DOCTOROFMEDICINE(MD)KPT/JPS(PA0927)90/16

1)SubjectName:THEHUMANBODY(METABOLISMANDNUTRITION(BIOCHEMISTRY)
SubjectCode:MD3101
Credits:0.0000
Semester1
Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof:

thestructureandmetabolismofcarbohydrates,fatsandproteins,includingtheirmetabolicpathways

theintermediaryproductsoftheaboveandtheirroleinnormalanddiseasedhealthstates

whatismeantbymetabolism,anabolismandcatabolism

theroleofenzymesandtheirassaysinnormalanddiseasedhealthstates

hormonesandtheirfunctionsinnormalanddiseasedhealthstates

theenergyrequirementsofthebodyandtheroleofdietinmeetingtheenergyrequirements

balanceddiet,bodyweightandbodymetabolism

congenitalandmetabolicdiseasesanddisorders

UponsuccessfulcompletionofthisElement,thestudentsshouldbeableto:

Describethecarbohydratemetabolismincludingthepathways

Describetheproteinstructure,metabolismanditsroleincellstructureandfunction

Drawagenericstructureofaminoacidsanddescribetheclassificationofaminoacids

Describethestructureandmetabolismoffats/fattyacidsandtheirroleinnormalanddiseasedstates

Defineenzymeanddiscusstheirroleinnormalanddiseasestatesincludingtheircatalyticactionsand
controls

Describeenzymeassaysindiseasediagnosis

Discussmembranepotentialandtransportofions,sugarsandaminoacidsacrossthecellmembrane

Outlinethemajormetabolicpathwaysandtheirroleinenergyproductionfromcarbohydrates,proteins
andfats

Definehormones,theirclassification,production,functionsinnormalanddiseasedstates

DefinepHanditsregulationandmentionthedisordersrelatedtopH

Describetheionicconcentrationsinbodyfluidsandtheirvariationindiseasedstates

Describetheenergyrequirements,balanceddiet,bodyweightandabnormalstatesand

Listthemetabolicdisordersandtheirbiochemicalbasis.

Themoduleintroducesthestudentstohumanbiochemistryinhealthandtheirvariationindiseasedstates
Discussesthemetabolismofcarbohydrates,proteinsandfatsandtheirproductsandrelatesthemtotheenergy
requirementsandhowsuchrequirementsarefulfilled
Introducesstudentstometabolicdisordersandexplainsbalanceddietandnutritionandtheirimpactonhealth.

2)SubjectName:THEHUMANBODY(STRUCTUREANDORGANIZATION(ANATOMY))
SubjectCode:MD3108
Credits:0.0000
Semester1
Thiscoursewillintroducestudentsto

Varioustermsusedtodescribeanatomicalstructures

Organizationoftheskeleton/jointsandtheirfunctions

Differenttypesofjointsandfulfiltheirfunctions

Spinalcord,spinalnervesandtheirdistribution

Conceptsofdermatomesandmyotomes

Structuralorganizationofvariousorgans/structuresinthebodyandtheirrelationshipand

Organizationofvarioussystemsinthebody.

Attheendofthemodule,thestudentsshouldbeableto:

Definevarioustermsusedindescribinganatomicalstructures

Describedifferentlayersoftheanteriorabdominalwall,intraabdominalandpelvicorgansandtheir
interrelationship

Describethedistributionofvariousstructuresintheheadandneckregionandtheirrelationship

Listthestructuresintheinteriorofthecraniumandcorrelatewithradiologicalimages

Describetheanatomicalfeaturesandorganizationofnervoussystem

Discusstheanatomicalbasisoftheexaminationofeyeandear

Discusstheorganizationoftheskeletonanditsfunctions

Classifyjointsanddiscusshowtheyaredesignedtofulfiltheirfunctions

Explaintheconceptofmyotomesanddermatomes

Correlategrossanatomicalstructureswithimages(Xrays,CTandMRIscans)and

Demonstratethesurfaceanatomyofmajorperipheralvesselsandexplaintheirclinicalsignificance.

ThisElementwillintroducethestudentstotheconceptsofhowahumanbodyisorganized,explainthe
[Link]
abdomen,pelvis,theheadandneck,eye,ear,[Link]
embryologyandtheconceptsofdevelopmentaldisordersarealsodiscussed.

3)SubjectName:THEHUMANBODY(HUMANDEVELOPMENT(EMBRYOLOGY))
SubjectCode:MD3109
Credits:0.0000
Semester1
Thiscourseaimstoprovidestudentswithanoverviewofhumanfoetaldevelopmentfromconceptionandsome
commoncongenitalmalformations.

Attheendofthecourse,studentsshouldbeableto

DescribethestagesofembryofromconceptiontotheformationofTrilaminarEmbryoDisc

Listthefoetalmembranesandtheirfunctions

Namethefactorsthatcaninfluencethenormaldevelopmentoftheembryoand

Listfourcommonexternalcongenitalmalformations

ThisElementintroducesstudentstotheconceptsofhowahumanbodydevelopsfromthetimeofconception.

4)SubjectName:CELLSANDTISSUES(CELLSANDTISSUES)
SubjectCode:MD3102
Credits:0.0000
Semester1
Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof:

Theconceptofcellbiology.
Thedifferenttissuesinthebodyandtheirroleinhealth.
Themicroscopeanditsuse.

Uponsuccessfulcompletionofthiselement,thestudentsshouldbeableto:

Describecellstructure

Listthestagesofcelldivision

Describetransportmechanismsacrossthecellmembrane

Namevarioustissuesinthebody

Discusstheorganizationofthebodyfromcelltoorgans

Enumeratethepartsanditsfunctionsofacompoundlightmicroscopeand
Identify&describethemicroscopicstructureofdifferenttissues.

[Link]
tissuesandtheirroleinhealthanddisease.

5)SubjectName:CELLSANDTISSUES(GENETICS)
SubjectCode:MD3103
Credits:0.0000
Semester1
Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof

theprocessofDNAreplication,transcriptionetc.

thelinkbetweenhumandiseaseandgenes

genetherapy

Uponsuccessfulcompletionofthiselement,thestudentsshouldbeableto:

Definethetermsreplication,mutation,repair,fingerprintingetc.

Definerecombinanttechnologyandlistitsusesinmedicalpractice

Describekaryotypinganditsroleindiseaseidentificationand

Discusstheroleofgenetherapyinhumandiseases.

[Link]
[Link].

6)SubjectName:THEHUMANBODY(GENERALFUNCTIONS(PHYSIOLOGY))
SubjectCode:MD3106
Credits:0.0000
Semester1
Theaimofthecourseistointroducestudentstothebasicsofhumanphysiologysothattheycan

Understandthestructureandfunctionoftheeukaryoticcells

Explainthestructureofthecellmembraneandmembranetransportsystems

Bodyfluids,theirdistribution,compositionandtheirrolenormalanddisease

Understandthemechanismsinvolvedinhomeostasis

Understandthecompositionofblood,namethebloodcomponentsanddescribetheirfunctions

Describethedifferenttypesofmusclefibresandtheirproperties

Understandthenormalneuromusculartransmissionmechanismsandtheiralterationinthedisease

Explainthefunctionalorganizationoftheneuron,typesofnervefibresandtheirroleinnormaland
diseasedstatesofthebodyand

Describenerveimpulseandconduction.

Attheendofthecourse,studentsshouldbeableto

Drawadiagramofaeukaryoticcellandlabeltheparts

Describethestructureandfunctionsofeukaryoticcell

Describecellmembraneanddiscussthemembranetransportsystems

Listdifferentbodyfluids,theircompositionandhomeostasis

Listthecomponentsofblood,theirproduction,functionsandroleinnormalanddiseasestates

Describetheformationofhaemoglobin,itsroleinoxygentransportanditsmetabolism

Drawadiagramofneuromuscularjunction/transmissionandalterationsindiseaseand

Describethestructureofneuron,typesofnervefibresandconductioninnervefibres.

ThisElementaimstooffercoreknowledgethatisessentialforunderstandingthecellularandmolecularbasisof
[Link],aconceptfundamentaltothe
[Link]
functionofformedelementsofbloodandmechanismsofhaemostasis,andablockoflecturesfocusesonthe
fundamentalsofnervemusclephysiology.

7)SubjectName:FamilyMedicine2
SubjectCode:MD4506
Credits:0.0000
Semester10
ThismoduleisdesignedtoprovidestudentswithexperienceinPrimaryHealthCaresettingsbothpublicand
[Link]
andappreciativeoftheimportanceofprimarycareinhealthandillnessbyfamiliarisingthemselveswiththe
commonhealthproblemsseenattheambulatorycarelevelandsodevelopingappropriateknowledge,skills,
valuesandattitudestopracticefamilycentredpatientcareinaholisticmanner.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheCommunityMedicine3module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.

Explaintheorganisation,functionsandactivitiesofdifferentclinicalwardsofDistrictHospitals.
IdentifyandinterpretthediagnostictestsusedforthemanagementofthepatientinaDistrictHospital.
Identifyandparticipateinemergencysituationsandmanagementatprimarycarelevel.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

Describeandidentifyconditionswhichneedreferralofpatientstosecondaryandtertiarylevelhealthcare
andperformtimelyandproperreferralpractices.
Demonstratecommunicationskillsindealingwithpatientsandfamilymembers.
Havethedesiretomotivateandpromotethepatientsandfamilymemberstoparticipateinthe
maintenanceofhealth.
Conductcounsellingsessionsforpatientsandtheirfamilymembers.
UnderstandandinterpretstepsinvolvedinEvidenceBasedMedicine(EBM).
Interpretbasichospitalstatistics.
Adheretoethicsinvolvedinpalliativecareofterminallyillpatients.
Performthestepsinvolvedinjournalarticlecritiques.
Describeandperformthestepsinvolvedintakingasatisfactorymedicalhistoryincludingpsychological,
nutritionalandoccupationalaspectsinthecontextoffamilymedicineandtoperformfocusedphysical
examinationsandlaydowntheplansofmanagement.
Developrespectinpatientsdignity,privacyandconfidentialityinthedeliveryofhealthcareinafamily
medicinecontext.

Thismoduleintroduces/[Link]
enoughknowledgeandskillstoconfidentlyclerk,diagnoseandmanagecommonhealthproblemsasisexpected
ofamedicalpractitioner.

8)SubjectName:EmergencyMedicine2
SubjectCode:MD4507
Credits:0.0000
Semester10
Theinclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialinordertoproduceskilledandcaringdoctorswhohave
competenceandknowledgeinemergencymedicineandareabletoidentifycommonemergenciesand
administeracutemedicalcaretobothadultsandchildren.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheAccidentandEmergencymodule,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Understandthepathophysiologyofcommonmedicalandsurgicalemergencies.
Describetheprimaryandsecondarysurveyinthemanagementofshock.
Diagnoseemergencysituationsinbothadultsandinchildren.
Performtriagefortraumapatients.
Performandassistintheresuscitationofcriticallyillpatientsundersupervisionwithappreciationofthe
importanceofteamwork.
6. Recognisetheprinciplesofmedicalethicsandtheirapplicationinclinicalpractice.
7. Identifyproblemsandrisksduringtheassessmentandmanagementofpatients.
8. Demonstratebehavioursthatrespectpatientsrights,includingtherighttoconfidentiality.
9. Undertakeproblemandriskidentificationduringtheassessmentandmanagementofpatients.
10. Writeadequateclinicalnotesandmanagementrecordsofindividualpatients.
11. Participateeffectivelyinassessmentandmanagementofseriouslyillpatientsinemergencysituations.

[Link]
sufficientknowledgetopracticeconfidentlyandassessthepatientandmanageeffectivelyinemergencysituations
whicharetobeexpectedincontemporarymedicalpractice.

9)SubjectName:Forensics
SubjectCode:MD4508
Credits:0.0000
Semester10
ThismoduleisincludedinYear4ofthefiveyearDoctorofMedicineprogrammetoeducatethestudentsabout
issuesrelatingtothemedicolegalaspectsofcontemporarypracticeandtoprovidethemwithabasicworking
knowledgeoftheimplicationsofforensicpathologyformedicalpractitionersinMalaysia..

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheForensicMedicinemodule,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Discussthephysicalchangestothebodythathappenafterdeath.
Describethecommontypesofwoundsandinjuriesandtheirimplications.
Discussthecommoncausesofsuddenunexpectednaturaldeath.
Performmedicolegalreportwritingofthefindingsofanautopsy.
UnderstandtheprinciplesofMedicalEthicsinForensicsandtheirapplicationincontemporarymedical
practice.

[Link]
onlydotheywitnessafullmedicolegalautopsybuttheyarethenrequiredtowriteacasereportrecordingallofthe
[Link],thestudentsareexposedtothechangestothehumanbodywhichtakeplace
afterdeathandvarysubstantiallydependingonthecauseofdeath(e.g.,asphyxiarelateddeathassociatedwith
drowningcomparedwithdeathfollowinganaggressivephysicalassault).

10)SubjectName:GaediatricsandHIV
SubjectCode:MD4509
Credits:0.0000
Semester10
Theinclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialinordertoproduceskilledandcaringdoctorswhohave
competenceandknowledgeinGeriatricsmedicineandareabletoidentifycommondifferencesinelderlypatient
medicalcareandpoeplewithHIVinfectionwhomaybeeitheradults,pregnantmothersorchildren.

Themoduleisincludedtointroducethestudentstotheproblemofelderlypopulationandthosewithchronicallyill
conditionssuchasHIVwithneedinpalliativecare.

11)SubjectName:Orthopaedics2

SubjectCode:MD4510
Credits:0.0000
Semester10
Inclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialinordertoproduceskilful,caringdoctorswhohavesound
knowledgeinorthopaedics,areabletotakeaproperhistory,conductathoroughphysicalexamination,diagnose
[Link]
studentscommunicationskills,senseofprofessionalismandconcernforthewellbeingoftheirpatients,their
familiesandtheircommunities.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheOrthopaedics2module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

PerformhistorytakingandphysicalexaminationsonOrthopaedicpatients.
Interpretandanalysetheresultsofinvestigationsinordertoestablishaccuratediagnoses.
Explainthemanagementprinciplesforfracturesanddislocations.
Detectcommoninfectionsofbonesandjoints.
Identifycongenitalskeletalanomaliesinthenewborn.
Recognisemetabolicbonediseases.
Identifybonyneoplasms.
Describethepreventivemeasureswhichshouldbetakentoreducetheorthopaedicconsequencesof
motorvehicleaccidents.
9. Diagnoseandmanageuncomplicatedfractures.
10. Identifythecomplicationsoffracturee.g.,vascularinjury,compartmentsyndrome.
11. Discusstheuseofvariousorthopaedictechniquessuchassplinting,plaster,immobilizationetc.
12. Explain,accurately,[Link]
whichneedspecialistcareandmanagement.

Studentsarerequiredtoattendorthopaedicclinicsessions,undertakewardduties(includeclerkingofpatients),
participateinwardrounds,andattendoperatingtheatresessionsinordertolearnabouttraumaand
[Link]
takeaccuratehistories,performcompetentexaminations,correlatethesymptomsandsignsanddiagnoseand
[Link]
disciplinesoforthopaedics,traumatologyandrehabilitation,sothattheywillappreciatethevariousfacets
comprisingthespectrumofmusculoskeletaldisorders.

12)SubjectName:THEHUMANBODY(RESPONSETOSTIMULI(IMMUNOLOGY))
SubjectCode:MD3110
Credits:0.0000
Semester2
Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof:

Theprocessofinflammation,reaction,damageandrepairofcells/tissuesand

Theimmunesystem,itscomponentsandtheirinterrelationshipanditsroleininflammation

UponsuccessfulcompletionofthisElement,thestudentsshouldbeableto:

Describeinflammationandimmunity

Defineantigen,antibody

Describethestructureofimmunesystemsinthebody,theirpropertiesandmechanismsoffunctions

Describetheimmunologicalresponsestononmicrobialantigens

Describetheroleofimmunesystemintransplantationsandgraftrejection

Nametheautoimmunediseasesandtheirimmunologicalbasisand

Describeacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome.

ThisElementwillintroducestudentstotheconceptswhichunderliethehostresponsetoinsultandtointroduce
[Link]
informationconcerningImmunity.

13)SubjectName:THEHUMANBODY(NORMALFLORAANDPATHOGENICMICROORGANISMS
(MICROBIOLOGY&PARASITOLOGY))
SubjectCode:MD3111
Credits:0.0000
Semester2
Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof:

Principlesofmedicalmicrobiologyandparasitology

Roleofmicrobesandparasitesinhealthanddisease

EpidemiologyofcommoninfectiousdiseasesinMalaysia

Conceptsofcommensalism,pathogenecityandopportunisticinfections

Laboratoryskillsinidentificationandisolationofcommonmicrobes

Cultureandsensitivitytestsandtheirroleinclinicalpracticeand

Hospitalacquiredinfectionandtheroleofmicrobiologists.

Uponsuccessfulcompletionofthiselement,thestudentsshouldbeableto:

Describethestructureandphysiologyofmicroorganisms

Discussthehostmicrobeinteraction

Listtheorganismsinvolvedincommoninfectionsanddescribetheirmorphology

Discusstheconceptsofcommensalismandpathogenicityandthemicrobialvirulencefactorsincausing
diseases

Discussthelinksbetweencommensalismandopportunisticinfections

Describetheepidemiologyofcommoninfections

Explaintheprinciplesunderlyingmethodsofsterilization,disinfectionandasepticpractices

Describethemechanismsofactionofthemajorantimicrobialagentsandtheirspectraofactivity

Discusstheacquisitionofresistancetoantimicrobialagentsandthemechanismsinvolved

Applytheknowledgeofantimicrobialagentstothechoiceoftreatmentandthedevisingofpolicies

Demonstratethetechniquestoidentifythecommonmicrobesand

Describetheantibioticsensitivitymethodsandtheirimportanceinclinicalpractice.

ThisElementintroducesstudentstotheconceptswhichunderliethecausationofinfectiousdiseasesby
[Link].

ThemodulealsoprovidesthebasicinformationconcerningInfection,roleofmicrobesinhealthanddisease,and
inadditionintroducesstudentstoantimicrobialagentsandlaboratorytests.

14)SubjectName:THEHUMANBODY(INFLAMMATIONANDNEOPLASIA(PATHOLOGY))
SubjectCode:MD3104
Credits:0.0000
Semester2

Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof:
theprocessofinflammation,reaction,damageand

repairofcells/tissues

theconceptsofcellproliferation,differentiationandtheirrelationtocellcycleindifferentcellpopulations
andtheircontrolmechanisms

themultistepprocessofneoplasiaandtherole/alterationsinanumberofoncogenesandtumour
suppressorgenes.

epidemiologyofcommonmalignantlesionsinMalaysia

carcinogens.

theclassificationandcharacteristicsofcommontumours

theclinicalfeatures,diagnosis,spread,[Link].

theroleofimmunesystemintumourprevention/treatment.

thetypesandimportanceoftumourmarkersandhormonesasusefulimmunologicalmarkers

Uponsuccessfulcompletionofthiselement,thestudentsshouldbeableto:

Definethetermsinflammation,reaction,damageandrepair

Outlinetheprocessofinflammationandrepair

Listthefactorsaffectinginflammationandrepair

Defineneoplasmandclassifytumours

Explainthemolecularbasisofneoplasticlesions

OutlinetheepidemiologyoftumoursinMalaysia

Nametheriskfactorsfordifferentmalignantlesions

Describethespreadoftumoursinthebody

Discusstheclinicalpresentationandprinciplesofmanagementoftumours

Discusstheroleofimmunityinmalignantlesions

Describetheroleofvarioustumourmarkersandtheirroleinthediagnosisandprognosisoftumours


ThisElementintroducesandprovidesstudentswithanunderstandingofthebasicbiologyofcancer,andhowthe
[Link]
neoplasia,whichwillbeessentialastheyprogressintotheprogramme.

15)SubjectName:THEHUMANBODY(HOMEOSTASIS(DRUG)(PHARMACOLOGY))
SubjectCode:MD3105
Credits:0.0000
Semester2
Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof:

Drugadministration,metabolism

Bioavailabilityofdrugs

Drugformulations

Adversedrugreactions

Variousgroupsofdrugsandtheirmodeofaction

Prescriptionwriting

AttheendoftheElement,thestudentshallbeableto

Nametheroutesofdrugadministrationandlisttheiradvantagesanddisadvantages

Describeabsorption,metabolismandexcretionsofthedrugs

Listmechanismsofdrugaction,drugefficacyandfactorsregulatingthesame

Listadversedrugreactionsanddescribethepreventivemeasures

Defineclinicaltrialsanddiscusstheirroleinclinicalpractice

Describetheactionofdifferentgroupsofdrugsandtheirroleindisease

Prescribeadrug

Calculatedosageofcommondrugs

Abletowriteaprescription

ThisElementintroducesthestudentstothefieldofpharmacologyandprovidesthemwithinsightofdrug
metabolism,dosage,[Link].

16)SubjectName:MANANDSOCIETY(RESEARCHMETHODOLOGYANDBIOSTATIS)
SubjectCode:MD3112
Credits:0.0000
Semester2
Theaimofthismoduleistointroducestudentstoresearchmethodologyandbiostatisticsandexplaintheir
significanceinMedicalPractice.

Uponsuccessfulcompletionofthiselement,studentsshouldbeableto:

Definethecommontermsusedinmedicalresearchlikesample,census,data,analysisetc.

Describewhatismeantbynormaldistribution

DescribeStatisticalSignificanceand

Describedifferenttypesofanalysisandtheirsignificance.

Themoduleaimstoequipstudentswithbasicstatisticalknowledgethatwillenablethemtounderstandand
evaluatearticlesandreportspublishedinmedicaljournals.

17)SubjectName:MANANDSOCIETY(EPIDEMIOLOGY)
SubjectCode:MD3113
Credits:0.0000
Semester2
Inthiscoursestudentswillbeorientedtothebasicconceptsofepidemiology,epidemiologicalstudiesandtheir
roleinhealthanddisease.

UponsuccessfulcompletionofthisElement,studentsshouldbeableto:

Definetheterms:morbidity,mortalityandepidemiology

Describethemethodsofepidemiologicalstudiesandtheirroleinhealtheducationandpromotion

ListthecommondiseasesinMalaysiaand

Describethemethodsofhealtheducationindiseasepreventionandhealthpromotion.

ThemainemphasisinthisElementistoteachstudentstheprinciples,conceptsandmethodsbehind
epidemiologicalstudies,andintimatethemwiththeknownriskfactorsatindividual,familyandpopulationlevels
andtheneedforactivepromotionofriskreductionpracticesandpoliciesaimedatmaximizinghealthand
minimizingthedevelopmentofdisease.

18)SubjectName:PROFESSIONALISM(PERSONAL&PROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENT)
SubjectCode:MD3107
Credits:0.0000
Semester2
Toimpartknowledgeandskillsrequiredforstudentspersonalandprofessionaldevelopmentsuchastime
management,communicationskills,roleofinformationtechnologyinhealthcare,evidencebasedmedical
practice,legalaspectsgoverningthemedicalprofessioninMalaysiaetc

Attheendofthetraininginthismodule,thestudentshallbeableto

Explainhowhe/sheisgoingtomanagetimeinafruitfulway

Engageineffectivecommunicationwithpatientsdisplayingoralskillsthataretrulypatientcentredand
keybehavioursofhighqualitylisteningandexplanation,alongwithproficiencyintheuseofnonverbal
techniquesandempathy

Describethesafetyprecautionstobefollowedinhealthcaresetup

Defineevidencebasedmedicine

Describetheusesofinformationtechnologyinhealthcare

Demonstratetheskillstosurfinternetandcollectinformation

ListthelawsgoverninghealthcareinMalaysiaandbefullyawareofhis/herresponsibilitiestocommitto
aCodeofProfessionalConductexpectedofaMedicalPractitioner.

Demonstrateskillsofresuscitationendotrachealintubation,cardiacmassageetc.,thatis,firstline
managementaccordingtoagreedprotocolsandqualitystandardsonmanikinsinSkillsLab.

Thismoduleprovidesthestudentwiththeknowledgeandskillsrequiredfortheirprofessionaldevelopment.

19)SubjectName:MANANDSOCIETY(ETHICSINMEDICINE)
SubjectCode:MD3114
Credits:0.0000
Semester2
Theaimofthismoduleistointroducethestudentsearlytothevaluesofmedicalethicssoastoproduceinthem
gooddoctorswhoarenotonlycompetentbutrespecttherights,[Link]
developedasaverticalthemeinthemedicalcoursewithinteractivediscussionintheclinicalareasintheareasof
medicallaw,clinicalforensicmedicine,andforensicpathology,prescribinglawandtoxicology

UponsuccessfulcompletionofthisElement,studentsshouldbeableto:

Definethetermsconfidentiality,informedconsentanddescribetheirroleinmedicalprofession

Knowtherightsofpatientsandtakecognizanceofexamplesinmedicalpracticewhereconflictmayarise
betweenpatientautonomyandbeneficenceandhowthesearebesthandled

NametheguidelinesoftheMedicalCouncilofMalaysiaforGoodMedicalPracticeand

Discusstheimportanceofmedicalresearchinhealthpromotion.

ThisElementistointroducethestudentstotheconceptsandprinciplesofMedicalEthicsinmedicalpracticeand
research.

20)SubjectName:MANANDSOCIETY(COMMUNITYANDHEALTH(BEHAVIOURALSCIENCES))
SubjectCode:MD3115
Credits:0.0000
Semester2
Thismoduleaimstoteachstudents

Thesignificantroleofhumanbehaviouronhealthalongwithotherimpactingsocialandculturalfactors

Theimportanceofthehouseholdasabasichealthunitaswellasofsocialnetworksandsupport
systemsinaddressingpublichealthissues

Thatinterventionstochangebehaviouralhabitsareeffectiveandcandramaticallyimprovehealthas
exemplifiedinthecaseofreducedincidenceofHIVandlungcancerinmanycommunities.

UponsuccessfulcompletionofthisElement,studentsshouldbeableto:

Gaininsightintotheimpinginginfluenceofbiological,psychological,sociological,behavioral,andcultural
factorsinthedevelopment,presentationandtreatmentofdisease

Knowaboutthevariousetiologicalparadigms,includingLearningTheories,Psychodynamics,andthe
Biologicalunderpinningsofbehavior

Appreciatethebiological,psychologicalandsocialaspectsofnormalandabnormalhumandevelopment
acrossthelifecycle,includingendoflifeissues

Gainsomeintimacywiththeoriginsofpsychopathologythroughselectedlecturesonsleepdisorders,
stress,emotion,[Link]

Appreciatethatthemajorriskfactorsfordiseasesarebehavioural,socialandenvironmentalinnature
andthatabiopsychosocialapproachtopatientcareisparamount.

ThisElementintroducesthestudentstotheconceptsunderlyingthecausationofdiseasesinrelationtothe
Family,Society,[Link]
phenomenonandthatinterventionstochangebehaviourareeffectiveandcandramaticallyimprovehealth.

21)SubjectName:BODYSYSTEMS(HAEMATOLOGY)
SubjectCode:MD3201
Credits:0.0000
Semester3
Theaimofthecourseistointroducestudentstothesubjectofhaematologysothatthey

Knowthevariousconstituentsofbloodandtheirroleinnormalanddiseasedhealthstates
Understandtheclottingmechanismandthepathophysiologyofbleedingdisorders
Learnaboutbloodgroups,bloodtransfusions
Understandthepathophysiologyofcommonhaematologicaldisorders,includingthoseof
Redbloodcells
Whitebloodcells
Platelets

Interpretcommonbloodinvestigationreportsand

Understandtheclinicalpresentationofcommonblooddisorders

Attheendofthemodulethestudentshallbeableto

Listthevariousconstituentsofbloodandmentiontheirroleinnormalanddiseasestates
Namethevariousfactorsinvolvedintheclottingprocess
Describethepathophysiologyofbleedingdisorders
Listvariousbloodgroupsandmentiontheirsignificance
Listthecomplicationsofbloodtransfusionandtheirprevention
Discussthepathophysiologyofcommonhaematologicaldisordersincludingthoseof
Redbloodcells
Whitebloodcells
Platelets
Interpretcommonbloodinvestigationreports
Describetheclinicalpresentationofcommonblooddisorderslike
Anaemia
Leukemia
Bleedingdisorders.

Thismoduleprovidesstudentstheknowledgeofvariousbloodcomponentsandtheirroleinhealthanddisease
[Link],theirclinicalpresentationand
diagnosis.

22)SubjectName:BODYSYSTEMS(CVS)(CARDIOVASCULARSYSTEM)
SubjectCode:MD3208
Credits:0.0000
Semester3
ThisElementaimstoprovidestudentswithanindepthunderstandingof:

Thedevelopmentandanatomyofcardiovascularsystem

Thephysiologyofcardiovascularsystem

EtiopathogensisofcommonCVSdisorders

PathologicalchangesincommonCVSdisorders

PathophysiologyofsignsandsymptomsofCVSdisorders

RiskfactorsforCVSdisordersandtheirprevention

ClinicalPresentationofcommonCVSdisorders

CommoninvestigationsinCVSdisorders

PharmacologyofdrugscommonlyusedinCVSdisorders

EpidemiologyofCVSdiseasesinMalaysia

Attheendofthecoursethestudentsshouldbeableto

Describethedevelopmentofheartandgreatvessels
Describetheembryologicalbasisforcongenitalanomaliesoftheheart
Drawadiagramoftheheartandlabelvariousparts
Describethepericardium.
Identifycoronaryvesselsinagivenspecimen.
Discussnormalphysiologyanditsrelationtotheclinicalproblems
Listthefunctionsofheartandtheirregulation
ListtheriskfactorsforCVSdisordersanddiscusstheirroleinnormalanddisease
DiscussetiopathogenesisofcommonCVSdisorders
ListthecommonsymptomsandsignsseeninCVSdisordersanddescribetheirpathophysiology
Listthecardiacfunctiontestsandtheirvariationsincommoncardiovasculardiseases
ListthedrugsusedincommonCVSdisorders,theirdosageandmodeofaction
DiscusstheepidemiologyofCVSdisordersinMalaysia

Thissystemprovidesthescientificbackgroundnecessaryforanunderstandingofcardiovascularsystematalevel
[Link]
[Link]
dysfunctions.

23)SubjectName:BODYSYSTEMS(ENDOCRINESYSTEM)
SubjectCode:MD3204
Credits:0.0000
Semester3

Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof

DevelopmentofEndocrineglands
AnatomyofEndocrineglands
StructureandfunctionsofEndocrineglands
Physiologyofvarioushormones
Pathophysiologyofcommonsignsandsymptomsrelatedtotheendocrinaldiseases
Clinicalpresentationofcommonproblemsinvolvingtheendocrinalglandsand
Commoninvestigations(radiological,biochemical,microbiologicalandothers)relatedtothe
system.

Attheendofthismodule,thestudentshallbeableto

Listvariousendocrineglandsandtheirhormones

Describethedevelopmentofendocrineglands

Describetheanatomyofendocrineglands

Discussnormalphysiologyanditsrelationtotheclinicalproblems

Listthefunctionsofendocrineglandsandtheirregulation

Namevarioushormonesandtheirfunctions

Discussetiopathogenesisofcommonendocrinedisorders

Listthecommonsymptomsandsignsseeninendocrinedisordersanddescribetheirpathophysiology

Listinvestigationsfordifferentendocrinedisorders

Discussthepharmacologyofdrugsusedinendocrinedisordersand

DiscusstheepidemiologyofendocrinedisordersinMalaysia.

24)SubjectName:BODYSYSTEMS(RESPIRATORYSYSTEM)
SubjectCode:MD3205
Credits:0.0000
Semester3
Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof:

Thedevelopmentandanatomyofrespiratorysystem
Thephysiologyofrespiratorysystem
Theroleofrespiratorysysteminmaintainingtheacidbasebalance
Etiopathogensisandpathologicalchangesofcommonrespiratorydiseases
Pathophysiologyofsignsandsymptomsofrespiratorydiseases
Clinicalaspectsofcommonrespiratorydiseases
Pharmacologyofthecommonlyuseddrugsusedinrespiratorydiseases
Theriskfactorsforrespiratorydiseasesandtheirpreventionand
EpidemiologyofrespiratorydiseasesinMalaysia.

Attheendofthecoursethestudentsshouldbeableto:

Describethedevelopmentofrespiratorysystem
Describetheembryologicalbasisforcongenitalanomaliesofrespiratorysystem
DrawadiagramoftheUpperrespiratorytractandlabelvariousparts
Drawadiagramoflungsandlabelvarioussegments
Discussnormalphysiologyanditsrelationtotheclinicalproblems
Listthefunctionsofrespiratorysystemandtheirregulation
Listtheriskfactorsforrespiratorydisordersanddiscusstheirroleinnormalanddiseasestates
Discussetiopathogenesisofcommonrespiratorydisorders
Listthecommonsymptomsandsignsseeninrespiratorydisordersanddescribetheirpathophysiology
Listthelungfunctiontestsandtheirroleinnormalanddiseasestates
Interpretthereportofpulmonaryfunctiontests

Discussthepharmacologyofdrugsusedinrespiratorydisordersand
DiscusstheepidemiologyofrespiratorydisordersinMalaysia.

Thismoduleintroducesstudentstheconceptswhichwouldenablethemtounderstandvariousdiseasesof
[Link]
understandingtheclinicalproblemsandtheirpathophysiologyetc.

25)SubjectName:BODYSYSTEMS(GUS)(GENITOURINARYSYSTEM)
SubjectCode:MD3206
Credits:0.0000
Semester4
Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof:

Thedevelopmentandtheanatomyofrenalsystem

ThephysiologyofurineformationandtheroleofrenalsysteminhomeostasisandpHregulation

Theembryologicalbasisofcommoncongenitalmalformations

Thepathophysiologyofcommonsignsandsymptomsofrenaldiseases

Theclinicalpresentationofcommonrenaldiseases

Investigationsrelatedtotherenaldiseases

Thepharmacologyofdrugsusedinrenaldiseasesandtheeffectofrenalfailureonthedrugsand

Thebasicsofrenaltransplantation.

Attheendofthemodulethestudentsshallbeableto:
Describethedevelopmentofrenalsystem
Describetheembryologicalbasisforcongenitalanomaliesofrenalsystem
Describetheanatomyofurinarytract,withthehelpofadiagram
Discussnormalphysiologyanditsrelationtotheclinicalproblems
Listthefunctionsofrenalsystemandtheirregulation
Listtheriskfactorsforrenaldisordersanddiscusstheirroleinnormalanddiseasestates
Discussetiopathogenesisofcommonrenaldisorders
Listcommonsymptomsandsignsseeninrenaldisordersanddescribetheirpathophysiology
Listrenalfunctiontests,normalvaluesandtheirchangesindiseasestates
DiscusstheepidemiologyofrenaldisordersinMalaysia
Listthecommondrugsusedinrenaldisordersandtheirmodeofaction
Definerenalfailureandmentionthetypesand
Mentiontheprinciplesofrenaltransplantation.

ThisCourseprovidesthescientificbackgroundnecessaryfortheunderstandingoftherenalsystematalevel
[Link],theirregulationand
dysfunctionatthemolecular,[Link]
[Link],renalandimplicationsofrenal/bladderdysfunctionintermsofthe
individual,andtheirphysicalandsocialenvironment.

26)SubjectName:BODYSYSTEMS(REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM)
SubjectCode:MD3207
Credits:0.0000
Semester4
Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof:

Thedevelopmentofreproductivesystemanddisordersofsexualdifferentiation
Theanatomyandhistologyofmaleandfemalereproductivetractandaccessoryglands
Thephysiologyofmaleandfemalereproductivetract
Commondiseasesincludingneoplasiasofmaleandfemalereproductivetracts
Changesatpubertyandtheirphysiology
Thephysiologyofcoitus,conceptionandimplantation
Infertility
Placenta
Foetaladaptationstolifeinutero
Birthandlactationand
Ethicalconsiderationsinrelationtoreproductivemedicine.

Attheendofthismodulethestudentshouldbeableto:

Describethedevelopmentofthereproductivesysteminmalesandfemales
Identifythedisordersofsexualdifferentiation
Diagrammaticallydescribetheanatomyofmaleandfemalereproductivetract
Describethehistologyofmaleandfemalereproductivetractandbreast
Listthefunctionsofthereproductivesystem,theirphysiologyandregulatorymechanisms
Describemenstrualcycleanditsregulation
Namethecommoninfections,includingsexuallytransmitteddiseases,ofthereproductivesystemanddescribe
theiretiopathogenesis
Listthecommonneoplasiasofthemaleandfemalereproductivetracts
Listthesigns&symptomsofcommondisordersofthereproductivesystemanddescribetheirpathophysiology
Describethepubertychangesandtheirphysiologicalbasis
DescribePhysiologyofcoitus,conceptionandimplantation

Describethestructureoftheplacentaanditsfunctions
Describethefoetaladaptationstolifeinutero
DiscusspathophysiologyandprinciplesofmanagementofInfertility
Discusstheprocessesunderlyingbirthandlactationand
Discusstheethicalconsiderationsinrelationtoreproductivemedicine.

Thismoduleintroducesthestudentstothereproductivesystemanddiscussesthephysiologicalchangesat
puberty,conceptionanddiseasesrelatedtothereproductivesystemofmalesandfemales.

27)SubjectName:BODYSYSTEMS(MUSCULOSKELETALSYSTEM)
SubjectCode:MD3202
Credits:0.0000
Semester4
Theaimofthecourseistoprovidestudentswithastrongfoundationinaspectsofthemusculoskeletalsystemso
thatthey

UnderstandthedevelopmentofLimbsandSpine

Acquireknowledgeregardingthestructureandfunctionsoflimbsandspine

Understandthephysiologyofgaitanditsphases

LearnthepathophysiologyofcommonsignsandsymptomsrelatedtotheMusculoskeletalsystem

Understandtheclinicalpresentationofcommonproblemsinvolvingthemusculoskeletalsystem:

Osteomyelitis
Arthritis
DiscProlapse
Osteoporosis
Bonetumours
Fracturesand

Understandtheprinciplesofcommoninvestigations(radiological,biochemical,microbiologicaland

others)relatedtothesystem.

Attheendofthemodulethestudentswillbeableto:

Describethedevelopmentofthemusculoskeletalsystemandembryologicalbasisofcongenital

malformations

Describethestructureandlistthefunctionsofthelimbsandspine

Classifythejointsandtheirroleinnormalanddisease

Describethephysiologyofgaitanditsphases

Describecalciummetabolismanditsrelationtobonediseases

Describethenerveplexusesandunderstandphysiologyandpathophysiologyofnerveinjuries

DescribetheepidemiologyofmusculoskeletaldiseasesinMalaysia

Describethecommonsignsandsymptomsinmusculoskeletaldisordersandtheirpathophysiology

Listthesignsandsymptomsofcommonproblemslike

Osteomyelitis

Arthritis

DiscProlapse

Osteoporosis

Bonetumours

Fracturesand

Listtheprinciplesinvolvedinvariousinvestigationsrelatedtothemusculoskeletalsystem.

ThisElementprovidesthescientificbackgroundnecessaryforunderstandingtheMusculoskeletal(Locomotor)
[Link](namely,the
bones,joints,musclesandnerves).Aninsightintothecommonclinicalproblemsaffectingthesystemisalso
covered.

28)SubjectName:BODYSYSTEMS(GIT)(GASTROINTESTINALTRACT)
SubjectCode:MD3203
Credits:0.0000
Semester4
Thiscourseaimstoprovidestudentswithanindepthunderstandingofthe
DevelopmentandanatomyofGastrointestinalandhepatobiliarysystems
Congenitalmalformationsandtheirembryologicalbasis
PhysiologyincludingdigestionandmotilityofGITandhepatobiliarysystems
PathologyofcommonGIdisordersandhepatobiliarysystems
PathophysiologybehindthesignsandsymptomsrelatedtocommonGIdiseasesandhepatobiliarysystems
Clinicalpresentationofthecommondisorders
EpidemiologyofGIdisordersinMalaysiaand
DrugsusedforcommonGIdisorders.

Bytheendofthemodulethestudentshouldbeableto:

Describethedevelopmentandanatomyofgastrointestinalsystem
Describethephysiologyofgastrointestinalsystem
Listthefunctionsofgastrointestinalsystemandtheirregulation
Listthecommoncongenitalmalformationsandtheirembryologicalbasis
Namethecommonmotilitydisordersanddescribetheirphysiologicalbasis
DiscusstheepidemiologyofgastrointestinaldisordersinMalaysia
Listthecommonsymptomsandsignsseeningastrointestinaldisordersanddescribetheirpathophysiology
Discussthepharmacologyofdrugsusedingastrointestinaldisorders
Describethedevelopmentandanatomyofhepatobiliarysystem
Describethephysiologyofhepatobiliarysystem
Listthecommoncongenitalmalformationsandtheirembryologicalbasis
Listthefunctionsofhepatobiliarysystemandtheirregulation
Discussetiopathogenesisofcommonhepatobiliarydisorders
Nametheliverfunctiontestsandtheirroleinnormalanddiseasestates
Listthecommonsymptomsandsignsseeninhepatobiliarydisordersanddescribetheirpathophysiologyand
InterpretLiverFunctionTestReports.

Thissystemintroducesstudentstothefundamentalknowledgeofanatomy,physiology,biochemistry,
microbiology,pathologyandpharmacologywithrelevancetonormalanddiseaseconditionsthataremorespecific
[Link]
introducedsimultaneously.

29)SubjectName:BODYSYSTEMS(CNS)(CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM)
SubjectCode:NURS3073
Credits:0.0000
Semester4
Toenablestudentstoacquiresufficientunderstandingandknowledgeof:

Thedevelopmentandanatomythecentralnervoussystem
Thephysiologyofcentralnervoussystem
Themajorregionsofcentralnervoussystemandtheirfunctions
Etiopathogensisandpathologicalchangesofcommondiseasesofcentralnervoussystem
Clinicalpresentationofcommondiseasesofcentralnervoussystem
Thepathophysiologyofsignsandsymptomsofcommondiseasesofcentralnervoussystem
Thepharmacologyofthecommonlyuseddrugsusedincentralnervoussystem
Theriskfactorsfordisordersofcentralnervousandtheirprevention
TheepidemiologyofcentralnervoussystemdisordersinMalaysia

Attheendofthecoursethestudentsshouldbeableto:

Describethedevelopmentofcentralnervoussystem
Listthecommoncongenitalanomaliesofcentralnervoussystem
Drawadiagramofthebrainandlabelthemajorregions,listthestructuresineachoftheareas
Describethehistologicalfeaturesofdifferenttypesofneurons
Listthefunctionsofvariousstructuresofcentralnervoussystemandtheirregulation
Namethemajorneuronalpathwaysandtheirfunctions
Discusstheroleofneurotransmittersandtheirreceptorsinnormalanddiseasestates
Listtheriskfactorsforcentralnervousdisordersandtheirprevention
Discussetiopathogenesisofcommoncentralnervoussystemdisorders
Listthecommonsymptomsandsignsseenincentralnervoussystemdisordersanddescribetheir
pathophysiology
Listvariousinvestigationsandtheirimportanceinclinicalmedicine

ListimagingtechniquesforCNSandtheirimportance
ListthecommondrugsusedinCNSdisorders,theirdosage,modeofactionandcomplications
DiscusstheepidemiologyofcentralnervousdisordersinMalaysia

Thismoduleintroducesstudentstothefundamentalknowledgeofanatomy,physiology,biochemistry,
microbiology,pathologyandpharmacologywithrelevancetonormalanddiseaseconditionsmorespecifictothe
[Link]
simultaneously..

30)SubjectName:InternalMedicine1
SubjectCode:MD4301
Credits:0.0000
Semester5
Inclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialinordertointroducethestudentstoindividualmedical
[Link]
competentmedicalprofessionals.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheInternalMedicine1module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.

2.
3.
4.

Describetheaetiology,pathophysiology,clinicalfeatures,investigationsandmanagementofcommon
medicalconditionsofthefollowing:CardiovascularsystemRespiratorysystemGastroenterological
andhepaticbiliarysystemsNervousSystemEndocrineSystemHaematologyInfectionsConnective
tissuedisorders.
Diagnoseandoutlinetheplanofmanagementofthemedicalemergencies.
RecognisetheECGpatternsofthecardiacarrhythmias,AMIandelectrolytesimbalances.
MedicalEthicsunderstandprinciplesofEthicsinMedicineandtheirapplicationinclinicalpractice.

5.

6.

7.
8.
9.

Demonstrateappropriatecommunicationskillsindealingwithpatientsandtheirfamiliestofacilitate
clinicalinteraction,incounsellingpatientsandtheirrelativesaboutcommonmedicalillnessesand
advisingabouttheirprevention.
Inrelationtobedsideteaching:(a)Performproperhistorytakingandcompleteaphysicalexaminationofa
medicalpatient.(b)Demonstratetheabilitytodiagnosecommonmedicalconditions.(c)Demonstratethe
abilitytorequestrationalinvestigationsandinterprettheresults.
ClinicalSkillsobserveandperformcommonproceduresdoneinthemedicalwardsundersupervision
ofhouseofficer/medicalofficer.
Appreciatetheinfluenceandparticipationoffamily,communityandsocietyonthecareofpatient,inhealth
anddisease.
Recognisetheimportanceofcontinuousmedicaleducation.

TheYear3InternalMedicinemoduleintroducesstudentstobasicclinicalmethodsandcommunicationskillsin
historytaking,[Link]
studentstohospitalbasedpatientsandwillbeconductedinboththeinpatientandoutpatientfacilitiesofthe
hospital.

31)SubjectName:Paediatrics1
SubjectCode:MD4302
Credits:0.0000
Semester5
ThismoduleisincludedinYear3ofLincolnUniversityCollegeFacultyofMedicinesDoctorofMedicine
programmetoeducatetheUniversitysmedicalstudentstobeknowledgeableaboutthenormalgrowthand
developmentofachildandthepathophysiologyofcommonchildhooddiseases,soastobeabletocompetently
performageappropriatephysicalexaminations,togiveplausiblediagnoses,tooutlinetheprinciplesof
managementandtodevelopcommunicationskills,professionalismandasensitive,considerateattitudetowards
patient,familyandcommunityandsobecomeethical,passionateandskilfuldoctors.

OnsuccessfulcompletionofthePaediatrics1module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.

Performreliableassessmentsofthegrowthanddevelopmentofchildrenusingacceptedprotocolsand
milestonestodifferentiateabnormalfromnormalpresentations.
Describetheaetiology,epidemiology,clinicalfeaturesandpathophysiology/pathogenesisofcommon
childhoodillnesses.
Diagnosecommonchildhoodillnessesthroughproperhistorytaking,physicalexamination,identification
andinterpretationofrelevantinvestigations.
Outlinethemanagementofcommonacuteandchronicchildhoodillnesses.
Demonstrategoodcommunicationskillsindealingwithchildrenandtheirfamiliestofacilitateclinical
interactionandprovidecounsellingtothecaregivers/parentsandchildrenaboutthecommonchildhood
illnesses,includingtheirpreventionandmanagement.
Provideguidancetotheparentsaboutfeedingandthenutritionalrequirementsofchildren.
UnderstandprinciplesofMedicalEthicsinPaediatricsandtheirapplicationinpaediatricclinicalpractice.
Appreciatetheinfluenceoffamily,communityandsocietyonthechild,inhealthanddiseased

9.

Counselthecaregivers/parentsaboutimmunisationdependingonthecurrentimmunisationschedule
ofMalaysiaanditsnationalchildhealthcareprogrammes.
10. Recognisetheimportanceofcontinuousmedicaleducation.

Thismoduleisdesignedtotrainthestudentsintheartofclinicalmedicine,historytaking,clinicalexamination,the
makingofaprovisionaldiagnosis,requestingrationalinvestigations,theinterpretationofrelevantdataandthe
[Link]
[Link]
ensuresthatthestudentslearnthepreventiveaspects,includingcounsellingandgivinghealtheducationto
caregivers/parentsandchildrenaccordingtotheirageandlevelofunderstanding.

32)SubjectName:GeneralSurgery1
SubjectCode:MD4303
Credits:0.0000
Semester5
InclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumofLincolnUniversityCollege,FacultyofMedicinesMDProgrammeis
essentialinordertoproducehighlyskilled,caringdoctorswhohaveknowledgeingeneralsurgery,areableto
takeaproperhistory,conductaproperphysicalexamination,diagnoseandoutlinetheprinciplesofmanagement
[Link]
skills,professionalismandpositiveattitudestowardsthepatient,familyandcommunity.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheGeneralSurgery1module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.

Applybasicsciencesinclinicalsurgicalpractice.
Discusstheaetiology,pathophysiologyandclinicalfeaturesofcommonsurgicalproblemsincluding
emergenciesandmalignantconditionsinadultsandchildren.
3. Performaproperhistorytakingandacompletephysicalexaminationofasurgicalpatienttoarriveata
provisionaldiagnosis.
4. Statetherelevantinvestigationsandbeabletointerprettheresultstoarriveatadiagnosis.
5. Outlinetheprinciplesofmanagementforacuteandchronicsurgicalillnesses.
6. Counselthepatientandfamilyregardingdiagnosisandproposedtreatment.
7. Describefluidandelectrolytetherapy,includingbloodtransfusion,anditsapplicationinsurgicalpractice.
8. Describetheantisepticsandasepticmeasuresandtheirrelevanceinsurgicalpractice.
9. Describethecommonsurgicalinstrumentsandtheirusesinvarioussurgicalprocedures.
10. Demonstraterespectforpatient,familyandlifestyles,payingattentiontocultural,ethnic,and
socioeconomicinfluences.

Thissurgicalmoduleintroducesstudentstovariouscommonsurgicalproblemsofbothacuteandchronicillness
[Link]
andtheskilltoclerk,performphysicalexaminations,identifyandinterpretrelevantinvestigations,diagnoseand
outlinemanagementplansforcommonsurgicalillnessesinaccordancewithMalaysianclinicalpractice
guidelines.

33)SubjectName:ObstrestricsandGynaecology1
SubjectCode:MD4304
Credits:0.0000
Semester5
InclusionofthismoduleintheYear3curriculumofLincolnUniversity,FacultyofMedicinesMDProgrammeis
essentialforthetrainingofmedicalstudentsatthisinitialstageinordertopreparethemfortheestablishmentof
effectiverelationshipswithpatientsandtodeveloptheiressentialclinicalskillsinObstetricsandGynaecologyso
thattheymaybecomeskilful,ethicalandcompassionatedoctorswithsensitivitytodifferentculturesandreligions.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheObstetricsandGynaecology1module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

13.
14.

Describeanatomy,physiology,pathologyandpharmacologyinrelationtoobstetricsandgynaecology.
Perform,systematically,properobstetricandgynaecologicalhistorytakingandphysicalexaminations.
Interpretclinicalsymptomsandsigns,relevantinvestigationresults,establishdifferentialdiagnoses,
outlineappropriateprinciplesofmanagementandassessoutcomes
Applybasicsciencestoclinicalpracticeinobstetricsandgynaecology.
Outlinethemanagementofnormalpregnancy,normallabourandnormalpuerperium.
Witnesstennormaldeliveriesandconductonenormaldelivery.
Recognizeabnormalpregnancy,abnormallabour,abnormalpuerperiumandcommongynaecological
disorders.
Recognizeandoutlinethemanagementprinciplesofobstetricandgynaecologicalemergenciescases.
Describethebasicprinciplesunderlyingtheinvestigations,diagnosisandtreatmentoptionsforcommon
obstetricproblemsandgynaecologicaldiseases.
Describethecommoncausesandthepreventativeactionstakentoreducematernalandperinatal
mortalityinMalaysia.
Counselpatientswithcommonobstetricproblemsandgynaecologicaldiseases.
Careforpatientsinconformitywithmedicalethics,respectthecustomsandreligionofthepatientandthe
community,showrespectfortheplaceofwomeninafamilyandinsocietyandacknowledgethe
importanceofthesocialaspectofobstetricsandgynaecology.
Developanattitudeofvigilancethatpregnancy,thoughanormalphysiologicalprocess,canturn
pathologicalatanystageandthatgoodobstetriccareis,ineffect,preventivegynaecology.
Adoptthehabitofcontinuingselfeducationandscientificinvestigations.

InObstetrics,thephysiologyofnormalpregnancy,antenatalcareandbasicnutritionalrequirements,the
[Link]
taughtwithemphasisonpainreliefandtheuseofpharmacologicalagentsinretardingoracceleratinglabour.
Studentsareallowedtogainpracticalexperiencebyperforminganormaldeliveryandaregiventheopportunityto
developmanualskillsbyassistingatoperativedeliveries.

InGynaecology,muchattentionisfocusedonthescienceandtechniquesofconception,itscontrolandthe
[Link]

[Link]
controllingcervicalcancerandtheproblemsofearlypregnancyishighlighted.

Theseaimsareaccomplishedby:
1.
2.
3.

Teachingtheevaluationofaclinicalconditionfromthehistoryandphysicalfindings.
Employingcasepresentationasthepreferredmethodofteaching.
Bedsidediscussions,seminars,clinicalteachingsessionsandclerkshiprotationsthroughthelabour,
antenatalandgynaecologicalwards,inordertogaineffectivecommunicationandrapportwithwomenin
physicaland/ormentalstress.

34)SubjectName:Psychiatry1
SubjectCode:MD4305
Credits:0.0000
Semester5
Inclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialinordertoproducehighlyskilledandcaringdoctorswho
haveknowledgeinpsychiatryandabletoperformproperpsychiatricinterviews,mentalstateexaminationsand
diagnoseandmanagecommonpsychiatricdisorders.

OnsuccessfulcompletionofthePsychiatrymodule,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

UnderstandtheprinciplesofMedicalEthicsinPsychiatryandtheirapplicationinpsychiatricpractice.
Understandandperformproperpsychiatricinterviews.
Understandandperformobjectivementalstateexaminations.
Describethepsychopathologyofcommonpsychiatricdisorders.
Identifypsychiatriccaseswhichneedreferralforspecialisttreatment.
Understandcommonmedicationsinpsychiatryandthewritingofacorrectprescription.
Identifyanddiscusslegalissuesrelatedtomentaldisorders.
Discussissuesrelatingtopsychiatricpresentationsinorganicconditions.
Diagnosecommonpsychiatricdisordersandplanfortheirinvestigationandmanagementincluding
psychosocialtreatment.
10. Demonstrategoodcommunicationandcounsellingskills.
11. Appreciatethenatureandcontributionofmultidisciplinaryinvolvementinpsychiatricmanagement.

[Link]
knowledgeandskillstoconfidentlyclerk,diagnoseandmanagecommonpsychiatricdisorderswhichisexpected
inageneralmedicalpractitioner.

35)SubjectName:FamilyMedicine1
SubjectCode:MD4306
Credits:0.0000
Semester6

TofamiliarisethestudentswiththeorganisationofdifferentlevelsofservicesprovidedbytheMinistryofHealth,
otherGovernmentalagenciesandNonGovernmentalOrganisations(NGOs).Totrainthestudentsinorderthat
theycanparticipateasteammembersintheprovisionofpromotive,preventive,curativeandrehabilitativeservices
tomembersofthecommunitywithdifferentsocioculturalandphysicalneeds.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheFamilyMedicine1module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.

Describetheorganisationalsetup,functionsandactivitiesoftheFamilyHealthDevelopmentDivisionof
MinistryofHealth.
2. Identifyandplanthemanagementoftheriskfactorsinpregnancyandtheirimplications.
3. Performhistorytakingandthephysicalexaminationofantenatalpatientsandchildrenathealthclinics.
4. Providecounsellingonthetypesofimmunisation,immunisationschedules,sideeffectsand
contraindications.
5. Providecounsellingandguidanceonbreastfeeding,approachestoweaning,nutritionandthefeedingof
childrenandpregnantandlactatingmothers.
6. Functionasateammemberintheactivitiesofthematernalandchildhealthservices.
7. DescribeproblemsinvolvedinAdolescentReproductiveHealth(ARH)andtherelevantservicesavailable
indifferentclinicsofMinistryofHealth.
8. Describethedifferentmethodsoffamilyplanningandtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeach
method.
9. Useappropriatecommunicationskillstobuildrapportwithmothers,childrenandfamilymembers.
10. Demonstrateappropriateleadershipskillsinclassroomsandinthecommunity.

Thismoduleequipsstudentswiththeknowledgeandskillsnecessarytoconfidentlyclerk,diagnoseandmanage
casesintermsofboththeclinicalandsocialaspectsandparticipateasateammemberinthedeliveryofhealth
careservicesasacommunityorientedmedicalprofessional.

36)SubjectName:EmergencyMedicine1
SubjectCode:MD4307
Credits:0.0000
Semester6
TheinclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumoftheLincolnUniversityCollege,FacultyofMedicine,MD
Programmeisessentialinordertoproduceskilledandcaringdoctorswhohavecompetenceandknowledgein
emergencymedicineandareabletoidentifycommonemergenciesandadministeracutemedicalcaretoboth
adultsandchildren.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheAccidentandEmergencymodule,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Understandthepathophysiologyofcommonmedicalandsurgicalemergencies.
Describetheprimaryandsecondarysurveyinthemanagementofshock.
Diagnoseemergencysituationsinbothadultsandinchildren.
Performtriagefortraumapatients.
Performandassistintheresuscitationofcriticallyillpatientsundersupervisionwithappreciationofthe
importanceofteamwork.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Recognisetheprinciplesofmedicalethicsandtheirapplicationinclinicalpractice.
Identifyproblemsandrisksduringtheassessmentandmanagementofpatients.
Demonstratebehavioursthatrespectpatientsrights,includingtherighttoconfidentiality.
Undertakeproblemandriskidentificationduringtheassessmentandmanagementofpatients.
Writeadequateclinicalnotesandmanagementrecordsofindividualpatients.
Participateeffectivelyinassessmentandmanagementofseriouslyillpatientsinemergencysituations.

[Link]
sufficientknowledgetopracticeconfidentlyandassessthepatientandmanageeffectivelyinemergencysituations
whicharetobeexpectedincontemporarymedicalpractice.

37)SubjectName:CommunityMedicine1
SubjectCode:MD4308
Credits:0.0000
Semester6
TofamiliarisethestudentswiththeorganisationofdifferentlevelsofservicesprovidedbytheMinistryofHealth,
otherGovernmentalagenciesandNonGovernmentalOrganisations(NGOs).Totrainthestudentsinorderthat
theycanparticipateasteammembersintheprovisionofpromotive,preventive,curativeandrehabilitativeservices
tomembersofthecommunitywithdifferentsocioculturalandphysicalneeds.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheCommunityMedicine1module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

FunctionasateammemberintheactivitiesoftheDistrictHealthServicesteamoftheMinistryofHealth,
Malaysia
Explaintheepidemiologyandcontrolofcommunicableandnoncommunicablediseases.
Identifyanddescribeenvironmentalhealthproblemsandtheirpreventivemeasures.
Describeoccupationalhazardsandtheircontrolmeasures.
DescribethecommonaddictionproblemsinMalaysiaandtheGovernmentsplanforthecontrolofthese
problems.
DescribetheepidemiologyofdeformitiesandtheservicesavailableinMalaysiaforpeoplewithspecial
needs.
Definepalliativecareanddescribehowpalliativecareservicesdifferfromotherservices.
DescribetheroleofHealthEducationProgrammesintheservicedeliverysystemofMalaysia.
Describethetypesoffamilyviolenceandabuse,therelevantriskfactorsandthepreventivemeasures
thatcanbeapplied.
IdentifyanddescribethemedicalethicsissuesinMalaysia.
Identifytheprinciplesgoverningtheinterpretationofdemographicandvitalstatistics.
UseappropriatecommunicationskillstobuildrapportwithNGOandMinistryofHealthdiseaseand
environmentalcontrolteammembers.
Demonstrateappropriateleadershipskillsinclassroomsandinthecommunity.

Thismoduleequipsstudentswiththeknowledgeandskillsnecessaryinpromotingandpreventionofdiseases
andparticipateasateammemberinthedeliveryofhealthcareservicesasacommunityorientedmedical
professional.

38)SubjectName:Introductiontoclinicalclerkship
SubjectCode:MD4309
Credits:0.0000
Semester6
Tointroducestudentstoahospitalsettingandtosomeoftheskillswhichtheywillrequireasfuturemedical
practitionersand,asaconsequence,strivetoachieveasmoothertransitionfrompreclinicaltoclinicaltraining.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheOrientationtoClinicalPracticemodule,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Identifyanddescribe,insomedetail,whatisexpectedofthemregardingacademicachievement,attitude
andbehaviourduringtheclinicalyearsoftheirDoctorofMedicineprogramme.
Recognisethebasicprinciplesofethics,professionalismandthelegalaspectsofmedicalpractice.
Discussageandsystemorientatedhistorytaking.
Describethebasicclinicalmethodsinsystematicphysicalexamination.
ProvideanoverviewofsubjectssuchasOtorhinolaryngology,Ophthalmology,Orthopaedics,Radiology,
etc.
Demonstrateanappreciationofcommunicationskillswithrespecttodifferentculturesandsocial
backgrounds.
Appreciatethefunctionsandorganisationofthemainteachinghospital,Hospital.

[Link]
moduleseekstobegintopreparestudentstopracticethescienceofclinicalmedicine,topicsfocussedonMedical
ethics,[Link]
comprisingthismodulewillincludeintroductorylectures,smallgroupteachingandpracticalsessionsinthe
[Link](4)[Link](2)weeksarespent
mainlyonlecturesandstudentpresentations,whilethethirdandfourthweekplacesgreateremphasisonsmall
[Link]
spentonatouroftheHospitalguidedbymembersofthehospitalsstaff.

39)SubjectName:InternalMedicine2
SubjectCode:MD4401
Credits:0.0000
Semester7
Inclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialinordertoanalysethesignsandsymptomsofdiseases
usingasyndromicapproach.ThestudentshavealreadyattainedknowledgeofindividualdiseasesinYear3and
thismodule(MD4401)isintendedtofacilitatetheirconsiderationofcommonlyfoundproblemsbasedonthe

[Link]
studentsarealsotrainedtoconsiderhowtoinvestigateandmanagethepatientsusingasyndromicapproach.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheInternalMedicine2module,thestudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Demonstrateeffectivecommunicationskillsthatwillfacilitateclinicalinteractionwithpatientsandtheir
familiestoobtaincompleteandaccuratedatainrelationstotheirsymptoms.
Demonstratecompetencyintakinghistoriesandconductingcompletephysicalexaminationsofmedical
patients.
Analysethecommonsymptomsofvariousdiseasesusingasyndromicapproach.
Requestrationalinvestigationsandaccuratelyinterprettheresults.
Diagnosecommonmedicalconditions.
Applytheknowledgenecessaryforthecompetentmanagementofcommonmedicalconditions,both
acuteandchronic.
Giveaccurateexplanationstopatientswithmedicalproblemsandgiveappropriatecounsellingwhen
necessary.
Communicateeffectivelyandsensitivelywhendealingwithpatientsandtheirfamiliestofacilitatetheir
understandingofcommonmedicalillnessesandtheirtreatment.
Recognisetheimportanceforcompetentmedicalpracticeofcontinuingmedicaleducation.

This,thesecondInternalMedicinemodule,reintroducesstudentstobasicclinicalmethodsandtheemphasised
thefurtheracquisitionofcommunicationskillsinhistorytaking,physicalexaminationandthemakingofa
[Link].

40)SubjectName:Paediatrics2
SubjectCode:MD04402
Credits:0.0000
Semester7
ThismoduleisincludedintheLincolnUniversityCollege,FacultyofMedicine,MDYear4programmetoeducate
themedicalstudentstobeknowledgeableaboutthenormalgrowthanddevelopmentofachildandthe
pathophysiologyofcommonchildhooddiseases,tocompetentlyperformageappropriatephysicalexaminations,
[Link]
developthestudentscommunicationskills,professionalismandrespectfulattitudestowardsthepatient,family
andcommunitysothattheywillbecomeethical,passionateandskilfulmedicaldoctors.

OnsuccessfulcompletionofthePaediatrics2module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.

Performgrowthanddevelopmentalassessmentofchildrentodifferentiateabnormalfromnormal
presentation.
Describetheaetiology,epidemiology,clinicalfeaturesandpathophysiology/pathogenesisofcommon
childhoodillnesses.

3.

Diagnosecommonchildhoodillnessesthroughproperhistorytaking,physicalexamination,identification
andinterpretationofrelevantinvestigations.
4. Outlinethemanagementofcommonacuteandchronicchildhoodillnesses.
5. Demonstrategoodcommunicationskillswhendealingwiththechildrenandtheirfamiliestofacilitate
clinicalinteractionandwhencounsellingcaregivers/parentsandchildrenaboutcommonchildhood
illnesses,theirmanagementandtheirprevention.
6. Provideguidancetotheparentsaboutfeedingandthenutritionalrequirementsofchildren.
7. UnderstandprinciplesofMedicalEthicsinPaediatricsandtheirapplicationinpaediatricclinicalpractice.
8. Appreciatetheinfluenceoffamily,communityandsocietyonthechild,inhealthanddisease.
9. Counselthecaregivers/parentsaboutimmunisationdependingonthecurrentimmunisationschedule
ofMalaysiaandnationalchildhealthcareprogrammes.
10. Recognizetheimportanceofcontinuousmedicaleducation.

Thismoduleexplainstheepidemiologicaldistributionofthecommonillnessesofchildhoodincludingchildhood
malignanciestheiraetiology,pathophysiology,pathogenesis,symptomsandsigns,complicationsand
[Link],historytaking,clinical
examination,provisionaldiagnosis,requestingappropriateinvestigations,interpretationofrelevantdataandthe
[Link]
situations,[Link]
thestudentslearnaboutthepreventiveaspectsofdiseaseaswellastheprocessesinvolvedincounsellingand
givinghealtheducationtocaregivers/parentsandchildrenaccordingtotheirageandlevelofunderstanding.

41)SubjectName:GeneralSurgery2
SubjectCode:MD4403
Credits:0.0000
Semester7
InclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumofLincolnUniversity,FacultyofMedicine,MDProgrammeisessentialin
ordertoproducehighlyskilled,caringdoctorswhohaveasoundworkingknowledgeingeneralsurgery,areable
totakeareliablehistory,conductacompetentphysicalexamination,diagnoseandoutlineanappropriateplanof
[Link],ineachofthestudents,effectiveandperceptive
communicationskills,asenseofprofessionalresponsibilityandrespectfulattitudestowardsthepatient,family
andcommunity.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheGeneralSurgery2module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Discusstheaetiology,pathophysiologyandclinicalfeaturesofcommonsurgicalproblemsincluding
emergenciesandmalignantconditionsinadultsandchildren.
Perform,withconfidence,properhistorytakingandcompletephysicalexaminationofasurgicalpatientto
arriveatprovisionaldiagnosis.
Statetherelevantinvestigationsandinterprettheresultstoarriveatadiagnosis.
Outlinetheprinciplesofmanagementforacuteandchronicsurgicalillnesses.
Counselthepatientandfamilyregardingthediagnosesandvariousavailabletreatmentoptions.

6.
7.

Describetheantisepticandasepticmeasuresandtheirrelevanceincontemporarysurgicalpractice.
Identifythecommonsurgicalinstrumentsincurrentuseandidentifytheirusesinvarioussurgical
procedures.
8. Performundersupervision,commonminorsurgicalprocedures.
9. WorkasanhonourableteammemberintheSurgicalDepartmentrespectingskilfulandwiseleadership.
10. Demonstraterespectforpatientsandfamilylifestyles,payingattentiontoethnic,cultural,and
socioeconomicinfluences.

Thismodule,GeneralSurgery2,introducesstudentstovariouscommonsurgicalproblemsofbothacuteand
[Link]
knowledgeandskillstocompetentlyclerksurgicalcases,performphysicalexaminations,identifyandinterpret
relevantinvestigations,diagnoseandoutlinemanagementplansforcommonsurgicalillnessesinaccordance
[Link],studentsarealsogiventheopportunitytoperform,under
guidance,variousminorsurgicalprocedures.

42)SubjectName:ObstrestricsandGynaecology2
SubjectCode:MD4404
Credits:0.0000
Semester7
ThismoduleisacontinuationoftheYear3module,[Link]
seekstoprovidestudentswithopportunitiestodeveloptheiressentialclinicalskillsinobstetricsandgynaecology
andtherebyestablishafirmfoundationuponwhichtobuildtowardsfullprofessionalpracticeinfuture.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheObstetricsandGynaecology2module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Describetheanatomy,physiology,pathologyandpharmacologyinrelationtoobstetricsandgynaecology.
Perform,systematically,properobstetricandgynaecologicalhistorytakingandphysicalexaminations.
Interpretclinicalsymptomsandsignsandrelevantinvestigationresultstoestablishdifferential
diagnosesasabasisfromwhichtooutlinetheprinciplesofmanagementandassesslikelyoutcomes.
Applybasicsciencestoclinicalpracticeinobstetricsandgynaecology.
Outlinethemanagementofnormalpregnancy,normallabourandnormalpuerperium.(Witness10
deliveriesanddeliver1case).
Recogniseabnormalpregnancy,abnormallabour,abnormalpuerperiumandcommongynaecological
disorders.
Recogniseandoutlinethemanagementofobstetricandgynaecologicalemergencies.
Describethebasicprinciplesunderlyingtheinvestigations,diagnosisandtreatmentoptionsforcommon
obstetricproblemsandgynaecologicaldiseases.
Describethecommoncausesandstrategiesforthepreventionofmaternalandperinatalmortalityin
Malaysia.
Counselpatientswithcommonobstetricproblemsandgynaecologicaldiseases.
Careforpatientsinconformitywithmedicalethics,respectingthecustomsandreligionofthepatientand
thecommunity.
Respectwomen'splaceinthefamilyandinsociety.
Recognisetheimportanceofthesocialaspectofobstetricsandgynaecology.

14. Beevervigilantthatpregnancy,thoughanormalphysiologicalprocess,canturnpathologicalatanystage
andthatgoodobstetriccareisalsopreventivegynaecology.
15. Adoptthehabitofcontinuingselfeducationandscientificinvestigations.

InObstetrics,thephysiologyofnormalpregnancy,antenatalcareandbasicnutritionalrequirements,theeffective
[Link]
mechanismofnormalparturitionistaughtwithemphasisonpainreliefandtheuseofpharmacologicalagentsin
[Link]
[Link],forexample,byassistinginternsintaking
thehistoriesofthosepatientswhoareadmittedtotheward.

InGynaecology,muchattentionisfocusedonthescienceandtechniquesofconception,itscontrolandthe
[Link]
[Link]
controllingcervicalcancerandtheproblemsofearlypregnancyishighlighted.

Theseaimsareaccomplishedby:
(1)Teachingtheevaluationofaclinicalconditionfromthehistoryandphysicalfindings
(2)Employingcasepresentationasthepreferredmethodofteachingand
(3)Usingbedsidediscussions,seminars,clinicalteachingsessionsandclerkshiprotationsthroughthelabour,
antenatalandgynaecologicalwards,inordertogaineffectivecommunicationandrapportwithwomeninphysical
and/ormentalstress.

43)SubjectName:Radiology
SubjectCode:MD4405
Credits:0.0000
Semester7
[Link],soontobenewlyqualifieddoctors,
withthenecessaryknowledge,skillsandattitudesinthefieldofradiologytopracticeefficientlyandtoestablisha
foundationforpostgraduatelearning.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheRadiologymodule,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Describebasicprinciples,strengthsandlimitationsofimagingmodalitiesandapplytheguidelinesfor
appropriateusageofthem.
Describethebiologicaleffectsofionizingradiationsandtheprinciplesofradiationprotection.
Applytheprinciplesofprotectioninreallifesituationswithspecialprecautionsforchildren,womenof
childbearingageandpregnantwomen.
Describetypes,uses,adversereactionsandriskfactorsofcontrastmediaanddrugsusedindiagnostic
imaging.

5.
6.

Recognizetheadversereactionsofiodinatedcontrastmediaandassistinmanagement.
Describetheindications,contraindicationsandcomplicationsofcommonradiologicalandinterventional
procedures.
7. Performundersupervisionorassistincommonlydoneproceduresincurrentclinicalpractice.
8. Describetheroleofimaginginvestigationsofclinicalproblemsbasedonorgans/systems.
9. Identifyandinterpretcommonandemergencymedicalproblemsevidentonchest,abdominal,skulland
skeletalradiographs.
10. Developcommunicationskills,teamspiritandadheretoethicsinassistingorperforminggeneral
abdominalultrasoundexaminations,plainradiography,bariumstudies,IVU,contraststudiesandsimple
guidedprocedures.
11. Developleadershipandteamskillsinorganizingclinicalassignments,seminarpreparationand
presentation.

Thismoduleprovidescoreknowledgeasaplatformfortheutilisationofvariousimagingmodalitiesandthe
[Link],drugsandcontrastagentsused
inradiologicalprocedures,interventionalradiology,theroleofimaginginvestigationindifferentorgans/systems,
recognitionandinterpretationofcommonmedicalproblemsonplainradiographsandsimpleinvestigationslike
[Link],seminars,filmviewingsessions,handsontraininginthe
clinicalskillslaboratoryandattachmenttotheradiologydepartmentoftheHospital.

44)SubjectName:Otorhinolaryngology
SubjectCode:LUCMD0406
Credits:0.0000
Semester7
Inclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialtomedicalstudentsacquiringknowledgeandskillsin
historytaking,physicalexamination,investigationandmanagementofcommonear,noseandthroat(ENT)
diseasesandtoknowwhentoseekspecialistadvicewhenitisneeded.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheOtorhinolaryngologymodule,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Applyknowledgeoftheanatomyoftheear,noseandthroatinpathophysiologyofcommonENTdiseases.
Performproperhistorytaking,physicalexaminationandchooserelevantinvestigationstoreachthe
diagnosis.
OutlinethemanagementofcommonENTdiseases.
Recognisetheconditionswhichneedimmediatereferralandspecialistattentionforfurthermanagement.
CounselpatientsaboutcommonENTproblemsandtheirprevention.

Thisisatwoweekrotationpostingtooutpatientclinics,theinpatientwardandoperationtheatretolearnabout
commondiseasesofear,[Link]:
anatomy,physiology,aetiology,pathologyanddiscussionontheclinicalmanifestations,diagnosticapproachand
[Link],physicalexaminationandappropriatecounsellingon

commonENTproblems,includingtheirpreventionand/ortreatmentarealsoessentialcomponentsofthis
module.

45)SubjectName:Opthalmology
SubjectCode:MD4407
Credits:0.0000
Semester8
Theintentionofthismoduleistoproducedoctorswhoareabletotakeproperhistoriesabouteyeproblems,
performeyeexaminationswithtorchlightanddirectophthalmoscope,diagnoseandtreatcommoneyediseases,
andreferthesightthreateningacuteandchroniccasestorecognisedEyeSpecialistsforfurthermanagement.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheOphthalmologymodule,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Performacomprehensivehistorytakingwithconfidencefromapatientwitheyeproblems.
Performexaminationsofeyewithtorchlightanddirectophthalmoscope.
Interprettheinvestigationsusefulinthediagnosisofcommoneyediseases.
Performcommonsimpletherapeuticprocedures.
Diagnoseandtreatthecommoneyediseases.
Identifythesightthreateningacuteandchroniceyediseasesandreferthosepatientstoanappropriate
EyeSpecialistforfurthermanagement.
Educatetheirpatientsaboutthepreventivemeasuresforblindnessinthecommunity.

Aftercompletingthetwoweekposting,thestudentswillbeabletotakeanappropriatehistoryandperforma
competentophthalmologicalexamination,correlatethesymptomsandsigns,diagnoseandmanagecommoneye
diseasesingeneralmedicalpractice.

46)SubjectName:CommunityMedicine2
SubjectCode:MD4408
Credits:0.0000
Semester8
Topromoteanappreciationamongmedicalstudentsoftheimportanceofaresearchorientedcultureinmedicine
throughtheiractiveparticipationintheinvestigationofarelevanthealthrelatedproblem.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheCommunityMedicine2module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Defineresearchandneedsassessmentandperformthestepsinvolvedincarryingoutanappropriate
researchproject.
Describetheprinciplesofhealtheducationandorganiseahealtheducationprogramme.
Describethestepsinvolvedinoutbreakinvestigationandcontrol.
Describethestepsandwritearesearchproposalincludingthedevelopmentofanappropriate
questionnaire.

5.
6.
7.

Understandbasicbiostatistics,performappropriatestatisticaltestsandinterprettheresults.
Describethestepsandwriteafinalresearchreport.
Developmanagerialandleadershipskillsnotonlyintheconductofresearchprojectbutalsoinan
[Link].

Thismoduleequipsstudentswithsufficientknowledgeandskillstobeabletoconfidentlyconductabasic
[Link]
willalsocomeintocontactandinteractwithruralcommunitiesandgainaninsightintotheircustomsand
socioeconomicconditions.

47)SubjectName:Dermatology
SubjectCode:MD4409
Credits:0.0000
Semester8
Inclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialtoensurethatnewmedicalgraduatescanidentifyand
managecommonskindisordersincludingthoseassociatedwithsexuallytransmitteddiseasessuchasthe
HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus(HIV).

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheDermatologymodule,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Applythebasicanatomy&physiologyoftheskinindermatology.
Discusstheaetiology,pathogenesisofcommonskinandsexuallytransmitteddiseases.
Performproperhistorytaking,physicalexaminationandchooserelevantinvestigationstoreachthe
diagnosisfordermatologicalandsexuallytransmitteddiseases.
Outlinethemanagementofcommondermatologicalandsexuallytransmitteddiseases.
Identifyandnamethedrugsusedfortreatingthecommonskindiseases.
Counselapatientwithdermatologicalconditionorsexuallytransmitteddisease/[Link]/or
performcommonproceduresdoneinthedermatologyclinicundersupervisionofadermatologist

Thismoduleisdesignedtoassiststudentstolearnaboutcommonskinandsexuallytransmitteddiseases,their
diagnosisandtheirmanagementincludingappropriatecounsellingofpatients.

48)SubjectName:Orthopaedics1
SubjectCode:MD4410
Credits:0.0000
Semester8
Inclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialinordertoproducehighlyskilled,caringdoctorswhohave
essentialknowledgeinorthopaedics,areabletotakeanappropriatehistory,conductaproperphysical
examination,[Link]
developscommunicationskills,professionalismandasupportiveattitudetowardsthepatient,familyand
community.


OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheOrthopaedics1module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Applythebasicprinciplesofclinicalanatomyintheassessmentandtreatmentoforthopaedicconditions.
Discusstheaetiology,pathophysiologyandclinicalfeaturesofcommonorthopaedicproblemsincluding
acuteandchronicconditionsinadultsandchildren.
Performathoroughhistorytakingandcompletephysicalexaminationofanorthopaedicpatienttoarriveat
provisionaldiagnosis.
Statetherelevantinvestigationsandinterprettheresultstoarriveatadiagnosis.
Outlinetheprinciplesofmanagementforacuteandchronicorthopaedicproblems.
Counselthepatientandfamilyregardingdiagnosisandproposedtreatment.
Demonstraterespectforpatientandfamilylifestyles,payingattentiontocultural,ethnic,and
socioeconomicinfluences.

Thisorthopaedicmoduleintroducesstudentstovariouscommonorthopaedicproblemsofbothacuteandchronic
[Link],performphysical
examinations,stateandinterpretrelevantinvestigations,diagnoseandoutlinethemanagementplansfor
commonorthopaedicconditionsasperMalaysianclinicalpracticeguidelines.

49)SubjectName:Aneasthesiology
SubjectCode:MD4411
Credits:0.0000
Semester8
Inclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialinordertoproducehighlyskilledandcaringdoctorswho
haveknowledgeinanaesthesiologyandareabletoperformproperanaestheticpreoperativeassessment,
intraoperativeandpostoperativemanagementandcriticalcareallofwhicharenecessaryskillsforapracticing
doctor.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheAnaesthesiologymodule,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Understandtheprinciplesofanaesthesiologyandanaestheticagentsusedinthemanagementof
[Link],intraoperative
monitoringofanaestheticmanagementandwritingadequateclinicalnotesandanaestheticrecords.
Understandthecomplicationsandmanagementofgeneralandregionalanaesthesia.
Understandandperformpostoperativeanaestheticmanagementandtreatmentofpostoperative
anaestheticcomplications.
Recogniseperioperativeanaestheticandsurgicalcomplicationsandmanagethemeffectively.
Understandacuteandchronicpainmanagement.
Performandassistinresuscitationofcriticallyillpatients.
Communicateandinteracteffectivelywithpatients,familymembersandvarioushealthpersonnel.
Understandtheprinciplesofmedicalethicsinanaesthesiologyandtheirapplicationinactualpractice.
Recognisetheimportanceofresearchandselfstudyinlifelonglearning.


[Link]
knowledgeandskilltocompetentlyassesspatientsandmanagethemperioperativelyasisexpectedin
contemporarymedicalpractice.

50)SubjectName:InternalMedicine3
SubjectCode:MD4501
Credits:0.0000
Semester9
InclusionofthismoduleintheDoctorofMedicinecurriculumisessentialinordertogivestudentsexposuretoall
thesubspecialtiesinGeneralMedicine(e.g.,cardiology,respiratorymedicine,GIandlivermedicine,renal
medicine,neurology,endocrinologyetc.)Thestudentsareattachedtoallspecialtyclinics,participateinward
rounds,proceduresessionsandlectures/[Link]
itisimportanttoconsolidatetheknowledgeandskillswhichhavealreadybeenattainedinthepreviousclinical
[Link],particularlyinrespectoftheir
clinicalmanagementaspects.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheInternalMedicine3module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.

3.
4.

Correlatethepathophysiologyofcommonmedicaldiseaseswiththeirclinicalfeaturesandconsider
differentialdiagnoseswiththeirdifferentiatingpoints.
Developaholisticapproachinthemanagementofpatientswithbothacuteandchronicmedical
conditionsincludingtheinterpretationofresultsofinvestigationsandprocedures,prosandconsof
treatmentmodalitiesandtheirsideeffects.
Choosetherelevanttopicsinjournalreading.
Participateasateammemberinperforminginvestigations,proceduresandactivitiesinpatientcare.

[Link]
[Link]
achievethelearningoutcomesforthisposting,thespecifiedcurriculumcontentsareimplementedandappliedin
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
medicalsubspecialtiesandwillneedtoallocateappropriatetimetoeachoftheseinanefforttounderstandthe
basicconceptsinvolvedineachsubspecialty.ThesesubspecialtypostingsincludedinInternalMedicine3are
Cardiology,Pulmonology,Neurology,NephrologyandGastroenterology.

51)SubjectName:Paediatrics3
SubjectCode:MD4502
Credits:0.0000
Semester9
ThismoduleisincludedintheYear5curriculuminordertoproduceskilful,knowledgeableandcaring
professionaldoctorswithpositiveattitudesandwhoareculturallyandsociallysensitiveindealingwithchildrenof
differentages,theirfamiliesandtheircommunities.

OnsuccessfulcompletionofthePaediatrics3module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Performcompletepaediatrichistorytakingandphysicalexaminationonchildrenofdifferentagesbased
onthepresentingcomplexofsymptomsorproblems.
Discussthepathophysiology/pathogenesisofthepresentingsymptomcomplexorproblems.
Identifytherelevantpointsinhistorytaking,physicalexaminationandanalysetherelevantinvestigations
toreachthediagnosis.
Outlinethemanagementofcommonacuteandchronicchildhoodillnessesinhospitalandinfamilyand
communitysettings.
Outlinethestepsinvolvedinhealthpromotionandthepreventionofcommonchildhoodproblems.
UnderstandtheprinciplesofMedicalEthicsinPaediatricsandtheirapplicationinpaediatricclinical
practice.
Understandtheneedforlifelonglearninginthecontextofalwayschangingandevolvingmedicine.

Themainfocusduringthisperiodofclinicaltrainingistopromotetheacquisitionofskillintheuseofanintegrated
[Link]
managementofcommonpaediatricillnessesincludingthebasicinitialtreatmentandtimelyreferralinemergency
[Link]
preventiveaspectsofhealthcare,counsellingandgivinghealtheducationtocaregivers/parentsandchildren
accordingtotheirageandlevelofunderstanding.

52)SubjectName:GeneralSurgery3
SubjectCode:MD4503
Credits:0.0000
Semester9
Inclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialinordertoproducehighlyskilled,caringdoctorswhohave
knowledgeingeneralsurgery,areabletotakeaproperhistory,conductathoroughphysicalexamination,
diagnose,[Link]
communicationskills,professionalismandpositiveattitudestowardsthepatient,familyandcommunity.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheGeneralSurgery3module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.

Correlateaetiology,pathophysiologyandclinicalfeaturesofcommonsurgicalproblems,including
emergenciesandmalignantconditions,inadultsandchildren.
2. Perform,withconfidence,properhistorytakingandcompletephysicalexaminationofasurgicalpatientto
arriveataprovisionaldiagnosisandbeabletodiscussdifferentialdiagnoses.
3. Statetherelevantinvestigationsandbeabletointerprettheresultstoarriveatadiagnosis.
4. Describeindetailthemanagementforacuteandchronicsurgicalillnessesinallagegroups.
5. Counselthepatientandfamilyregardingthediagnosisandbestavailabletreatmentoptionsandtheir
likelyoutcomes.
6. Discussthepreventivemeasuresofvarioussurgicaldiseasesand,whereappropriate,palliativecare
options.
7. Identifythecommonsurgicalinstrumentsandtheirusagesinvarioussurgicalprocedures.
8. Perform,undersupervision,minorsurgicalprocedures.
9. Assistinminorandmajorsurgicaloperationsintheoperatingtheatre.
10. Work,atalltimes,asanhonourableteammemberrespondingappropriatelytowiseandskilful
leadership.
11. Demonstraterespectforpatientsandtheirfamilylifestyles,payingattentiontocultural,ethnic,and
socioeconomicinfluences.

Thismoduleintroducesstudentstovariouscommonsurgicalproblemslikeacuteandchronicillnessincluding
[Link]
andskillstocompetentlyclerk,performphysicalexaminations,requestandinterpretrelevantinvestigations,
diagnoseanddescribeindetailthemanagementplansforcommonsurgicalillnessesinaccordancewiththe
[Link]
intheperformanceofminorproceduresandtoassistinvarioussurgicalproceduresinthesurgicaloperating
theatre.

53)SubjectName:ObstrestricsandGynaecology3
SubjectCode:MD4504
Credits:0.0000
Semester9
InclusionofthismoduleintheYear5curriculumisessentialbecause,atthisstageoftheirclinicaltraining,the
studentswillconsolidatethefoundationlaidduringModules305(Year3)and405(Year4)andacquiretheskills
necessarytodemonstrateanintegratedapproachtowomenshealthwithanemphasisonthemanagementof
[Link]
commonillnessesandthecurative,promotiveandpreventivehealthcareapproachtothewellbeingoffamiliesas
wellastothecaringenvironmentwithinwhichtheywillapplytheseskillsduringtheirinternshipandprofessional
career.

OnsuccessfulcompletionoftheObstetricsandGynaecology3module,eachstudentwillbeableto:

Integratehistorytakingwithphysicalexaminationandinvestigationstoapproachthediagnosis.
Applybasicsciencesandexplaintheunderlyingpathophysiologyinobstetricsandgynaecology.

Demonstratetheabilitytorequestrationalinvestigationsandinterprettheresults.
Demonstratetheabilitytodiagnosecommonobstetricandgynaecologicalconditions.
Explainthebasicprinciplesunderlyingthetreatmentoptionsforcommonobstetricproblemsandgynaecological
diseases.
Interpretclinicalsymptomsandsigns,interpretrelevantinvestigationresults,establishdifferentialdiagnoses,plan
managementandassessoutcomes.
Managenormalpregnancyandlabour,includingthedeliveryof10cases.
Recognizeandoutlinethemanagementprinciplesofabnormalpregnancy,abnormallabour,abnormal
puerperiumandcommongynaecologicaldisorders.
Managecasesofobstetricandgynaecologicalemergencies.
Describecommongynaecologicalmalignanciesandoutlinetheirmanagement,includingtheirprevention.
Counselpatientssoastofacilitateclinicalinteractionwiththemandtheirfamiliestoobtaincompleteandaccurate
data.
Demonstratebehavioursthatrespectthepatientsmodesty,privacyandconfidentiality.
Adoptthehabitofcontinuingselfeducationandscientificinvestigations.

InObstetrics,thephysiologyofnormalpregnancy,antenatalcare(includingbasicnutritionalrequirements),the
[Link]
taughtwithanemphasisonpainreliefandtheuseofpharmacologicalagentsinretardingoracceleratinglabour.
Studentsarepermittedtogainpracticalexperiencebyperformingdeliveriesandaregiventheopportunityto
developmanualskills,forexample,bysuturingepisiotomiesandassistingatoperativedeliveries.

InGynaecology,muchattentionisfocusedonthescienceandtechniquesofconceptioncontrolandthe
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screeningprogrammesincontrollingcervicalcancerandtheproblemsofearlypregnancyarealsohighlighted.

Theseaimsareaccomplishedby:
(1)Teachingtheevaluationofaclinicalconditionfromthehistoryandphysicalfindings.
(2)Employingcasepresentationasthepreferredmethodofteaching.
(3)Bedsidediscussions,seminarsandclinicalteachingsessionsand
(4)Clerkshiprotationsthroughthelabour,antenatalandgynaecologicalwards,inordertogaineffective
communicationandrapportwithwomeninphysicaland/ormentalstress.

54)SubjectName:Psychiatry2
SubjectCode:MD4505
Credits:0.0000
Semester9

Inclusionofthismoduleinthecurriculumisessentialinordertoproducehighlyskilledandcaringdoctorswho
haveknowledgeinpsychiatryandabletoperformproperpsychiatricinterviews,mentalstateexaminationsand
diagnoseandmanagecommonpsychiatricdisorders.

OnsuccessfulcompletionofthePsychiatrymodule,eachstudentwillbeableto:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

UnderstandtheprinciplesofMedicalEthicsinPsychiatryandtheirapplicationinpsychiatricpractice.
Understandandperformproperpsychiatricinterviews.
Understandandperformobjectivementalstateexaminations.
Describethepsychopathologyofcommonpsychiatricdisorders.
Identifypsychiatriccaseswhichneedreferralforspecialisttreatment.
Understandcommonmedicationsinpsychiatryandthewritingofacorrectprescription.
Identifyanddiscusslegalissuesrelatedtomentaldisorders.
Discussissuesrelatingtopsychiatricpresentationsinorganicconditions.
Diagnosecommonpsychiatricdisordersandplanfortheirinvestigationandmanagementincluding
psychosocialtreatment.
10. Demonstrategoodcommunicationandcounsellingskills.
11. Appreciatethenatureandcontributionofmultidisciplinaryinvolvementinpsychiatricmanagement.

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knowledgeandskillstoconfidentlyclerk,diagnoseandmanagecommonpsychiatricdisorderswhichisexpected
inageneralmedicalpractitioner.