6-1 A 1956 technical report describes the supersonic wind tunnel (E-l) of
the Gas Dynamics Facility of the Arnold Engineering Development
Center, Tullahoma, Tennessee. The control station is shown in the
figure. The report identifies the test section inlet as a 6 inch diameter
pipe that can deliver a
mass flow rate of 190
lbm/sec at air
pressure and
temperature of 4
atmospheres and
100F respectively.
a) Based on this
information find the
velocity of the air in the
test inlet section
A: V = 3416 ft/sec
b) Calculate the rate of
flow energy
A: 38.4 Btu/sec
c) Find the rate of energy transport by mass
A: 69.8103 Btu/sec
d) Find the error in c) if the kinetic energy term is ignored.
6-2
A: 63%
The performance of the compressor section of the T53-L-13B turboshaft
engine is as shown:
Pressure ratio
Inlet
temperature
(SLS)
Exit
Temperature
Airflow
7.2:1
59F
530F
10.7
lbm/sec
a) Determine the work done by
the compressor in kJ/kg
A: 1292kW
b) The power required to drive the compressor if it is 87% efficient
A: 1485kW
6-3
As the plant design engineer, you want to use
throttling valve to create saturated vapor
from a supply source consisting of a saturated
mixture with a steam quality of 96% at 1200psia
Copeland CV series steam throttling valve
a
(x=1)
using a
shown.
a) At what pressure do you achieve your
objective?
A: ~1,600 psia
7-1 W. Brandstetter and R. Dziggel of VW Wolfsburg Ag. report in SAE
technical paper # 820441 (1982) that the VW 4 cylinder turbocharged
engine has the performance characteristics shown in their Fig. 35. (bsfc
is brake specifc fuel consumption; a measure of fuel flow rate in grams
per hour divided by power in kW; RB is a measure of exhaust opacity)
The Hydrogen Analysis
Resource Center of the US
Department of Energy provides
the below information relating
to fuel energy content:
Liquid Fuels
Btu/gal
[2]
Btu/lb
[3]
MJ/kg
[4]
Crude oil
129,670
18,352
42.686
Conventional gasoline
116,090
18,679
43.448
Reformulated or low-sulfur gasoline
113,602
18,211
42.358
CA reformulated gasoline
113,927
18,272
42.500
U.S. conventional diesel
128,450
18,397
42.791
Low-sulfur diesel
129,488
18,320
42.612
Petroleum naphtha
116,920
19,320
44.938
NG-based FT naphtha
111,520
19,081
44.383
Residual oil
140,353
16,968
39.466
Methanol
57,250
8,639
20.094
Ethanol
76,330
11,587
26.952
Butanol
99,837
14,775
34.366
Acetone
83,127
12,721
29.589
a) Based on the information provided calculate the thermal efficiency of
the engine using low-sulfur diesel fuel. A: 26%
b) From energy balance, how much energy is rejected to the
environment? A: 145 kJ/sec
7-2
The Wheelabrator waste to energy facility in Lisbon CT produces
electrical energy from recycled municipal solid waste (MSW) under the
auspices of the Connecticut Resource Recovery Agency. The company
claims that it processes up to 500 tons per day of municipal solid waste
with a generating capacity of 15,000 kilowatts of electrical energy, or
the equivalent of supplying the electrical needs of 18,000 Connecticut
homes.
Tchobanoglous et al (Tchobanoglous, G., Theisen, H., and Vigil, S.
(1993) Integrated Solid Waste Management, Chapter 4, McGraw-Hill,
New York.) reports that the average energy content of the MSW
feedstock in New York City is 12,332 MJ/ton.
a) What is the thermal efficiency of the Wheelabrator plant based on this
information?
A: 21%
7-3
Using the published technical information
shown below for the TempStar model
N4A318AKA:
a) What is the COP? A: 1.88
b) What is the EER? A: 6.41
EER rating is performed for an outside air
temperature of 95F and inside temperature of
80F. Based on these temperatures:
c) What is COPcarnot? A: 36.0
d) Whats is EER carnot? A: 122.8
7-4
As the Heating and Cooling contractor, you have
estimated that a new construction residential
dwelling loses heat at a rate proportional to the
difference between the inside and outside
temperature as follows:
Qdot = 500 T where:
Qdot = heat loss to outside (Btu/hr)
T = Temperature difference between
inside and outside (F)
You will use the Goodman GSZ130361B heat
pump to maintain a temperature of 70F inside
and will augment the heat pump with a gas-fired
furnace when conditions require. Based on the
below performance characteristics:
a) At what temperature will the gas-fired furnace
need to kick on? A: ~25F
b) What will be the power required to heat the
house when the outside temperature is 50F if
the COP is as indicated below?
A: 0.816 kW