding. t1l

(c) lt is thought that the number of scattered alpha particles N is directly propodional to

i s,n I' where r rs an rnteoer. The variation with e between 60" to 80" of N is
\ 2)
snown in rig. z:
160000

140000

120000

100000

60000

1A 72 11 76

Fis.

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Some corresponding values of lg (sin ano ro N are plotted on the graph of

f, )
Fiq.7.4.

4.24 -018 -0.16

tg lsin 19 7 '11
Fig.7.4
(i) on Fig. 7 .4

,1,
plot the point corresponding to 0 - 72o, and
2. draw the best-fit line for all plotted points.
t21

(ii) Determine the gradient of the line drawn in c (i) 2.

gradient = t21

(iii)Hence suggest a value for the integer n.

t1l
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(c) The experiment is repeated using target foils made of 3 other different
erements-
tungsten (W), iridium (Ir) and platinum (pt). The results for the angles between 650 to
74o are shown in Fig. 7.5 together with that of gold (Au).

65 66 67 68 6S 70 71 72 73

Fig.7.5 e/"
Without drawing a further graph, show that, at g = 70o, the value of N is directly
proportional to 22, where Z js the atomic number of the target foil. The atomic
number of W, lr, Pt and Au are 24, 77,78 and 79 respectively.

t3l

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(d) The overall relationship between N, Z and 0 may be expressed as

-.n
N-k22 lsind
\ 2l ]

wherekisaconstant.

Suggest two quantities that determine the value of k.

............ ..... t2l

(e) lt is desired that the energy of the alpha particles targeting the foil be kept constant.
Suggest how this may be achieved in practice.

t2l

END OF PAPER

Acknowledgement:

With thanks to
ACJC
AJC
cJc
NJC
PJC

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